The efficacy of two methods of spraying of acaricides on tick-infested sheep and goats was assessed. Two pyrethroid acaricides, 0.15% sumicidin and 0.20% butox were sprayed on individual animal one by one or on group of ten animals kept in small enclosures at a time, totally involving 40 sheep and 40 goats for each method. The efficacy, as seen from the total efficacy score (TES) of the former method of spraying, was found to be higher than the latter. But the advantages of the group spraying were that it saved the time in spraying and the quantity of acaricidal emulsion.

A ocorrência de ovinos sororreagentes ao vírus da Leucemia Bovina (VLB) pelo teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) utilizando o antígeno gp51 foi avaliada no período de 2005-2007, em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Amostras foram colhidas de ovinos dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Maranhão, Pará, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Rondônia e Acre. Duas em 35 cabanhas (5,7%) e dois em 2592 ovinos (0,077%) foram soropositivos. Os únicos animais com anticorpos contra o VLB eram fêmeas, uma com 13 meses de idade e da raça Santa Inês e a outra não se conhecia a idade e raça, ambas provenientes do Estado de São Paulo. A distribuição da soropositividade na população estudada demonstrou ser rara a infecção pelo VLB em ovinos no Brasil. | Occurrence of seropositive sheep (Ovis aries) to Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) by agar-gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) using the antigen gp51 was surveyed for the period 2005-2007. Samples were collected from sheep in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná, São Paulo, Pernambuco, Maranhão, Pará, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, and Acre. Two of 35 (5.7%) flocks were seropositive to BLV, and the rate of seropositive animals was 0.077% (two of 2,592). The two seropositive sheep were female, one 13-month old Santa Inês breed and other of unknown age and breed, both from the state of São Paulo. Distribution of BLV in the ovine population studied proved to be a rare event in Brazil.

No presente trabalho, foi testado o efeito da esquila pré-parto na condição corporal (BCS), no peso de cordeiros ao nascer e no seu desenvolvimento. O grupo experimental foi constituído de 64 ovelhas com 3 anos, cruzas Border Leicester x Texel (49-54 kg), encarneiradas em março, foram divididas, aos 74 dias de gestação, em dois grupos de 32 cada. As ovelhas foram mantidas em campo nativo, 5 ovelhas/ha, com disponibilidade aproximada de 800 kg/ha. Aos 74 dias de gestação, um grupo foi esquilado (S) e o outro foi mantido não esquilado (US). A BCS dos dois grupos foi avaliada no início do experimento (P74), P108 e P135 dias de gestação e aos 15 e 24 dias da lactação. Foi também coletado o peso dos cordeiros ao nascer e a duas e três semanas da lactação. Observou-se uma redução na BCS média das ovelhas, de ambos os grupos, durante a gestação e lactação. O grupo S experimentou uma redução significativamente mais severa (P &lt; 0,05) na BCS. A BCS média desse grupo decresceu de 3,3 no dia P74 para 1,79 e 1,22 nos dias P135 e L24. No mesmo período, os valores da BCS média do grupo US foram de 3,11, 2,19 e 1,21. Ao nascer, o peso dos cordeiros, de ovelhas S foi 0,71 kg maior (P &lt; 0,05) do que o dos cordeiros de ovelhas do grupo US. Não houve diferença entre o ganho de peso dos cordeiros dos dois grupos medido a duas e três semanas de vida. O aumento no peso ao nascer dos cordeiros produzido pela esquila das ovelhas durante a gestação, descrito nesse trabalho, poderá reduzir a mortalidade perinatal de cordeiros, especialmente em anos com escassez de pastagem que pode resultar em uma BCS crítica durante a gestação. Os resultados sugerem também que atenção especial deverá ser dada a BCS das ovelhas durante a gestação, prática que não é comum no Sul do Brasil. | In this work the effects of pre-lamb shearing on the ewe body condition scores (BCS) and lamb birth weights and growth rates were examined. A flock of 64, three year old Border Leicester x Texel ewes (49-54 kg), exposed to rams in March were divided, on day 74 of pregnancy, into two groups each of 32 ewes. The ewes grazed together, on natural pampas grass, at a stoking rate of five ewes/ha and a pasture availability of approximately 800 kg DM/ha. One group was shorn (S), at day 74 of pregnancy (P74) and the other was left unshorn (US). The BCS of the S and US ewes were assessed at the beginning of the experiment (P74), P108 and P135, as well as at lactation (L) on days L15 and L24. The lamb birth weights, and weights at 2 and 3 weeks of life were also recorded. Both groups of ewes showed a marked reduction of BCS during gestation and lactation periods. The S group experienced a significantly (P < 0.05) more severe reduction of BCS. This dropped from 3.3 score units at P74 to 1.79 and 1.22 at P135 and L24. The BCS of the US group were 3.11, 2.19 and 1.21 score units respectively at these times. Shearing pre-lambing increased mean lamb birth weight by 0.71 kg and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no effects on the lamb weight gain measured at two and three weeks of life. The increase in lamb birth weight produced by shearing ewes during pregnancy, described in this paper, could reduce the lamb perinatal mortality, especially in years with a low forage supply, leading to a critical BCS during gestation. The results suggested also that close attention should be given to the BCS of the ewe flock during pregnancy, a practice that is not common in the southern areas of Brazil.

As micotoxicoses são grandes causadoras de perdas produtivas em ruminantes, sendo aflatoxina (AFLA) e zearalenona (ZEA) as principais micotoxinas encontradas em alimentos conservados. Estas micotoxinas apresentam efeito sobre o metabolismo animal, através da ação anabólica de metabólitos da ZEA, bem como pelas lesões hepáticas causadas pela AFLA. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do adsorvente glucomanano modificado sobre parâmetros metabólicos de ovelhas submetidas a dietas contendo AFLA e ZEA. Foram utilizadas 34 fêmeas divididas em 6 grupos (ZEA; ZEA + ADS; AFLA; AFLA + ADS; CONTROLE + ADS; CONTROLE), recebendo 1,0 mg/kg de ZEA, 1,5 mg/kg de AFLA e/ou 2 kg/ton de adsorvente. A ZEA diminuiu os níveis séricos de glicose, em relação ao CONTROLE (p &lt; 0,05), porém, o adsorvente não influenciou os níveis de glicose, não havendo diferença entre os grupos ZEA e ZEA + ADS. A ZEA aumentou os níveis de AST e GGT em relação ao grupo CONTROLE (p &lt; 0,05), sendo que os níveis de AST foram superiores no grupo ZEA (p &lt; 0,05), quando comparado ao grupo ZEA + ADS. Ainda, a aflatoxina causou uma redução nos níveis de albumina, em relação aos valores fisiológicos de ovinos. Assim, a partir destes resultados pode-se concluir que a ZEA causou alterações metabólicas em ovinos, bem como o glucomanano modificado foi eficiente em reduzir a possível agressão hepática causada por esta micotoxina, demonstrada pela diminuição nos níveis de AST. | The micotoxicoses are causing great losses of production in ruminants, being aflatoxin (AFLA) and zearalenone (ZEA) the major mycotoxins found in foods preserved. These mycotoxins have effect on the metabolism animal through the anabolic action of metabolites of the ZEA, and the liver injury caused by AFLA. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the sorbent modified glucomannan on metabolic parameters of sheep submitted to diets containing AFLA and ZEA. For this, 34 females were used and they were divided into 6 groups (ZEA; ZEA + ADS; AFLA; AFLA + ADS; CONTROL + ADS; CONTROL), receiving 1.0 mg/kg of ZEA, 1.5 mg/kg of AFLA and/or 2 kg/ton of sorbent. The ZEA decreased serum levels of glucose, for the CONTROL (p < 0.05), however, the sorbent not influence the levels of glucose, with no difference between groups ZEA and ZEA + ADS. The ZEA increased levels of AST and GGT compared to group CONTROL (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of AST were higher in the group ZEA (p < 0.05) when compared to the group ZEA+ADS. Still, the aflatoxin caused a reduction in the levels of albumin, for physiological values of sheep. Thus, from these results it was concluded that ZEA caused metabolic alterations in sheep, and the modified glucomannan was effective in reducing the possible liver aggression caused by this mycotoxin, shown by the decrease in the levels of AST.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were presented the results of a veterinary and sanitary assessment and bacteriological investigation of sheep slaughter products, which showed meat serviceability for consumption after application of Triclafen suspension. Application Triclafen suspension did not render negative influence on an organism of animals. It was proved by organoleptic and laboratory research of meat of slaughter animals of experimental and control groups. The meat obtained from healthy sheep which were administrated the suspension in accordance with microbiological indicators proved to be of good quality and corresponded to the established norms (Sanitary regulations and standards 11 - 63 Republic of Belarus 98): it had the general bacterial content within admissible limits and did not contain agents of anthropozoonosts, alimentary toxicosis and toxinfections and it can be sold without any restrictions.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied the anthelminthic properties of preparative forms of elecampane (Inula helenium) (herbal infusion, tincture, liquid and dry extracts). Research results showed that the analyzed preparative forms in the administrated doses possesed high therapeutic efficiency against strongyloidosis and strongylatosis of gastroenteric path of sheep. Thus, according to results of research it was established, that the highest therapeutic effect rendered herbal infusion of elecampane in a dose of 6 ml/kg live weight once a day three days continuously; and the antiparasitic efficiency was 60%. Application of elecampane tincture in a dose of 1 ml/kg live weight once and 0,5 ml/kg of live weight twice rendered the 100% therapeutic effect. Administration of a liquid extract of elecampane in a dose of 0,2 ml/kg live of weight once and 0,1 ml/kg of live weight twice rendered 100% therapeutic effect. Application of elecampane dry extract in a dose of 30 mg/kg of live weight once and 25 mg/kg of live weight twice rendered 100% therapeutic effect.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were determined the parameters of acute and subacute toxicological characteristics of the developed in the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine anthelmintic preparations of durable action Febolvetum-О for control of sheep strongylatosis and Febolvetum for control of strongylatosis of cattle young stock. Data on determination of toxicological parameters of the prolonged action bolus were presented. Research results showed that the preparations did not render negative influence on laboratory animals (white mice). According to the parameters of acute oral toxicity the Febolvetum was qualify as the third hazard class. In accordance with the results of study of subacute toxicity parameters of the preparations, it was concluded, that in the conditions of free feeding of Febolvetum boluse in combination with forages in course of 30 days in doses of 200 mg/kg; 150 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg of body weight in animals there were found no signs of intoxication; there were not stated any is not fixed deviations in physiological state; and were stated no mice death.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the nonspecific resistance of lambs of Latvian Black Face breed during the colostrum and milk fed period of their growth development. In course of the experiment there were used 10 newborn lambs. Analysis of resistance was realized in accordance with a scheme: before colostral milk sucking; in 6, 12, 24 hours; in 3, 7, 14, 21 days; in 1, 2 and 3 months after birth. In lambs during the colostrum and milk fed period of growth there were marked two critical periods, which were characterized by low indicators of resistance: before colostral milk uptake and at 7-21 day-old age. Increasing of leukocytes, bactericidal, lysozymic activity of blood serum, phagocytal activity of leukocytes, crude protein and antibodies in the first days of lamb life took place due to their entrance in blood with colostral milk, just because at this time the intestines wall possessed ability to transit in native condition the antibodies, enzymes, and leukocytes. At 7-21 day-old age in connection with reduction of these factors quantity of in colostral milk, and also due to reduction of intestines capacity, their was stated that their entrance in blood of newborn lambs decreased, but at 3 month old age of lambs there were stated to form internal protective factors of resistance because of which their quantity in blood started to increase.

Research on determination of changes of morphological and biochemical blood indexes of sheep with fasciolosis after application of the drug Klozantsid (menizol 20%, produced in the Republic of Belarus) was carried out. The research realized in the conditions of the Scientific and Research Institute of Applied Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. In course of the experiment there were used sheep of Romanovskaya breed at the age from 1,5 till 5 years which were spontaneously infected with fasciola. The experimental animals were administrated with the examined antihelminthic preparation. It was found out that after administration of the preparation there was stated the restoration of a level of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, leukocytes, enzymes, proteins and other blood indexes. Klozantsid did not render toxic influence on studied animals. | Проведены исследования по выяснению изменений морфологических и биохимических показателей крови у овец с фасциолёзной инвазией при применении препарата Клозанцид. Исследования проводили в условиях клиники и лаборатории кафедры паразитологии и инвазионных болезней, лаборатории кафедры клинической диагностики, научно-исследовательского института прикладной ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии учреждения образования «Витебская ордена «Знак Почёта» государственная академия ветеринарной медицины». Объектом исследования являлись овцы романовской породы в возрасте от 1,5 до 5 лет, спонтанно зараженные фасциолами, которым применяли испытуемый препарат, обладающий антигельминтными свойствами. При этом выяснено, что после введения препарата происходит восстановление уровня эритроцитов, гемоглобина, лейкоцитов, ферментов, белков и других показателей. Клозанцид не оказывал токсического влияния на организм животного.