This study evaluated (a) the efficacy of an association between injectable antibiotic therapy and sealant (ATBS) on milk yield (MY), somatic cell count (SCC), and prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI); and (b) the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on follicular cyst (FCs) resolution (cyclicity at the 45th day in milk; DIM) and cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) in heifers submitted to a lactation induction protocol (LIP). A total of 114 crossbred (Holstein × Jersey) heifers, with 34.7 ± 4.8 months and 439 ± 56.35 kg were submitted to LIP. On the 5th day of the LIP, the heifers were assigned to (i) ATBS (n = 57) with 7 mg/kg of norfloxacin associated with sealant and (ii) Control 1 (n = 57; CONT1) with no treatments. Lactation began on the 21st day of LIP and the 15th DIM, FCs were diagnosed and 106 heifers were randomized into two treatment groups with 53 heifers each: (i) GnRH (5 mL injectable GnRH) and (ii) Control 2 (CONT2; no treatment). Of the 114 heifers initially induced, 83.33% (n = 95) responded to LIP with an average MY of 15.19 kg/milk/day during 22 weeks of lactation. In the first 14 DIM, the IMI prevalence was 18% and 28% for heifers ATBS and CONT1 treated, respectively. Additionally, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. Mammary quarters that received ATBS treatment had a lower risk of IMI and SCC than CONT1. The cyclicity at 45 DIM was 68% (ATBS) and 35% (CONT1), and 57% and 46% for animals in the GnRH and CONT2. CPR was 60% in the ATBS group and 89% in CONT1, but GnRH treatment did not affect the CPR. In conclusion, LIP was effective in stimulating MY in heifers, and the IMI prevalence decreased with ATBS treatment. Also, the use of GnRH did not affect the FC regression, cyclicity at 45 DIM, and CPR.

The twinning rate in a herd of Holstein dairy cattle and its effect on lactation and calf performance was investigated by using records of 5815 calving events. Data from twin calving Holstein cows in (TEC-DAP) farm in Al-Fayum Governorate between January 1997 and April 2008 were compared to those giving singles to study the differences in subsequent milk yield, previous and subsequent lactation and dry period length, as well as calf performance. The obtained average twinning rate was 1.4% during the period of the study. Cows giving twins had a significantly (p<0.01) lower daily, peak and 305-d milk yields than those with singles. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in previous and subsequent lactation and dry period length between cows calving twins or singles. Calves born as twins were significantly (p<0.005) lighter at birth and weaning time than single calves, whereas total birth weight and total weaning weight were significantly (p<0.005) increased for twins than singles. Daily body weight gain from birth to weaning was significantly lower (p<0.005) for twin than single calves. Twinning in dairy cattle has a negative depressive effect on subsequent milk yield. Calf weight produced at weaning per cow calving can be increased in cows producing twins relative to cows producing singles. Alleviation of twinning constraints including dystocia, reduced calf survival and low reproductive performance requires improved management practices and early diagnosis of cows gestating twins in order to provide higher nutritive requirements in the last trimester of gestation and proper timing of drying off, and for higher assistance requirements at parturition. Thus, due to the increased disadvantages which did not offset the additional returns earned by calves, twinning in dairy cattle via selection or artificial induction appears not to be desirable.

Objectives: Aimless use of anti-microbials for the treatment of uterine diseases has driven the rise of safe strains. Subsequently, within the current consider, the viability of post calving tonic (PCT) was assessed in vivo for the treatment of post calving complications in dairy cattle. Materials and Methods: The placentas of 10 chosen post-calved dairy animals with a history of postpartum complications primarily held placentas were drenched with PCT 250 ml twice a day for 2 successive days. The evaluation parameters, viz., time taken for removal of lochia, placenta, involution of the uterus and estrus come back time, body condition score, and milk yield have been analyzed to assess the efficacy of PCT in post calved dairy bovines. Results: The results depicted that following the administration of PCT, the mean time taken for expulsion of uterine discharge (lochia), placenta, time taken for the involution of the uterus, and estrus come back time was 86 and 10 h, 30 and 36 days, respectively. Additionally, the administration of PCT 250 ml twice daily for 2 consecutive days to the post-calved dairy cows caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in milk yield. Conclusion: It was apparent that PCT encourages the unconstrained removal of held placenta through its ecbolic movement and advances uterine discharge exercises. In addition, PCT supplementation caused augmentation of milk yield in post calved dairy cows. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(4.000): 650-655]

The Present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of B. cereus in milk and some milk Products and its survival in yoghurt and Damietta cheese. A total of 100 samples of raw milk, Pasteurized milk, Damietta cheese and yoghurt (25 for each) were collected from supermarkets in Assiut city and were examined for isolation of B. cereus. It was isolated from 24, 32, 68 and 20% of the tested samples, respectively. All the isolated strains were confirmed positive for B. cereus except one strain for each raw milk and Damietta cheese. 14.7%, 85.3, 50.0 and 76.5% of the confirmed strains were carried Ces, Nhe, Hbl and cytK genes. Concerning its survival in yoghurt, there was a significant difference between the effect of yoghurt and acidophilus yoghurt on B. cereus growth, where the organism remained viable to the 9th day in yoghurt and failed to be isolated at the 5th day in yoghurt with probiotics. In case of Damietta cheese, 2 and 5% salt were more favorable for the pathogen growth, while 10% salt was inconvenient for its growth. In addition, the inhibitory effect of thyme essential oil was more obvious than the effect of rosemary EO, where the bacterial population was decreased to a count of 2.05 and 2.46 log cfu/ g. at the 2nd week in case of addition of 1.65% thyme EO and could not be detected at the 4th week, whereas the organism could survive to the 6th week in case of rosemary. In conclusion, strict hygienic measures must be implemented during the manufacture of dairy products and addition of biopreservatives to control B. cereus growth is substantial.

Objective: This research aimed to assess the effects of dried plantain herb, lemongrass, and their combination on milk yield, immunological, liver enzymatic, serum, and milk mineral status in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Twenty cows were arbitrarily assigned to 4 diets. Cows were given a basal ration considered as control diet (CL-D) having 14.93% crude protein (CP)and 10.96 MJ ME per kg dry matter (DM). Each cow was given 100 gm plantain, 100 gm lemongrass, and 50 gm plantain + 50 gm lemongrass with CL-D and taken as plantain diet (PT-D), lemongrass diet (LG-D), and plantain-lemongrass diet (PL-D), daily for 63 days, respectively. Blood and milk samples were taken four times at an interval of 14 days. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: Better DM consumption and milk yield were observed in the PT-D and LG-D compared to the CL-D (p &le; 0.05). LG-D improved the milk&apos;s total solids, protein, and fat compared to CL-D (p &lt; 0.05). Substantially, herbal groups improved serum albumin and reduced globulin concentrations compared to CL-D. LG-D had the highest serum immunoglobulin G, while herbal groups effectively reduced the liver enzymes compared to CL-D. Herbal groups did not affect serum and milk&apos;s calcium and phosphorus concentrations, while LG-D and PL-D substantially improved serum and milk zinc concentrations. Conclusions: Both plantain and lemongrass improved dairy cows&apos; DM consumption and milk yield. Plantain and/or lemongrass enhanced the immune system and liver health, but not serum and milk calcium and phosphorus level. Lemongrass and a combination of plantain and lemongrass increased the serum and milk zinc concentrations. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(1.000): 185-193]