Cutaneous leiomyomas (leiomyosarcomas) are smooth muscle tumors that occur single or as multiple lesions. They usually arise from the arrector pili muscles (piloleiomyomas) and less commonly from the muscle of veins (angioleiomyomas). This report describes histologic and immunohistochemical features of one cutaneous piloleiomyoma and two angioleiomyosarcomas. Three 7-12-year-old female dogs were presented with single or double cutaneous nodules. Histologically, the neoplastic masses were composed of densely or loosely arranged interlacing bundles. The neoplastic cells were ovoid to elongate, and had eosinophilic cytoplasms and perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolation. Nuclei were central to eccentric, cigar shaped, oval to elongate. In two cases high mitotic index in high power field, multifocal necrosis and local invasion were also noted. Masson's trichrome and van Gieson staining revealed muscle origin tumors in these cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous smooth muscle tumors in dogs in Korea.

A 6-year-old, spayed female Miniature Pinscher dog with chronic vomiting lasted for 7 weeks was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. Physical examination, complete blood counts, serum chemistry, gastroscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic biopsy and histopathological examination were performed for the diagnosis. The complete blood counts and serum biochemistry revealed no remarkable effect to the patient's general condition. Gastroscopy revealed erosion, erythema in mucosal surface of gastric lesions and endoscopic biopsy performed. No significant findings in upper gastrointestinal series were observed, and histopathologic examination revealed infiltration of lymphocyte in the gastric mucosa. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with lymphocytic gastritis. The dog were treated by metronidazole and ranitidine with hypoallergenic diet, and then the patient showed no vomiting or other complications.

This study examined the efficacy of apitoxin for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Ten dogs with otitis externa were allocated randomly to two groups. The control group was treated with the susceptible antibiotics and the experimental group was injected with apitoxin into the tragus subcutaneously. There were no significant differences in the clinical scores, blood WBC counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios between the control and experimental groups. By 2 weeks, the bacterial cell counts were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control (p less than 0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the dogs during the study. This suggests that a topical injection of apitoxin is an effective treatment for otitis externa in dogs.

Among benign proliferation of the urinary bladder, polypoid cystitis is a rare disease in dogs. It is characterized by epithelial proliferation, chronic inflammation in lamina propria, and development of a polypoid mass or masses without evidence of neoplasia. This report describes histopathologic features of polypoid cystitis in dog. A 10-year-old spayed female shihtzu-dog was presented with two-month history of hematuria. Abdominal ultrasonography confirmed the thickened bladder wall and calculi in both kidneys. Surgical biopsy sample was taken from the thickeded bladder mucosa for the histopathologic examination. The mass was covered with irregular hyperplastic transitional epithelium with the projection into the lumen in multifocal areas as well as many Brunn's nests in lamina propria. Many inflammatory cells such as lymphocyte, plasma cell, and macrophage and few neutrophils were occupied in lamina propria and submucosa. Proliferated fibrous tissues in lamina propria were clarified by using special staining methods. These collagens were stained blue with Masson's trichrome and red with van Gieson, but negative for alcian blue. Based on the clinical, gross, and histopathologic examinations, this case was diagnosed as polypoid cystitis in a dog. In our best knowledge, this is first report of polypoid cystitis in dog in Korea.

A 6-year-old, neutered male, Schnauzer was presented with a one year history of weight loss and exercise intolerance. Physical examination revealed abdominal distention and ecchymosis on the abdominal skin. CBC and serum chemistry profiles revealed anemia and increased serum liver enzymes. Postmortem examination revealed primary hepatic hemagiosarcoma. The tumor had extended to the mesentery and diaphragm, but distant metastasis was not found. This case report describes primary hepatic hemangiosarcoma which is very rare in a dog.

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is an immune-mediated skin disease which requires histopathology and immunohistopathology in both dogs and humans. A 10-month-old, intact female Alaskan Malamute presented for depigmentation, swelling, alopecia, erythema, and crusting on the bridge of the nose and the nasal planum. Cytological examination of nasal lesions revealed numerous cocci and neutrophils. Histopathological features included of infiltration of mononuclear cells at the dermoepidermal junction. Direct immunofluorescence tests and immunohistochemistry exhibited positive IgG, IgM, IgA, CD3, CD18, and CD 79a on the epidermal basement membranes and around adnexal glands. This case indicates both T cells and B cells are related to mechanism of canine DLE. This case report describes advanced diagnostic tests and clinical outcome with immume suppressive therapy in a rare juvenile canine DLE case.

A miniature schnauzer (8 years old, male castrated), diagnosed as diabetes mellitus 6 months ahead, were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of our University with hindlimb stiffness, facial rubbing and tetany. Serum chemistry showed severe hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and measured iPTH (intact pharathyroid hormone) concentration was low (less than 3.0 pmol/L). Consistent rate injection of calcium gluconate (282 mg/kg over 30 min) resulted in prompt relief of the tetany. Then typical treatment for hypoparathyroidism (calcium gluconate and dihydrotachysterol per os) with magnesium administration could control the neuromuscular signs. Diabetes mellitus is being controlled by insulin therapy and prescription diet. Hypomagnesemia in diabetic dog may be induced hypoparathyrodism.

Rhabdoid tumor is an aggressive neoplasm of animals and human. It is similar with rhabdomyosarcoma histopathologically. But cellular origin of this neoplasm showed no striated muscle origin by immunohistological and ultrastructural studies. Castrated male Shit-tzu dog, 6 years old, had a mass in the left gluteal region near to the tail. The mass was examined histopathologically and immunohistologically. Histopathologically, the tumor was consisted of large polygonal cell with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei in some cells were marked eccentrically located. Immunohistochemically, many neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin. These findings were similar to histopathological and immunohistological features of human rhabdoid tumor and few rhabdoid tumors in animals.