The current study was aimed to investigate the influence of housing system on female reproductive traits of Black Bengal goats at rural areas in Bangladesh during the period of July to December 2012. A total of 200 Black Bengal goats reared under semi-intensive (n=100) and extensive conditions (n=100) were selected considering their age, body weight, body shape, and conformation. In semi-intensive condition, average age at puberty was 197.82±12.58 days, and age at first conception was 292.96±0.50 days; whereas, these lengths were 208.82±12.60 days and 287.65±0.52 days in extensive condition, respectively. Age at first kidding was 448.26±25.48 days under semi-intensive condition, whereas under extensive condition it was 450.07±22.43 days. Under semi-intensive condition, average litter size at the first, second and third parity were 1.06±0.13, 1.76±0.12 and 1.96±0.12, respectively. In contrast, under extensive condition, these values were 1.01±0.10, 1.62±0.12 and 1.75±0.11, respectively. The average kidding interval under semi-intensive system was 190.2±20 days, and the length reduced to 178.23±0.50 days (p<0.01) in the case of extensive housing system. It is concluded that rearing under extensive condition provoked better reproductive performance in Black Bengal goats as compared to semi-intensive housing system at rural level in Bangladesh.

Objectives: Poultry production in rural areas is considered as an important source of livelihood for most rural communities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the major factors affecting production of rural poultry in three senatorial districts in North Central Nigeria namely Kwara Central, Kwara South and Kwara North.. Materials and Methods: The major factors affecting production of rural poultry were investigated using structured questionnaire to gather data on health and management practices between January to December 2014. Results: The socio-economic characteristics of respondents showed that majority of rural poultry farmers are women and illiterate, that sourced fund from their personal savings, relations and friends. The study also showed that seasonal variation and disease significantly influenced poultry production and its marketability. Conclusion: There is the need to put in place enabling environment to encourage commercialization of rural poultry production in Nigeria and globally. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(1.000): 79-83]

Forty adult Friesian cows were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia with primary complain of lameness. Upon physical examination of the cows, open wounds were found at the distal limbs, dorsal hoof, knee joint, metacarpal region, and udder. Based on history, clinical observation and physical examination, the cause of the lameness was diagnosed as of non-infectious origin; the cattle were affected with chemical burn originated from exposure to lime. The affected cattle were treated similarly to that of the line of open wound treatment; the wound was cleaned with topical application of the mixture of dermapred-iodine-benacillin. Flunixin meglumine dosed at 2.2 mg/kg bwt and Oxytetracycline dosed at 20 mg/kg bwt were given intramuscularly as anti-inflammatory and prophylactic antibiotic, respectively. This case report describes diagnosis of the cause of lameness, and its management in cattle herd caused by lime toxicity for the first time in Malaysia.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age, sex, location and management on cattle mortality rate in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 8 districts of Rajshahi division during July 2011 to June 2012. A total of 17,982 cattle heads were investigated based on age, sex, area. Data were collected from the cattle owners using a closed structured questionnaire. Tentative cause of cattle mortality was identified based on clinical signs, laboratory tests, history, ante-mortem and postmortem reports. Management practices of the cattle were also investigated. Results: Out of 17,982 cattle heads, 549 were found to be dead by various diseases, and an average mortality rate was 3.05%. Age-wise mortality rate of cattle revealed that the maximum mortality rate was found in the age group of <2 years (3.90%) and minimum was found in age group 2 to <8 years (2.36%). Sex-wise splitting data showed that the higher mortality rate was observed in the female (3.15%) than the male (2.90%). Area-wise cattle mortality rate revealed that Rajshahi (3.29%), Natore (2.84%), Chapai Noawabganj (3.77%), Naogaon (3.48%), Bogra (2.57%), Joypurhat (2.84%), Pabna (1.84%) and Sirajganj (3.06%). The significantly highest (P<0.05) cattle mortality rate was found in Chapai Noawabgonj district (3.77%) and lowest was in Pabna district (1.84%). There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between the cattle mortality rate in Natore district (2.84%) and Joypurhat districts (2.84%). Conclusion: The overall mortality rate of cattle in Rajshahi division was found comparatively low. This might be due to improved management practices, better veterinary services, and awareness among farmers. However, cattle mortality rate in the age group <2-year is alarming due to bad management practices and disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(1.000): 13-17]

A urethral stricture disease (USD), which is a restriction of the urethra brought on by scarring, effectively blocks the lower urinary system. By impairing the patient's capacity to pee, harming the entire urinary tract, and interfering with kidney function, this blockage can drastically diminish the patient's quality of life. Because of this, it is essential that urethral strictures, which can affect both men and women, are swiftly diagnosed and appropriately treated. Urethral stricture disease can be caused by iatrogenic injuries, due to idiopathic reasons, traumatic origin or due to inflammation. In this review we would like to throw the light on USD etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

In an effort to increase profitability, sows have been systematically selected for higher litter sizes. That may have led to an increase in pre-weaning mortality. To improve new-born survival, sows should be taken cared of stringently, especially the housing system and the sows’ nutritional management in both the gestation and the farrowing houses. Additionally, the sows’ reluctance to drink water after giving birth and the sow induction at the farrowing house can negatively affect both the new-born piglets and farrowed sows. Also inevitable is the extended farrowing duration associated with exceptionally large litters. Therefore, assistance during farrowing time is essential. The importance of colostrum intake should also be emphasized and that piglets should be fostered, if needed, to ensure that they have teats to suckle on. Moreover, milk replacer and creep feeding are also helpful options to aid in piglet’s nutrition requirement. Last but not least, farm caretakers who look after the piglets should be well-trained. This study looked into some strategies to improve piglet survivability by pointing out details in the routine activities at the farm.

Studies to elucidate the magnitude of mites problem in pigs, its distribution and the possible risk factors associated with infestation are lacking in Lesotho. A cross sectional study was conducted from 138 pigs selected from 70 households to determine the prevalence of pig mites and its associated risk factors. The structured questionnaires were administered to gather information from 70 pig farmers on pig management and potential risk factors for mite infestation. Binary logistic regression within SPSS (20.00) was used for determining the prevalence of mites in different parameters. Out of 138 pigs examined 91 (65.9%) tested positive for Sarcoptes scabiei. Female (56.5%) pigs were significantly (p<0.05) more infected than males (11.5%). The prevalence of mites differed significantly (p<0.05) between different age groups where young (41.4%) pigs had higher infection than adult pigs (26.5%). In terms of body regions, there was no statistical significant variation on the prevalence of mites between the back (53.6%) and the flanks (50.0%) however, both of these rates were significantly higher than the prevalence rate recorded for the ears (26.1%). It is concluded that pig mites represent a common health problem whereby sex, age and body region are important risk factors associated with infestation.