In order to investigate the renal pathology of spontaneously occurring renal lesions, basic macroscopic inspection was conducted to 3,850 pigs randomly collected from local slaughter houses, and a total of 355 pigs (9.2 %) were detected with various gross pathological conditions. Renal morphologic patterns for gross lesions were classified histopathologically as 123 (34.5 %) congestion, 81 (22.8 %) acute interstitial nephritis, 52 (14.7 %) chronic interstitial nephritis, 49 (13.8 %) hemorrhage, 39 (11.0 %) renal cyst, 29 (8.2 %) chronic glomerulonephritis, 18 (5.1 %) acute glomeruonephritis, 14 (3.9 %) infarction, 11 (3.1 %) thrombosis, 5 (1.4 %) atrophy, 5 (1.4 %) pyelonephritis and 1 (0.3 %) lymphosarcoma.

Nine 7-month-old Beagle dogs were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae of Dirofilaria immitis. The development of cardiac disease secondary to heartworm infection was confirmed by thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and angiography with blood pressure measurements. The only indication of renal disease was mild-to-moderate proteinuria. The dogs were euthanatized approximately 18 months after inoculation. The mean microfilarial count in blood at the time of euthanasia was 88,700/ml, with a mean of 89 adult heartworms in the vena cavae, heart, and pulmonary arteries. The kidneys were perfused for microangiographic and correlative histologic examination of the intrarenal microvasculature and associated renal morphologic features. Angiograms of whole kidneys from 6 dogs revealed attenuation or truncation of the major renal vessels. Microangiograms of all kidney slices revealed attenuation in the microangiographic appearance of the glomerular capillaries. Histologic examination of all kidney slices revealed mild-to-intense, diffuse, chronic interstitial nephritis and generalized membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Microfilariae were observed within the glomerular capillaries and the medullary vessels. The microangiographic changes correlated with and were explained in part by the histologic changes in the renal parenchyma.

A 4-year-old Holstein cow with progressive atrophy and ataxia was submitted for diagnosis. The postmortem examination revealed multifocal yellowish nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma and vegetative masses in the mitral and tricuspid valve of the heart. Both kidneys were severely enlarged, with multiple yellow nodules on the parenchyma. Histopathologically, pulmonary abscesses, vegetative endocarditis, suppurative glomerulonephritis, and fibrino-purulent arthritis were observed. The tiny β-hemolytic bacterial colonies were isolated from the lesions and identified as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum by the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux, USA). This is the first documented report of an A. haemolyticum infection in a Holstein cow in Korea.

OBJECTIVE To compare a ventral and a left lateral endoscopic approach to coelioscopy in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). ANIMALS 18 adult bearded dragons. PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover design involving 2 surgical approaches, anesthetized bearded dragons first underwent coelioscopy with a ventral approach (left lateral of midline next to the umbilicus; animal positioned in dorsal recumbency) or left lateral approach (intercostal; animal positioned in right lateral recumbency) and then with the alternate approach. A 2.7-mm × 18-cm, 30° oblique telescope with a 4.8-mm operating sheath and CO2 insufflation at 2 to 5 mm Hg were used. Ease of entry into the coelom and ease of visual examination of visceral structures were scored. RESULTS Both approaches were straightforward, with the left lateral approach requiring significantly more time than the ventral approach. Scores for ease of visual examination for the heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, pancreas, gallbladder, left kidney, gonads, and fat body were good to excellent. Visual examination of the spleen and adrenal glands was difficult in most animals via either approach. The left kidney, testis, and vas deferens were easier to see with the left lateral approach, whereas the pancreas in females and gallbladder in both sexes were easier to see with the ventral approach. All bearded dragons recovered without complications from the procedures, except for one with nephritis, renal gout, and hepatic necrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both coelioscopy approaches could be safely and effectively used in bearded dragons. Choice of approach should be based on the coelomic structures requiring evaluation.

Effects of immunosuppression were compared in newly hatched chickens given cyclophosphamide (CY) after inoculation with avian nephritis virus (ANV). All CY-treated infected chickens died within 13 days after inoculation of the virus and had heavy urate deposits throughout the body. However, non-CY-treated infected, CY-treated noninfected, and non-CY-treated noninfected control chickens survived through the observation period. In a chronologic study, the value of serum uric acid in CY-treated infected chickens was more than 3 times higher than that in non-CY-treated infected chickens, and more than 9 times higher than in noninfected chickens. Serum uric acid values were coincident with the positive degree of ANV antigen in the tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys and with the severity of renal degeneration. Serologic and immunohistologic examinations did not reveal detectable antibody and IgG- and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and kidneys of CY-treated infected chickens. However, non-CY-treated infected chickens had an increased number of IgM- and IgG-containing cells and antibody against ANV on postinoculation day 6. These findings demonstrated that CY treatment enhanced the susceptibility of chickens to ANV infection.

Total 160 head of porcine kidneys were examined for gross and histopathological lesions and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Leptospira species and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Grossly, 137 kidneys (85.6%) had lesions characterized by the presence of the scattered white foci. Microscopically, multifocal interstitial nephritis, which classified into 4 grades such as, no lesion (Score 0), mild lesion (Score 1), moderate lesion (Score 2) and severe chronic lesion (Score 3) with fibrosis, was observed in 159 cases (99.4%).

Histopathological changes were studied in Swiss albino mice (N:36)which were challenged with the South Indian local strain of Trypanosoma evansi. Each animal was infected with 5×105 trypanosomes intraperitoneally. The animals were examined daily for development of clinical signs and infection status by wet blood-films made from the tail veins. The infected mice were dull and depressed from two days post-infection (DPI) onwards. Systematic post-mortem examination of the infected mice was performed and pathological changes were recorded. The different tissue samples were collected in 10% formalin and were used to study the histopathological changes. Postmortem examination from 3-4 DPI (the maximum period of observation) revealed splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, marked congestion of lungs, presence of fl uid in peritoneal cavity. Histopathologically, heart muscles showed hyaline degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Liver parenchyma revealed congestion of central vein and sinusoids, binucleated hepatocytes and fatty change of hepatic cells. Thickening of interstitial space with mononuclear infiltration, areas of collapse, areas of emphysema, edema and dilated and congested blood vessels were the histopathological changes noticed in the lungs of the infected mice. In the spleen, giant cells aggregation, hyperplasia, thickening of capsule and trabecule were the changes indicating irreversible degeneration. The affected kidney showed inter-tubular hemorrhages in the cortex, medullary hemorrhages, congested glomerulus, atrophied glomerulus, desquamated tubular epithelium and disruption of renal tubules at some places.