Outbreaks of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection in chicken flocks in Poland threaten birds’ health and lives and are rising in frequency. The risk of these infections in immunocompromised poultry flocks with developed clinical symptoms was analysed through virus detection in broiler chicks and correlation of cases with the birds’ immune strength.

One hundred and eighty Nile Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) with initial body weight (IBW) 28 ± 0.33 grams were used in the present experiment. The experiment was conducted in glass aquariums. Fish were stocked at a rate of 15 fish in each aquarium. Fish were allocated into four experimental groups (Each group includes three replicates) and one of them was used as a control. The control group was fed on a basal diet free from moringa leaves meal (MLM), whereas 2 nd, 3 rd and the 4 th group were fed on diets containing 3.0, 4.4 and 7.4 % MLM, in replacement of 10, 15 and 25 % of soybean meal (SBM), respectively (according to the percentage of crude protein in each). The experimental period lasted for 6 weeks (42 days). Parameters of growth efficiency, blood haematology, immune response, antioxidant status and histopathological changes in internal organs of Nile tilapia were used as indices for the study. The obtained results showed that MLM have high nutritive value. Inclusion of MLM in the fish diet at level 3.0 % or 4.4 %, significantly (P < 0.5) enhanced the growth performance indices of fish, including final live body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate (%) either after three or six weeks of feeding MLM diets compared with those fed the control diet. Fish fed 7.4 % MLM diet recorded the lowest growth performance traits compared with the control and those fed 3.0% or 4.4 MLM diets. The average of feed conversion ratio after 42 days; recorded:1.84, 1.58, 1.50 and 2.13 g feed per g gain, for fish groups fed the control, 3.0 %, 4.4 % and 7.4 % MLM diets, respectively. Survival rate (%) was improved with inclusion of MLM in the diet at level of 3.0 or 4.4 %, while it decreased with 7.4 % MLM diet. Significant improvement of immunity and antioxidant capacity of fish occurred with feeding MLM in the diet, where levels of IgM, lysozymes, RBCs, GPx, platelets (PLT) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly increased (p < 0.05 or 0.01), with exception that levels of NO and GPx were decreased in blood of fish fed 7.4 % MLM. The levels of WBCs and SOD were not affected significantly by feeding the experimental diets.

          The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleoforce® supplementation on the antioxidative status and the molecular expression of IGF-1, IL-1ß and IL-6 genes in broiler chickens. 240, one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four equal groups, each of which contained 60 birds and was divided into three replicates with 20 birds for each replicate. Birds in the first group fed basal diet and considered as a control group (C), whereas birds of the second (200N), third (350N), and fourth (500N) groups fed diet supplemented with 200, 350 and 500 g/ton nucleoforce®, respectively from zero day till the end of the experiment. At days 21 and 49 of age, two birds from each replicate were randomly chosen, slaughtered, and dissected to collect blood and tissue samples. The concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in serum were calculated as an indicator for the antioxidant status. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) in liver, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in spleen was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The obtained results revealed that the highest nucleoforce® concentration (500g/ton) resulted in time dependent significant increases in both SOD and GPx. This study also indicated that nucleotides supplementation resulted in significant up regulations of growth and immune related gene expression with the best results were obtained with the highest nucleotides concentration. In conclusion, dietary nucleoforce® inclusion can improve the performance of broiler chickens and enhance their antioxidative and immune status.

Objective: This research aimed to assess the effects of dried plantain herb, lemongrass, and their combination on milk yield, immunological, liver enzymatic, serum, and milk mineral status in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Twenty cows were arbitrarily assigned to 4 diets. Cows were given a basal ration considered as control diet (CL-D) having 14.93% crude protein (CP)and 10.96 MJ ME per kg dry matter (DM). Each cow was given 100 gm plantain, 100 gm lemongrass, and 50 gm plantain + 50 gm lemongrass with CL-D and taken as plantain diet (PT-D), lemongrass diet (LG-D), and plantain-lemongrass diet (PL-D), daily for 63 days, respectively. Blood and milk samples were taken four times at an interval of 14 days. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: Better DM consumption and milk yield were observed in the PT-D and LG-D compared to the CL-D (p &le; 0.05). LG-D improved the milk&apos;s total solids, protein, and fat compared to CL-D (p &lt; 0.05). Substantially, herbal groups improved serum albumin and reduced globulin concentrations compared to CL-D. LG-D had the highest serum immunoglobulin G, while herbal groups effectively reduced the liver enzymes compared to CL-D. Herbal groups did not affect serum and milk&apos;s calcium and phosphorus concentrations, while LG-D and PL-D substantially improved serum and milk zinc concentrations. Conclusions: Both plantain and lemongrass improved dairy cows&apos; DM consumption and milk yield. Plantain and/or lemongrass enhanced the immune system and liver health, but not serum and milk calcium and phosphorus level. Lemongrass and a combination of plantain and lemongrass increased the serum and milk zinc concentrations. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 185-193]

Objective: The experiment evaluated how Aloe vera gel (AVG) extract supplementation affected immune responses and physiological performances in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: 90-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared for 38 days without the addition of antibiotics, either through feed or water. At 10 days, chicks were allocated into three groups: A, B, and C (n = 30). Group A served as non-supplemented control. Groups B and C were administered aqueous extracts of AVG at 1.0% and 2.0%, respectively, with drinking water. Results: The supplementation of AVG potentiated the chicken immune response to Newcastle disease-vaccinated birds and sheep red blood cell-treated birds, which detected the highest antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and sRBC. The cellular immune response evaluated through a cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity test using phytohemagglutinin-P demonstrated a significant increase in skin thickness in AVG-supplemented birds. The relative sizes of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus) were significantly enhanced (p &lt; 0.05) among the groups. Broilers given AVG-1 and AVG-2 exhibited significantly greater (p &lt; 0.01) live body weight, dressing percentages, and serum protein and serum albumin levels. The supplemented groups experienced a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol values, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained unchanged. The dietary aqueous extracts of AVG are effective in enhancing innate and specific immunity. Conclusion: This work strengthens the perspective of the use of AVG as an immune stimulant to facilitate recovery from immune suppression states, enhance innate and specific immunity, and improve broiler growth performance. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 40-46]