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Effect of mimicking prepartum concentration of estradiol-17 beta on the inflammatory response to endotoxin in gilts
1994
Magnusson, U. | Holst, H. | Kindahl, H. | Karlsson, A.
The effect of mimicking prepartum concentration of estradiol-17 beta on the inflammatory response to endotoxin in gilts was studied. The study was performed in a split-litter design and comprised 5 pairs of littermates. A catheter was inserted into the jugular vein 2 days prior to the start of the study. In each pair, 1 littermate was treated IM with 2.5 mg of estradiol-17 beta/75 kg of body weight, and the other littermate was given peanut oil IM as a control. The day after treatment, all gilts were challenge-exposed with a Salmonella typhimurium-derived endotoxin (1 microgram/kg, IV) and the inflammatory response to challenge exposure was monitored. There was no effect of estradiol treatment on the transient clinical signs of endotoxemia or on the increase in rectal temperature. The increase in blood concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha, metabolite and cortisol after endotoxin challenge exposure was not affected by estradiol. Decrease in number of circulating blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was not changed by estradiol treatment. Taken together, mimicking prepartum concentration of estradiol did not affect either the magnitude or the kinetics of the inflammatory response to endotoxin in gilts. Relevance of these findings to development of endotoxin-mediated diseases, such as the postpartum agalactia syndrome, needs further study.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of dietary supplementation of fructo-oligosaccharides on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in dogs
1994
Willard, M.D. | Simpson, R.B. | Delles, E.K. | Cohen, N.D. | Fossum, T.W. | Kolp, D. | Reinhart, G.
Sixteen IgA-deficient German Shepherd Dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth were randomized into 2 groups. One group was fed a chicken-based kibble diet; the other was fed the same diet, but with 1% fructo-oligosaccharides supplemented at the expense of cornstarch. After being exposed to the diets for 46 to 51 days, the group that ate the supplemented diet had significantly (P = 0.04) fewer aerobic/facultative anaerobic bacterial colony-forming units in fluid from the duodenum/proximal part of the jejunum, as well as in the duodenal mucosa. We could not detect significant differences in the species of bacteria found in the intestine of these 2 groups of dogs. We conclude that at least some dietary carbohydrates can affect small intestinal bacterial populations in dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Show more [+] Less [-]Enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves
1994
McDonough, S.P. | Stull, C.L. | Osburn, B.I.
Observations were made on development of diarrhea in special-fed calves (n = 460) on 8 commercial facilities during 2 successive 16-week production cycles at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16. A total of 23% were affected, with peak number of calves with diarrhea observed at week 0. Suspected enteropathogens were identified in 86% of these calves, most commonly cryptosporidia, coronavirus, and rotavirus. Identified potential zoonotic pathogens included Giardia and Salmonella spp and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 6 calves that had repeated bouts of illness. Only 22% of calves entering the veal facilities had adequate transfer of passive immunity. At week 0, serum IgG concentration in calves that subsequently died or had diarrhea was lower (P < 0.001) than that in healthy calves. All calves that died (n = 6) during the first 4 weeks of production had complete failure of transfer of passive immunity.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts-(2)-Investigations in golden hamsters
1994
Rhee, J.K. | Kim, H.C. | Park, B.K. | Lee, C.H. (Chonbuk National University, Chonju (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine)
Effect of immunosuppression on Ascaris suum infection in undefinitive hosts-(3)-Investigations in mice
1994
Rhee, J.K. | Park, B.K. | Jang, B.G. | Yook, S.Y. (Chonbuk National University, Chonju (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine)