Nine Salmonella isolates (11.25%) from 80 spleen samples of pigs collected from slaughter house detected by conventional culturing when subjected to Salmonella-specific gene (invA) yielded product a 284-bp DNA fragment.

A total of 253 samples from cattle (52), buffalo (51), sheep (50), goat (50) and chicken (50) were screened for the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Out of these, 17 samples were found positive by species specific PCR (PM-PCR) with ~460 bp amplified product. Overall prevalence of P. multocida was found to be 6.7%. Out of 17 PM-PCR positive samples, 12 (70%) were found positive by capsular type-B specific (HSB-PCR) and multiplex PCR assays with amplification of ~620 bp product in both the cases. A total of 5 isolates of P. multocida were obtained in 17 PM-PCR positive samples of which 4 were of serotype B:2 and 1 was of serotype A:3. The PM-PCR and HSB-PCR assays can be performed directly on clinical samples from animals with reproducible results without any non-specific amplification. Multiplex PCR further reduces the time for the species and type specific detection of P. multocida.

Thirty five human sputum collected from TB hospital Bareilly were investigated for Mycobacteria based on direct microscopy, culture and by multiplex peR targeting 12.7 kb fragment and IS 611O. DNA was isolated directly forms putums amples. Outof35 samples,25 were smear positive and 18 yielded culture and 16 were positive by the multiplex PeR. 10 samples were negative on smear mircoscopy, culture and PCR.

Firfty serum and fifty semen samples collected from cattle and buffalo bulls were subjected to ELISA and gB gene based PCR, respectively to detect antibodies in serum and viral DNA in the semen against BHV 1. Out of 50 bulls, 15 (30%) serum samples were detected positive by ELISA while 21 (42%) semen samples were positive by gB gene based PCR. While correlating the results of ELISA and PCR, some seronegative bulls revealed presence of viral genome in semen whereas few seropositive bulls could not reveal viral genome in semen, thus, suggesting application of combined serological assay and PCR assay to detect the presence of BHV-1 infection in bulls.

In animal breeding, genetic disorders are one of the most important issues for breeders. The present study was carried out to genotype HF crossbred cattle for FXI deficiency and CVM using PCR and PCR-RFLP using 50 blood samples. Amplicons of 244 bp for FXI gene and the 287 bp for SLC35A3 gene were successfully amplified. Analysis of amplicons of FXI gene revealed single 244 bp fragment which indicates absence of mutant allele. The amplicons of 287 bp of SLC35A3 gene was digested with Pst I RE which revealed two fragments of size 264 bp and 23 bp  for normal animals. In the present study, out of fifty HF crossbred animals screened neither carrier nor affected animals were found for FXID and CVM.