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Mastitis associated with Prototheca zopfii - an emerging health and economic problem on dairy farms Full text
2016
Milanov, Dubravka | Petrović, Tamaš | Polaček, Vladimir | Suvajdžić, Ljiljana | Bojkovski, Jovan
Mastitis associated with Prototheca zopfii - an emerging health and economic problem on dairy farms Full text
2016
Milanov, Dubravka | Petrović, Tamaš | Polaček, Vladimir | Suvajdžić, Ljiljana | Bojkovski, Jovan
Increased incidence of protothecal mastitis has been recorded in several countries in the past ten years. The main goal of this article is to draw the attention of scientific and professional community to the emerging issue of mammary protothecosis. The article collates currently known facts about infection reservoirs, predisposing factors for the development of mastitis, clinical manifestations of the disease, and potential transmission routes within the herd as well as the measures for control and eradication. We would like to point out that identification of protothecal mastitis on a dairy farm is associated with a range of problems. Early detection of infected animals can be difficult because of predominantly subclinical course of early-stage infection, which easily spreads between cows via the milking system. Spontaneous recovery has not been recorded and infected cows typically develop chronic mastitis with granulomatous infiltration and progressive loss of functional parenchyma of the mammary gland. Substantial economic losses and health damages associated with mammary protothecosis strongly emphasise the need for developing effective prevention strategies aimed at control of the infection.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mastitis associated with Prototheca zopfii - an emerging health and economic problem on dairy farms Full text
2016
Milanov Dubravka | Petrović Tamaš | Polaček Vladimir | Suvajdžić Ljiljana | Bojkovski Jovan
Increased incidence of protothecal mastitis has been recorded in several countries in the past ten years. The main goal of this article is to draw the attention of scientific and professional community to the emerging issue of mammary protothecosis. The article collates currently known facts about infection reservoirs, predisposing factors for the development of mastitis, clinical manifestations of the disease, and potential transmission routes within the herd as well as the measures for control and eradication. We would like to point out that identification of protothecal mastitis on a dairy farm is associated with a range of problems. Early detection of infected animals can be difficult because of predominantly subclinical course of early-stage infection, which easily spreads between cows via the milking system. Spontaneous recovery has not been recorded and infected cows typically develop chronic mastitis with granulomatous infiltration and progressive loss of functional parenchyma of the mammary gland. Substantial economic losses and health damages associated with mammary protothecosis strongly emphasise the need for developing effective prevention strategies aimed at control of the infection.
Show more [+] Less [-]Relationship between the pre- and postpartum body condition scores and periparturient indices and fertility in high-yielding dairy cows Full text
2016
Stefanska, Barbara | Poźniak, Agnieszka | Nowak, Włodzimierz
Relationship between the pre- and postpartum body condition scores and periparturient indices and fertility in high-yielding dairy cows Full text
2016
Stefanska, Barbara | Poźniak, Agnieszka | Nowak, Włodzimierz
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) determined on the dry-off day, calving day, and in the first month of lactation, its changes during the dry period and early lactation, and periparturient indices and fertility in high-producing dairy cows. Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted in two herds: A and B, located in Western Poland. The studies were conducted on 116 and 108 Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows respectively, with an average milk yield of >10 000 kg/305-day lactation. The experiment included the dry period (-56 d to the calving day), the calving day, and early lactation (from +1 to +56 d). The experimental factor was BCS (0 to 5-point scale). The BCS was performed by one person on day -56, on parturition day (in the first 12 h after calving) and on day 30 of lactation. Results: A decrease in BCS (≥-0.25) in herd A during the dry period accelerated the planned calving period by 7.3 d. In the group of cows with BCS <3.25 on the dry-off day, the lowest artificial insemination index (1.80), the shortest period of insemination services (25 d), and days open (87 d) were recorded. Moreover, cows with BCS < 3.25 at calving had the shortest days open (91 d). BCS >3.50 in the first month of lactation (30 d) resulted in the extension of uterine involution period (56 d). Improvement of BCS during the dry period shortened the anoestrus (60 d) in herd A and the period of insemination service (60 d) in herd B. However, in this group (IM BCS ≥ 0.25) of cows the day of the highest artificial insemination index (2.50) in herd B was analysed. Conclusion: The body condition on the dry-off day and at calving, as well as its deterioration in the first month of lactation, have a considerable effect on fertility indices in dairy cows, thus confirming the advisability of its regular monitoring during routine operations connected with the management of a dairy cattle herd.
Show more [+] Less [-]Relationship between the pre- and postpartum body condition scores and periparturient indices and fertility in high-yielding dairy cows Full text
2016
Stefańska Barbara | Poźniak Agnieszka | Nowak Włodzimierz
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) determined on the dry-off day, calving day, and in the first month of lactation, its changes during the dry period and early lactation, and periparturient indices and fertility in high-producing dairy cows. Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted in two herds: A and B, located in Western Poland. The studies were conducted on 116 and 108 Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows respectively, with an average milk yield of >10 000 kg/305-day lactation. The experiment included the dry period (-56 d to the calving day), the calving day, and early lactation (from +1 to +56 d). The experimental factor was BCS (0 to 5-point scale). The BCS was performed by one person on day -56, on parturition day (in the first 12 h after calving) and on day 30 of lactation. Results: A decrease in BCS (≥-0.25) in herd A during the dry period accelerated the planned calving period by 7.3 d. In the group of cows with BCS <3.25 on the dry-off day, the lowest artificial insemination index (1.80), the shortest period of insemination services (25 d), and days open (87 d) were recorded. Moreover, cows with BCS < 3.25 at calving had the shortest days open (91 d). BCS >3.50 in the first month of lactation (30 d) resulted in the extension of uterine involution period (56 d). Improvement of BCS during the dry period shortened the anoestrus (60 d) in herd A and the period of insemination service (60 d) in herd B. However, in this group (IM BCS ≥ 0.25) of cows the day of the highest artificial insemination index (2.50) in herd B was analysed. Conclusion: The body condition on the dry-off day and at calving, as well as its deterioration in the first month of lactation, have a considerable effect on fertility indices in dairy cows, thus confirming the advisability of its regular monitoring during routine operations connected with the management of a dairy cattle herd.
Show more [+] Less [-]Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in aborting cows: two herd cases in Sicily (Italy) Full text
2020
Grippi, Francesca | Giudice, Elisabetta | Pietro, Simona Di | Sciacca, Carmela | Santangelo, Francesco | Galluzzo, Paola | Barreca, Santino | Guercio, Annalisa
Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in aborting cows: two herd cases in Sicily (Italy) Full text
2020
Grippi, Francesca | Giudice, Elisabetta | Pietro, Simona Di | Sciacca, Carmela | Santangelo, Francesco | Galluzzo, Paola | Barreca, Santino | Guercio, Annalisa
The aim of this study was to present two outbreaks of bovine abortion due to Leptospira infection in cattle herds located in the northern part of Sicily (Italy). The animals were positive for Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). A total of 23 Charolaise cows (farm A) and 75 Limousine bulls and Cinisara and Modicana cows (farm B) were enrolled in this study. The blood samples were collected from all subjects at the following time points: before a cycle of intramuscular treatment with oxytetracycline dihydrate (T0), after 5–6 weeks from the treatment (T1), and every 10 weeks until seronegativisation (T2 in Farm A and T3 in Farm B). A serological test (MAT) was used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Two samples from farm A (2/23) and 29 samples from farm B (29/75) were positive to Leptospira interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo in the MAT. Leptospira spp. DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the urine sample of one positive cow on farm A, and in placenta and brain samples belonging to one aborted foetus on farm B. It is important to use serological and molecular diagnostic techniques complementarily to identify infected individuals.
Show more [+] Less [-]Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in aborting cows: two herd cases in Sicily (Italy) Full text
2020
Grippi Francesca | Giudice Elisabetta | Pietro Simona Di | Sciacca Carmela | Santangelo Francesco | Galluzzo Paola | Barreca Santino | Guercio Annalisa
The aim of this study was to present two outbreaks of bovine abortion due to Leptospira infection in cattle herds located in the northern part of Sicily (Italy). The animals were positive for Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo in a microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevalence of pathogens from Mollicutes class in cattle affected by respiratory diseases and molecular characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis field strains Full text
2016
Szacawa, Ewelina | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Niemczuk, Krzysztof | Dudek, Katarzyna | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz | Bednarek, Dariusz
Prevalence of pathogens from Mollicutes class in cattle affected by respiratory diseases and molecular characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis field strains Full text
2016
Szacawa, Ewelina | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Niemczuk, Krzysztof | Dudek, Katarzyna | Woźniakowski, Grzegorz | Bednarek, Dariusz
Introduction: Mycoplasma bovis is one of the main pathogens involved in cattle pneumonia. Other mycoplasmas have also been directly implicated in respiratory diseases in cattle. The prevalence of different Mycoplasma spp. in cattle affected by respiratory diseases and molecular characteristics of M. bovis field strains were evaluated. Material and Methods: In total, 713 nasal swabs from 73 cattle herds were tested. The uvrC gene fragment was amplified by PCR and PCR products were sequenced. PCR/DGGE and RAPD were performed. Results: It was found that 39 (5.5%) samples were positive for M. bovis in the PCR and six field strains had point nucleotide mutations. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of 20 M. bovis field strains tested with RAPD showed two distinct groups of M. bovis strains sharing only 3.8% similarity. PCR/DGGE analysis demonstrated the presence of bacteria belonging to the Mollicutes class in 79.1% of DNA isolates. The isolates were identified as: Mycoplasma bovirhinis, M. dispar, M. bovis, M. canis, M. arginini, M. canadense, M. bovoculi, M. alkalescens, and Ureaplasma diversum. Conclusion: Different Mycoplasma spp. strains play a crucial role in inducing respiratory diseases in cattle.
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevalence of pathogens from Mollicutes class in cattle affected by respiratory diseases and molecular characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis field strains Full text
2016
Szacawa Ewelina | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Niemczuk Krzysztof | Dudek Katarzyna | Woźniakowski Grzegorz | Bednarek Dariusz
Introduction: Mycoplasma bovis is one of the main pathogens involved in cattle pneumonia. Other mycoplasmas have also been directly implicated in respiratory diseases in cattle. The prevalence of different Mycoplasma spp. in cattle affected by respiratory diseases and molecular characteristics of M. bovis field strains were evaluated. Material and Methods: In total, 713 nasal swabs from 73 cattle herds were tested. The uvrC gene fragment was amplified by PCR and PCR products were sequenced. PCR/DGGE and RAPD were performed. Results: It was found that 39 (5.5%) samples were positive for M. bovis in the PCR and six field strains had point nucleotide mutations. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of 20 M. bovis field strains tested with RAPD showed two distinct groups of M. bovis strains sharing only 3.8% similarity. PCR/DGGE analysis demonstrated the presence of bacteria belonging to the Mollicutes class in 79.1% of DNA isolates. The isolates were identified as: Mycoplasma bovirhinis, M. dispar, M. bovis, M. canis, M. arginini, M. canadense, M. bovoculi, M. alkalescens, and Ureaplasma diversum. Conclusion: Different Mycoplasma spp. strains play a crucial role in inducing respiratory diseases in cattle.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mixed infection zones may be important in the epidemiology of contagious agalactia Full text
2016
Jafarizadeh, Amirreza | Pourbakhsh, Seyed Ali | Tadayon, Keyvan | Jamshidian, Mahmud | Ashtari, Abbas
Mixed infection zones may be important in the epidemiology of contagious agalactia Full text
2016
Jafarizadeh, Amirreza | Pourbakhsh, Seyed Ali | Tadayon, Keyvan | Jamshidian, Mahmud | Ashtari, Abbas
Introduction: The current study was designed to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) and Mycoplasma putrefaciens (Mp) in sheep and goats with clinical signs consistent with contagious agalactia.Material and Methods: A total of 299 samples were collected from 55 mixed herds in Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi province, Iran. Samples were examined using PCR and culture methods.Results: The findings showed that in 40 herds at least one sample was positive by PCR or culture method. Moreover, out of 274 sheep samples, 101 were proved to be positive using the PCR technique and 76 were found positive using the culture method. Out of 25 goat samples, 10 were found positive using PCR and 9 were positive through the culture method. Less than 20% of isolated mycoplasmas were Ma. Ma was detected from almost all studied regions in the province while Mmc, Mcc, and Mp were detected only in a very limited area that was deemed by the research group the mixed infection zone.Conclusion: In vaccination or eradication projects, it would be more economical to focus on mixed infection zones. Further investigation on mixed infection zones could facilitate better understanding of contagious agalactia epidemiology.
Show more [+] Less [-]Mixed infection zones may be important in the epidemiology of contagious agalactia Full text
2016
Jafarizadeh Amirreza | Pourbakhsh Seyed Ali | Tadayon Keyvan | Jamshidian Mahmud | Ashtari Abbas
Introduction: The current study was designed to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma), Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc) and Mycoplasma putrefaciens (Mp) in sheep and goats with clinical signs consistent with contagious agalactia.
Show more [+] Less [-]Real-time quantitative PCR for detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 Full text
2016
Dors, Arkadiusz | Kowalczyk, Andrzej | Pomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
Real-time quantitative PCR for detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 Full text
2016
Dors, Arkadiusz | Kowalczyk, Andrzej | Pomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
Introduction: Porcine pleuropneumonia inflicts important economic losses on most commercial herds. Detection of subclinical or chronic infection in animals still remains a challenge, as isolation and identification of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes is difficult and quantification of the bacteria on agar plates is often almost impossible. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a serotype-specific quantitative TaqMan probe-based PCR for detection of serotype 2 in pig lungs, tonsils, and nasal swabs.Material and Methods: The primers were designed from the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. PCR specificity and sensitivity were evaluated using reference strains and several other bacterial species commonly isolated from pigs.Results: The real-time qPCR for detection of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 was highly specific and gave no false positives with other serotypes or different bacterial species of pig origin. The detection limit for pure culture was 1.2 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, for lung tissue and nasal swabs it was 1.2 × 10⁵ CFU/mL, and for tonsils - 1.2 × 10⁵ CFU/mL.Conclusion: The method can be used to serotype A. pleuropneumoniae isolates obtained during cultivation and to detect and identify A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 directly in nasal swabs and tonsil scrapings obtained from live pigs or lung tissue and tonsils collected post-mortem.
Show more [+] Less [-]Real-time quantitative PCR for detection and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 Full text
2016
Dors Arkadiusz | Kowalczyk Andrzej | Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Introduction: Porcine pleuropneumonia inflicts important economic losses on most commercial herds. Detection of subclinical or chronic infection in animals still remains a challenge, as isolation and identification of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes is difficult and quantification of the bacteria on agar plates is often almost impossible. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a serotype-specific quantitative TaqMan probe-based PCR for detection of serotype 2 in pig lungs, tonsils, and nasal swabs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus 4 Full text
2022
Chen, Wanting | Jiang, Dike | Xiao, Lü | Zhang, Pengfei | Luo, Yan | Yang, Zexiao | Yao, Xueping | Wang, Yin | Wu, Xulong
Development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus 4 Full text
2022
Chen, Wanting | Jiang, Dike | Xiao, Lü | Zhang, Pengfei | Luo, Yan | Yang, Zexiao | Yao, Xueping | Wang, Yin | Wu, Xulong
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first discovered in 2019 in a herd of pigs with porcine respiratory disease, dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hunan Province, China. It has subsequently been detected in other provinces and in South Korea. In consideration of the potential of the virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of PCV4 is needed, as is the facilitation of further epidemiological research through elucidation of the whole genome of PCV4. This study had those two aims. Fifty-five blood samples, two pig tissue samples, nine saliva swabs and one semen sample which all originated from Sichuan province pig farms were analysed. The virus’ genome of 1,770 bp was synthesised artificially based on a Chinese reference strain and primers and probes for the ORF2 gene were designed. Then, the amplified target fragment was cloned into the pMD19-T vector and a series of diluted recombinant plasmids were used to generate a standard curve. An optimised real-time TaqMan PCR method was established. The results of this study showed that the established method is specific for PCV4 but not for other viruses, and has amplification efficiency of 99.6%, a regression squared value (R²) of 1.000 and a detection limit of 2.2×10 DNA copies. This method was shown to be analytically specific and sensitive with a low intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (<1.67 %). Of a total of 67 clinical samples tested using the established method, three were shown to be positive (4%). This study confirms the existence of PCV4 in Sichuan and provides a promising alternative tool for rapid detection of PCV4.
Show more [+] Less [-]Development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus 4 Full text
2022
Chen Wanting | Jiang Dike | Xiao Lu | Zhang Pengfei | Luo Yan | Yang Zexiao | Yao Xueping | Wang Yin | Wu Xulong
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first discovered in 2019 in a herd of pigs with porcine respiratory disease, dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hunan Province, China. It has subsequently been detected in other provinces and in South Korea. In consideration of the potential of the virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of PCV4 is needed, as is the facilitation of further epidemiological research through elucidation of the whole genome of PCV4. This study had those two aims.
Show more [+] Less [-]Balantidium coli in pig farms suspected of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated enteritis Full text
2021
Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna | Karamon, Jacek | Nowak, Agnieszka | Porowski, Marian | Karbowiak, Paweł | Holeniewski, Andrzej | Pejsak, Zygmunt
Balantidium coli in pig farms suspected of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated enteritis Full text
2021
Szczotka-Bochniarz, Anna | Karamon, Jacek | Nowak, Agnieszka | Porowski, Marian | Karbowiak, Paweł | Holeniewski, Andrzej | Pejsak, Zygmunt
Diarrhoea in growing-finishing pigs is a common problem of commercial pig farms. Among many causative factors, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one considered an important pathogen in modern pig production. The aim of the study was to verify if PCV2 was responsible for antibiotic non-responsive diarrhoea and wasting in pigs. A total of 13 dead pigs aged between 12 and 15 weeks from three Polish farms with persistent herd symptoms suggestive of PCV2 infection were provided for evaluation. Sections of lymph nodes and intestines were analysed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for PCV2 and histopathological examination. Faeces and intestinal scrapings were tested for Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae by real-time PCR and for parasitic infection by flotation and decantation. ISH and histopathological examination showed that all pigs were PCV2 systemic disease negative. Swine dysentery was confirmed by real-time PCR on two farms, and proliferative enteropathy on one farm. In histological examinations, erosions of the caecal and colonic mucosa were found, together with cysts and trophozoites of Balantidium coli. The protozoa were present in the intestinal lumen and mucosa. B. coli cysts were identified in faeces from all examined pigs. These results suggest that monitoring of B. coli infections should be an additional measure of control and prevention of gastrointestinal tract disorders in modern swine husbandry.
Show more [+] Less [-]Balantidium coli in pig farms suspected of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated enteritis Full text
Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz | Jacek Karamon | Agnieszka Nowak | Marian Porowski | Paweł Karbowiak | Andrzej Holeniewski | Zygmunt Pejsak
Introduction: Diarrhoea in growing-finishing pigs is a common problem of commercial pig farms. Among many causative factors, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one considered an important pathogen in modern pig production. The aim of the study was to verify if PCV2 was responsible for antibiotic non-responsive diarrhoea and wasting in pigs. Material and Methods: A total of 13 dead pigs aged between 12 and 15 weeks from three Polish farms with persistent herd symptoms suggestive of PCV2 infection were provided for evaluation. Sections of lymph nodes and intestines were analysed by in situ hybridization (ISH) for PCV2 and histopathological examination. Faeces and intestinal scrapings were tested for Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae by real-time PCR and for parasitic infection by flotation and decantation. Results: ISH and histopathological examination showed that all pigs were PCV2 systemic disease negative. Swine dysentery was confirmed by real-time PCR on two farms, and proliferative enteropathy on one farm. In histological examinations, erosions of the caecal and colonic mucosa were found, together with cysts and trophozoites of Balantidium coli. The protozoa were present in the intestinal lumen and mucosa. B. coli cysts were identified in faeces from all examined pigs. Conclusion: These results suggest that monitoring of B. coli infections should be an additional measure of control and prevention of gastrointestinal tract disorders in modern swine husbandry. | pigs, diarrhoea, PCV2, Balantidium coli, farm water quality | 140 | 1-6 | 65
Show more [+] Less [-]Balantidium coli in pig farms suspected of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) associated enteritis Full text
2021
Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna | Karamon Jacek | Nowak Agnieszka | Porowski Marian | Karbowiak Paweł | Holeniewski Andrzej | Pejsak Zygmunt
Diarrhoea in growing-finishing pigs is a common problem of commercial pig farms. Among many causative factors, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one considered an important pathogen in modern pig production. The aim of the study was to verify if PCV2 was responsible for antibiotic non-responsive diarrhoea and wasting in pigs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in the Irkutsk Region Full text
2020
Zakharova, Olga | Toropova, Nadezhda | Burova, Olga | Titov, Ilya | Meltsov, Ivan | Blokhin, Andrey
Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in the Irkutsk Region Full text
2020
Zakharova, Olga | Toropova, Nadezhda | Burova, Olga | Titov, Ilya | Meltsov, Ivan | Blokhin, Andrey
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a rare, under-explored lethal viral infection of cattle with gammaherpesvirus aetiological agents. Most often, the disease occurs on farms where cattle and sheep are kept together. However, other trigger mechanisms and environmental factors contribute. This study investigates the causation of MCF. An outbreak of MCF occurred in June - August 2017 in Kharchev village in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. In this paper, we provide epidemiological (sanitary status of pastures, watering places, and premises) and weather data during the outbreak, and descriptions of the clinical signs and post-mortem changes in cattle. The virus was detected and isolated from pathological material samples and identified by molecular methods. Extreme weather conditions, mixed-herd cattle and sheep farming, and unsatisfactory feed quality contributed to the outbreak. A virus related to herpesvirus OvHV2 was isolated and typed (MCF/Irkutsk/2017). Phylogenetic analysis showed its close genetic relationship to isolates from cattle and sheep in Germany, USA, and the Netherlands. Sporadic outbreaks of MCF caused by biotic and abiotic factors together are typical for the Russian Federation, and the Irkutsk outbreak epitomised this. Temperature anomalies caused pasture depletion, resulting in feed and water deficiency for grazing animals and dehydration and acidosis. Heat stress in animals ultimately led to the occurrence of MCF in the herd.
Show more [+] Less [-]Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle in the Irkutsk Region Full text
2020
Zakharova Olga | Toropova Nadezhda | Burova Olga | Titov Ilya | Meltsov Ivan | Blokhin Andrey
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a rare, under-explored lethal viral infection of cattle with gammaherpesvirus aetiological agents. Most often, the disease occurs on farms where cattle and sheep are kept together. However, other trigger mechanisms and environmental factors contribute. This study investigates the causation of MCF.
Show more [+] Less [-]Molecular characterisation of the Mycobacterium bovis causing bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Poland Full text
2020
Krajewska-Wędzina, Monika | Kozińska, Monika | Radulski, Łukasz | Lipiec, Marek | Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa | Weiner, Marcin | Szulowski, Krzysztof
Molecular characterisation of the Mycobacterium bovis causing bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Poland Full text
2020
Krajewska-Wędzina, Monika | Kozińska, Monika | Radulski, Łukasz | Lipiec, Marek | Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa | Weiner, Marcin | Szulowski, Krzysztof
Since 2009, Poland has been recognised as a country officially free of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), although in each year of the last five there were from 8 to 18 outbreaks of the disease. In 2008–2016, the largest number of cattle infected with bovine mycobacteria were eliminated in the Masovian Province (the central region of Poland) and the largest number of outbreaks of this zoonosis were recorded in this area. The close proximity of farms where bTB was found led to the suspicion that tuberculosis could have been transmitted between the affected herds. The aim of the study was the molecular characterisation of the pertinent M. bovis/caprae strains and determination of the epidemiological relationship of various bTB outbreaks. The material for microbiological tests came from 119 cattle (Bos taurus) from nine herds located in five provinces, neighbouring the Masovian Province. Laboratory tests of tissue material gave results confirming tuberculosis in 54 (45%) animals. All strains belonged to the Mycobacterium bovis species. A two-step analysis of genetic affinity allowed 50 strains to be identified as phylogenetically closely related and separated between three genetic clusters consisting of 2 to 27 strains. Based on the results of genotyping, bTB outbreaks were found in three herds, and three transmission chains were identified among these herds.
Show more [+] Less [-]Molecular characterisation of the Mycobacterium bovis causing bovine tuberculosis outbreaks in Poland Full text
2020
Krajewska-Wędzina Monika | Kozińska Monika | Radulski Łukasz | Lipiec Marek | Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa | Weiner Marcin | Szulowski Krzysztof
Since 2009, Poland has been recognised as a country officially free of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), although in each year of the last five there were from 8 to 18 outbreaks of the disease. In 2008–2016, the largest number of cattle infected with bovine mycobacteria were eliminated in the Masovian Province (the central region of Poland) and the largest number of outbreaks of this zoonosis were recorded in this area. The close proximity of farms where bTB was found led to the suspicion that tuberculosis could have been transmitted between the affected herds. The aim of the study was the molecular characterisation of the pertinent M. bovis/caprae strains and determination of the epidemiological relationship of various bTB outbreaks.
Show more [+] Less [-]