The measurement was investigated with 18 heads of fetus (60, 90, 120 days of gestation) and neonate in Korean native goats. The crown-rump length of fetuses at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 8.71, 20.83, 31.10 and 34.93 cm, respectively. The length of small intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 32.28, 157.10, 303.52 and 475.06 cm, respectively. The length of large intestine at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 9.20, 37.70, 82.06 and 94.46 cm, respectively. The head length at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 2.93+-0.07, 6.67+-0.13, 8.84+-0.51 and 9.76+-0.44 cm, respectively. The width of the head at 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonate was 2.20+-0.13, 4.45+-0.11, 5.33+-0.20 and 5.51+-0.32 cm, respectively.

A 19-day-old, male crossbreed kid with complications of difficulty in urination was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Aydin Adnan Menderes University. A purple thin-walled, fluid-filled structure was noticed on the ventral midline and was associated with the prepuce. The cystic structure was sharply incised, and the incision was extended from the most cranial to the most caudal extent of the dilatation. Penile urethral diverticulectomy was performed by the guidance of the urethral catheter. Postoperative attempts at urination resulted in free-flowing streams, and the kid did not have strangury. Sutures and urethral catheter were removed 10 days after surgery.

Enterotoxemia was induced in 4 lambs and 4 goat kids by continuous intraduodenal infusion of a whole culture of Clostridium perfringens type D. Clinical signs, hematologic values, biochemical alterations, and postmortem lesions in the lambs and goat kids were compared. The 4 lambs and 4 goat kids died within 25 hours of beginning the infusions. Lesions were not observed in the gastrointestinal tract of the 4 lambs; however, severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was found in the 4 goat kids. This difference between the lambs and goat kids in the lesions caused by experimentally induced enterotoxemia may explain the discrepancies reported between sheep and goats in clinical signs, response to treatment, and efficacy of vaccination observed in naturally induced enterotoxemia in the 2 species.

Electrodiagnostic visual testing (electroretinogram [ERG] and visual-evoked potential [VEP]) was performed on 5 ruminants (3 lambs, 1 kid, and 1 steer) with thiamine-responsive polioencephalomalacia (PEM) and on 2 sheep with listeriosis. The lambs and kid had typical clinical signs of PEM, especially blindness. In these animals, the ERG was normal but the VEP was abnormal. Follow-up recordings in the kid and 1 lamb indicated an improvement in VEP recordings accompanying a gradual return of vision after thiamine treatment. Possible subtle changes in VEP peak latencies could not be assessed because of lack of normative VEP data for sheep and goats. All animals had complete return of vision (owner-assessed). The steer did not have signs of blindness, and the ERG and VEP were normal. Changes in VEP accompanying permanent PEM blindness are not known. One sheep with suspected listeriosis had lack of menace response and palpebral and corneal reflexes, but had intact vision. The ERG and VEP were normal. The second sheep with suspected listeriosis had intact menace response and vision, but became acutely blind and died; the ERG was normal, but VEP amplitudes were depressed.

A study was undertaken to understand the variations in physiological parameters \{Rectal Temperature (RT), Respiration Rate (RR) and Heart Rate (HR)\} in eight lambs (Patanwadi and Marwari)and six kids (Surti). The parameters were recorded on day 0 (day of birth) and days 3, 10 and 30 of age.Rectal Temperature (ºF) was found to be significantly low in both lambs (102.41) and kids (101.97) at birth as compared to the values recorded at later stages. On day 3 of age, the rectal temperature values were significantly higher in lambs than in kids, but at par on other stages. Respiration rate (no./min) and heart rate were significantly high on the day of birth and day 3 of age in both lambs and kids and dropped significantly with advancing age. Heart rate in kids (295.67) was significantly higher than in lambs (255) on day of birth,only.