In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus the was studied the age-specific dynamics of content of total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, phospholipids, total iron and catalase activity in spleen of broiler chicken during the incubation period (1-46 days). The content of total lipids, total cholesterol, and phospholipids was at maximal level at one day-old age, and gradually lowered by the end of growing period. The amount of total iron in ontogeny increased till the 30 day-old age and a bit lowered by the end of growing period. In broilers with lower live weight the iron content in spleen was lower during the whole growing period. The catalase activity had a wave-like character and depended on prophylactic vaccinations undertaken and the amount of lipids in tissues.

On the basis of the spent research high enough preventive efficiency of Ehrakond application, low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field is defined that allows to recommend them for wide application in the program of immunocorrection of an organism of agricultural animals. At the first stage of the research in immune deficiency when in blood of newborn calves almost there are no antibodies, influence on biologically active points of an udder of cows (intensity 10 mW/square cm, expositions of seconds) has made positive impact on increase of immune properties of colostric milk. Use of immunostimulants Ehrakond also has increased immunocompetent properties of cow milk (7,5 mg on 1 kg of body weight once a day within 15 days). At feeding of colostrum the physiological condition, growth and development of calves have considerably improved. In the second (when colostric protection factors in an organism decline, and own organism forms them insufficiently) and the third (decrease in immune reactance at changes in feeding and the maintenance of calves) immune deficiency, application of immunostimulants Ehrakond and influence of low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field on reflexogenic zones on a young growth organism has made positive impact indices of natural resistance of calves. It has led to activization of factors of natural nonspecific protection of an organism that has considerably improved a physiological condition and has increased natural immunity of an organism to diseases. However, the best results on natural resistance, efficiency and safeties of calves have been reached at an irradiation at the BAP initial stage of a mammary gland at cows by low intensive laser radiation together with a constant magnetic field, with the subsequent bottle-feeding of the irradiated colostrum to newborn calves; in 10 days of a life to calves the preparation Ehrakond was entered. | На основании проведенных исследований определена достаточно высокая профилактическая эффективность применения Эраконда, низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, что позволяет рекомендовать их для широкого применения в программе иммунокоррекции организма сельскохозяйственных животных. На первом этапе исследований в период иммунного дефицита, когда в крови новорожденных телят почти отсутствуют иммуноглобулины, воздействие на биологически активные точки вымени коров (интенсивность 10 мВт/см2, экспозиции секунд) оказало положительное влияние на повышение иммунных свойств колострального молока. Использование иммуностимулятора Эраконд также повысило иммунокомпетентные свойства молока коров (7,5 мг на 1 кг живой массы один раз в сутки в течение 15 дней). При скармливании колострального молозива значительно улучшились физиологическое состояние, рост и развитие телят. В период второго (когда колостральные факторы защиты в организме угасают, а собственный организм образует их недостаточно) и третьего (снижение иммунной реактивности при изменениях в кормлении, содержании телят) иммунного дефицита, применение иммуностимулятора Эраконд и воздействие низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения совместно с постоянным магнитным полем на рефлексогенные зоны на теле молодняка оказало положительное влияние показатели естественной резистентности телят. Это привело к активизации факторов естественной неспецифической защиты организма, что значительно улучшило физиологическое состояние и повысило естественную невосприимчивость организма к болезням. Однако, наилучшие результаты по естественной резистентности, продуктивности и, сохранности телят были достигнуты при облучении на начальном этапе БАТ молочной железы у коров низкоинтенсивным лазерным излучением совместно с постоянным магнитным полем, с последующим выпаиванием облученного молозива новорожденным телятам; через 10 дней жизни телятам вводили препарат Эраконд.

Evaluation of antagonistic activity of strains of lactic and bifid bacteria, metabolite producers, as well as the treatment and prophylactic efficacy of Laktimet and Batsinil probiotics was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of study there were estimated 29 strains of lactic acid bacillus of different kinds, 13 strains of bifid bacteria and 35 strains of bacillus (Bac. subtilis and Bac. pumilis). There were studied 3 strains of bifid bacteria: Bifidobacterium adolescentis MS-42; Bifidobacterium adolescentis BIM V-01; Bifidobacterium adolescentis BIM V-87; 2 strains of lactic acid bacillus: Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis BIM V-132, Lactococcus casei subsp. rhamnosus BIM V-189; and 6 strains of Bacillus subtilis. Research results showed that the main part of the studied strains had steady antagonistic activity to test-cultures of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Zone of growth delay of test-cultures of the main quantity of strains (from 54 up to 92%) was from 11 up to 30. Research results showed that application of cell-free probiotics Laktimet and Batsinil promoted the increasing of resistance by means of increasing or lowering of total protein, insignificant increasing of blood serum bactericidal activity and increasing of phagocytic activity of leukocytes on 7,3%

Immunomorphological changes in young hens vaccinated with an associated inactivated emulsion vaccine against bursal disease, infectious bronchitis and Newcasle disease was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Replacement young hens of 130-158 days old were divided into 2 groups with 200 head in each according the analogue principle. At the age of 130 days old the first experimental group of chickens was immunized against bursal disease, infectious bronchitis and Newcasle disease with a liquid inactive emulsion vaccine (produced in the republic of Belarus) in dose of 0,5 ml intramuscularly. In course of the experiment chickens from each group were killed on the third, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first and twenty-eighth days. For the analysis of immunomorphological reaction there were tested tissue pieces from the places of vaccine administration, as well as thymus, bursa of Fabritius, lien, cecal tonsils and Garder's gland. Research results showed that in tissues in places of the vaccine administration there were developed hemorrhages, serous inflammatory edema, necrobiosis and necrosis of muscular fibers, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and moderate plasmocytic reaction. At a later stage at the places of damaged structures there was noted the development of granulation tissue with presence of some lymphoid nodules. In response to vaccination in the central organs of poultry immunity there was stated the sinuated changes of morphological indexes. Immunization of chickens against infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis and Newcasle disease promoted the increasing of absolute weight of lien, activation of blastic and plasmocytic reaction in bursa of Fabritius and lien and did not render substantial influence on immunomorphological indexes of cecal tonsils and Garder's gland

Morphological indexes in immune system organs of piglets which were vaccinated which were immunized by SPS vaccine (against salmonellosis (Salmonella), pasteurellosis (Pasteurella) and streptococcus) in combination with immunostimulative drugs and without them were studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Piglets of the first group were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and streptoccocusis by SPS vaccine. Piglets of the second group were vaccinated by SPS vaccine in combination with vitamin C. Piglets of the third group were vaccinated by SPS vaccine with immunotstimulant sodium thiosulphate. The fourth (control) group of animals was administrated with normal saline. Animals were immunized twice, intramuscularly with 7 day interval and in dose 4 ml (primary), 5 ml (secondary). Vitamin С was added in dose 0,05g per head. Research results showed that immunization by SPS vaccine with sodium thiosulphate and Vitamin С activated the morphological reaction of immune system. Application of Vitamin С and sodium thiosulphate (30% concentration) in combination with SPS vaccine promoted the increasing of lymphoid nudels in lymphodnudus and lien, increasing of plasma cells quantity in 1,3-2,2 times, activation of micro- and macrophage reaction in 1,5-2,8 times in comparison with vaccinated animals

Investigation of immunity of broiler chickens of Kobb-500 cross vaccinated by national associated viral vaccine and foreign (ABIC, Israel; Vitex XXI vek Seva) vaccines against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis was investigated in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of studies there was analyzed the content of immunoglobulin in blood serum, as well as the influence of living vaccines on immunity formation. Research results showed that broiler chickens immunization against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis by national and foreign vaccine produced by ABIC company made it possible to increase the phagocytic activity of pseudoeosinophils, bactericidalal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, that proved the activation of nonspecific protection factors. At the same time in blood serum there was stated the increasing of immunoglobulin number in 1,5-3,0 times in comparison with control groups. Economic efficiency of all analyzed vaccines was analyzed

Experimental application of a vaccine against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, and streptococcosis (SPS) for piglets of 30-35 days was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Research results showed that administrationof sodium thyosulphate and vitamin С in combination with SPS vaccine promoted the statistically-valid increasing of preventive properties of blood serum of piglets and increasing of titers of specific antibodies to agents of pasteurellosis and a salmonellosis in 1,3-2 times, as well as increasing in blood serum of quantity of immunoglobulins and to reduction of quantity of globulins.

The immune status of chickens, pigs and calves depends on the content of protective factors in incubatory egg, mother colostrum and timely transfer to their posterity. At young growth in postnatal ontogenesis it is allocated three age immune deficiencies. The first is connected with untimely receipt transovarian and colostoral factors of the protection, the second is caused by an expenditure of passively transferred protective factors of protection and immaturity of own immune system. The third age immune deficiency arises at sharp transfer of young growth into new type of feeding and concerns, first of all, disorders of local protection of a digestive path. Timely application the probiotic enterobifidin, baktril-2, bifidoflorin, developed by Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine together with Institute of microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, microbic polysaccharides salmopul and vistimulin, received together with Vitebsk biofactory, and also diamiksan allows to prevent development of immune deficiencies and on their background gastroenteric and respiratory diseases of young growth, to stimulate animal growth and to improve quality of meat production, decrease economic efficiency and ecological safety, considerably allows to reduce application of antimicrobic preparations (antibiotics, Sulfanilamidum, Nitrofuranums, etc.) | Иммунный статус цыплят, поросят и телят зависит от содержания защитных факторов в инкубационном яйце, молозиве матерей и своевременной передаче их потомству. У молодняка в постнатальном онтогенезе выделяется три возрастных иммунных дефицита. Первый связан с несвоевременным поступлением трансовариальных и колостральных факторов защиты, второй обусловлен расходованием пассивно перенесенных защитных факторов защиты и незрелостью собственной иммунной системы. Третий возрастной иммунный дефицит возникает при резком переводе молодняка на новый тип кормления и касается, прежде всего, нарушения местной защиты пищеварительного тракта. Своевременное применение пробиотиков энтеробифидина, бактрила-2, бифидофлорина, разработанных Витебской государственной академией ветеринарной медицины совместно с Институтом микробиологии НАН Беларуси, сальмопула и витстимулина, совместно полученных с Витебской биофабрикой микробных полисахаридов, а также диамиксана позволяет профилактировать развитие иммунных дефицитов и возникающих на их фоне желудочно-кишечных и респираторных болезней молодняка, стимулировать рост животных и улучшать качество мясной продукции, повышать экономическую эффективность и экологическую безопасность, значительно сократить применение противомикробных препаратов (антибиотиков, сульфаниламидов, нитрофуранов и др.)

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative studying of immune reactivity of broiler chickens immunized against Marek's disease by means of vaccines of Russian production. In course of the study it was established, that in broiler chickens vaccinated against Marek's disease (by means of cultural dry viral vaccine on the basis a virus of herpes of turkeys FS-126 and by liquid bivalent cultural virus vaccine Bimarek on the basis of strains of a herpes virus of turkeys and a herpes virus of hens) the revealed morphological changes in immune system organs of did not essentially differ and testified to the development of intense postvaccinal immunity. Economic efficiency of immunization of broiler chicken against Marek's disease under production conditions made 4,87 and 2,94 Belarusian roubles per 1 rouble of expenses, respectively. | Целью исследования явилось сравнительное изучение иммунной реактивности организма цыплят-бройлеров, иммунизированных против болезни Марека вакцинами российского производства. В ходе исследований установлено, что у цыплят-бройлеров, вакцинированных против болезни Марека культуральной сухой вирусвакциной из вируса герпеса индеек ФС-126 и жидкой бивалентной культуральной вирусвакциной Бимарек из штаммов вируса герпеса индеек и вируса герпеса кур выявленные морфологические изменения в органах иммунной системы существенно не отличаются и свидетельствуют о выработке напряженного поствакцинального иммунитета. Экономическая эффективность иммунизации цыплят против болезни Марека в производственных условиях составляет 4,87 и 2,94 рубля на 1 рубль затрат соответственно.

Results of studying of therapeutic efficiency of developed in the Republic of Belarus biological preparation of trial series against salmonellosis of animals and birds in the conditions of experimental salmonellosis of calves were presented. Research results showed that dualfold application of multivalent antitoxic serum against salmonellosis of calves, piglets and birds which was caused by association of S. Dublin, S. typhimurium, and S. enteritidis was accompanied by activation of humoral immunity. It was revealed in increasing of agglutinating activity of blood serum against S. enteritidis – in 11,5 times, against S. typhimurium – in 10,5 times, and against S. Dublin – in 10,0 times in 6 days after introduction of infection (4-th day after second application serum). Content of Ig M in blood serum calves which were treated with experimental serum increased in 2,0 times on the 6-th day after introduction of infection. Quantity of Ig G increased in 2,6 times by the 6-th day after introduction of infection. All these changes were typical for the clinical recovery of animals. Treatment efficiency of application of the analyzed serum was 75%