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Прогнозирование сохранности, продуктивных и мясных качеств свиней в условиях промышленного производства с использованием ДНК-маркеров
2008
Bezzubov, V.I. | Dvornik, V.A., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus)
Research results on usage of DNA-markers (RYRI, FABP, ESRF18/FUTI) and other factors for industrial pork production were presented. It was determined that DNA-technologies let conduct interbreed crossing on industrial scale and get diverse (fat or meat, with different fat content) products, as well as increase pork production in general. The best variants of crossing combinations were pigs of the Belarus large white breed with Belarus meat and Dyurok, and also the Belarus large white breed with Landras and Dyurok. Research results showed, for in course of the whole period of breeding the daily average weight gain of hybrids of the large white with the Belarus meat and breeds Landras was higher than with the Estonian bacon on 25 and 18 g, respectively. Fattening of stores was finished at the period of achievement of body weight by 100-102,5 kg. The slaughter yield of meat products by groups (without intestinal fat) did not essentially differ and varied within 69,9 - 71,1%. There were noted no considerable distinctions in weight of internals (heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver). Thickness of the salted pork fat at hybrids with animals of the Belarus meat breed was 1-2 mm lower than in other. The average meat yield of diverting weir was 61,9%, fat weight - 27,9%, bone weight - 10,2%. The organoleptic evaluation of beef-infusion broth quality showed that indicators of habit, aroma and taste and nourishing were at high level and compose 4,67; 4,59; 4,55 and 4,71 points, respectively. Tenderness, juiciness and taste of boiled meat also were at level 4,69; 4,76 and 4,87 points, respectively; fried meat - 4,57; 4,68 and 4,66 points
Show more [+] Less [-]Продуктивность поросят-сосунов с учетом их крупноплодности и эмоциональной реактивности
2008
Dojlidov, V.A. | Brankevich, O.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
Application of ethologic techniques in commercial swine production made it possible to take into account the specific features of pigs, to separate animals suitable and unsuitable for animal husbandry in the conditions of industrial production technology, as well as to solve many other problems connected with management, animal behaviour at farms and complexes, that could make it possible to obtain additional production without investing additional material resources. The behavioural trait of emotional stress resistance rendered the authentic positive impact on growth rate of piglets during the suckling period. Taking into consideration, that emotional stress resistance, as well as the temperament as a whole, remained invariable as long as life endures, it could be possible to recommended to use the analysed trait for the selection of young stock for self- replacement in the conditions of pig-breeding complexes, and for the selection of the most fast-growing animals with the simultaneous steady resistance to the emotional stress. In the process of replacement pigs selection it was inefficient to take into consideration only their live weight. Considering that the live weight of some piglets which were non-resistant to emotional stress, but with heavy litter, was high enough, however, as their temperament did not vary as long as life endures and emotional instability will necessarily manifest itself in the subsequent parent qualities of the future sows
Show more [+] Less [-]Ген IGF2 как маркер откормочной и мясной продуктивности свиней пород белорусской селекции
2008
Dojlidov, V.A. | Kaspirovich, D.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus) | Loban, N.A., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus) | Kostyunina, O.V., All Russian Research Inst. of Animal Breeding, Dubrovitsy (Russian Federation) | Mikhajlova, T.I., Selection and Hybrid Centre Zadneprovski (Belarus)
As a result of the realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research on revealing the influence of polymorphism character and the influence of presence of various allelomorphic variants of IGF-2 gene in breeding boars genotype on fattening and carcass traits of stores of Belarusian large white and Belarusian meat breeds it was established: 1. frequency of occurrence of desired QQ genotype among boars of the Belarusian meat breed was rather low and has made 10%. Among boars of the Belarus large white breed the given genotype has not been revealed. Heterozygotic genotype Qq had a rather wide range - from 26,6% at boars of the Belarusian meat breed to 43,2% at boars of the Belarusian large white breed; 2. fattening boars of both studied breeds which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome Qq genotypes of IGF-2gene showed the tendency for predominance in fattening and carcass traits over their herdmates which had been received from the boars bearing in their genome qq genotypes; 3. The posterity of boars of the Belarusian meat breed bearing in their genome the homozygous QQ genotype, authentically surpassed in fattening and carcass traits their analogues which had been obtained from fathers with a genotype qq. The following traits were higher: age of achievement of body weight; daily average weight gain in case of fattening; feed expenses per unit of live weight gain; slaughter yield; weight of a back third of half carcass. Research results showed, that IGF2gene (a gene of the insulin-like growth factor) could be a perspective candidate gene which makes it possible to predict the growing capacity and carcass trait of pigs of Belarusian breeds. Taking into consideration the influence undesired q allele, for the increasing of fattening and carcass traits of pigs it was possible to recommend the realization of estimation of replacement boar pigs using the data analysis of their genotype of IGF2 gene, as additional criterion of their selection
Show more [+] Less [-]Производство конкурентоспособной свинины на основе использования методов молекулярной генной диагностики
2008
Loban, N.A. | Chernov, A.S., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus) | Kaspirovich, D.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
For the first time in the Republic of Belarus there were developed the effective methods of marker-dependent selections directed towards increasing the performance traits and preventive measures of pig diseases of the Belarusian Large White breeds. Application of the presented techniques in practice made it possible to increase the multiple fetation of sows on 0,5-1,5 piglets, increase livability of stores on 1,1-5,7%, increase the average daily weight gain on 17g, lower feed expenses on 0,04 FU. In course of the realized studies there was studied the polymorphism of Ryr-1, ESR, E.Coli (ECR F 18) FUT 1 and IGF-2 genes, there was developed the efficient methods of marker-dependent selection. Research results showed that application of methods of molecular gene diagnostics proved to be economically feasible. In the conditions of rather low expenses for testing of boars and sows there was stated the considerable increases in economic efficiency of pork production. Creation of reserve populations with a desired genotype breed will make it possible to accelerate the breed-forming process
Show more [+] Less [-]Влияние сроков передачи ремонтных свинок из племпродуктора в товарную часть комплекса на их продуктивные качества
2008
Perashvili, I.I., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus)
The growth and development of replacement gilts of different precocity and age depending on the terms of transition from herd-producer to the market area of a complex was studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Animal transfer into new housing conditions affected the early maturing and super early maturing breed pigs of experimental groups. It was determined that moving of replacement pigs into the market area of the complex at the age of 115 days made it possible to obtain higher indices of swine productivity. Fertilization rate of sows of the first experimental group after the first insemination made up 77,6%, that was higher on 6,2% and 9,5% in comparison with the control and the second experimental groups, respectively. The advantage of the first and second experimental groups over the control one was stated in a higher multiple fetation on 0,4 heads and heightened heavy litter indices on 0,1 kg; the quantity of weanling was higher on 0,6 and 0,5 heads, on litter weight at weaning was higher on 7,1 and 3,8 kg, respectively
Show more [+] Less [-]Продуктивность и резистентность поросят на доращивании при использовании кормовой добавки Ватер Трит жидкий
2008
Sadomov, N.A. | Shamsuddin, L.A., Belarus State Academy of Agriculture, Gorki (Belarus)
The purpose of research is to study influence of fodder additive Water Trit liquid on dynamics of live weight, natural resistance and determination of an optimal dose for pigs on growing. Thanks to рН decrease of intestines contents and presence of organic acids the additive is applied for disease prevention. Presence of organic acids stimulates the development of useful Lactobacillus micro flora in intestines gleam. From the received data positive influence of the fodder additive on a gain of body weight is visible. In the beginning of experiment the difference in body weight of a control and a trial groups was insignificant and made from 9,2 kg to 9,4 kg in the experimental group, and 9,3 kg - in the control group. In the end of experiment the difference in body weight was essential: 28,6 kg, 30,5 kg, 29,5 kg in the trial groups and 28,05 kg in the control. After application of the fodder additive Water Trit liquid in the trial groups there were noted the raised daily average weight gains: on 2,6% in the second, on 13,4% (P less than 0,05) - in the third and on 8,5% - in the fourth group in relation to control group. For studying of the influence of the fodder additive on animal organism there was carried out the blood testing: phagocytosis, bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme activity of blood serum. Indexes on phagocytal index at animal of the control and trial groups were in the beginning of experiment approximately at one level. At 45-day age the indexes in the second and fourth trial groups were above the control ones on 5,2% and 8,9%, respectively. By the end of the experiment the phagocytal index in all four groups changed insignificantly. At studying of lysozyme activity of blood serum at pigs the given research have shown, that at 30-day age the indexes in the third and fourth trial groups were above the control, and indexes in the first group were above the standard of the control. At 70-day age the highest lysozyme activity of blood serum was in the second trial group and has made +16,0% to the control. It is necessary to notice, that on the 70th day this indicator was above the control in all three trial groups
Show more [+] Less [-]Продуктивность мясных телят и условие их выращивания как основа качественного сырья для продуктов детского питания
2010
Apanasevich, T.L. | Petrushko, I.S., National Academy of Sciences. Scientific and Practical Center of Animal Breeding (Belarus)
In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed high productive traits of meaty calves and cross breeds bred in accordance with a system cow-calf, as well as the possibilities of using veal meat obtained in ecologically safe areas for infant food production. At the age of 6,5-7 months the weight of fresh carcass of bull-calves of sharolez breed in comparison with aberdin-angus х black-motley herdmates was on 41,6 kg (Р less than 0,001) higher, carcass yield and slaughter yield – on 13,8% (Р less than 0,001) and 13,6% (Р less than 0,001), respectively. The fat content in sharolez meat was 4,9% against 8,9%; protein - 21,9% against 18,8%. The black-motley suckling bull-calves surpassed their herdmates which were grown up by technology of dairy cattle breeding at the age of 6-6,5 months according to indexes of weight of fresh carcass - on 16,3 kg or 21,7% (Р less than 0,01); according to indexes in a slaughter yield - on 16,6% (Р less than 0,001); and according to indexes meat flesh in a carcass - on 1,5%. According to quality indexes, amino acid structure, acceptable concentration of toxic elements content, pesticides, antibiotics, radionuclides and other harmful substances the veal meat of calves which were bred on a system a cow-calve in ecologically pure zones proved to be important meat raw materials to produce infant food products.
Show more [+] Less [-]Мясная продуктивность помесных герефорд х черно-пестрых телок в зависимости от содержания концентратов в рационе
2010
Zhdanova, A.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a comparative study of meat productivity of mongrel Gereford х black-and-white heifers ad purebred black-and-white heifers in the conditions of different levels of concentrated feedstuff in cattle diets; and determine the most efficient and long-term method of animal breeding for meat. Research results showed that breeding of meaty of hybrids of Gereford х black-and-white heifers of the second generation without using the feeding concentrates in their diets or on using rations with a low rate of feeding concentrates (10-20%) proved to be more effective, than breeding of purebred black-and-white herdmates (for which specific density of the concentrated forages in diets made up 20% through pregnancy). Hybrids on Gereford breed in accordance with meat productivity level surpassed the purebred black-and-white animals. The most considerable results were marked at hybrid heifers with relative density of concentrates in a ration of 20% which in accordance with slaughter weight indexes surpassed the herdmates of black-and-white breed on 39,1 kg or on 23,68%, in accordance with slaughter yield - on 8,2%, in accordance with fresh carcass weight - on 37,9 kg or on 23,8%, in accordance with weight of inner porc - on 1,19 kg or on 20,62%.
Show more [+] Less [-]Продуктивность цыплят-бройлеров при введении в рацион адсорбента микотоксинов
2010
Kapitonova, E.A. | Medvedskij, V.A., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was analyzed the efficiency of application of an adsorbent mycotoxins Toxfin Dry (Belgium) for lowering of toxicity load on broiler chickens. In the course of the study there was given attention to poultry productivity, viability and forage expenses for broiler chickens breeding. There was developed a scheme of Toxfin Dry preparation feeding to broiler chickens. There were presented the results of weighing of control and experimental broiler chickens during the breeding periods; the basic zootechnical indices in the conditions of introduction Toxfin Dry; economic efficiency of its application. Research results showed that introduction of a mycotoxin adsorbent Toxfin Dry into diets of broiler chickens promoted the improvement of digestion and absorption of mixed fodder nutrients in a gastroenteric tract, that in its turn promoted the increasing daily average weight gain on 4,3%, broiler stock viability - on 2,6%; and to decrease the expenses for forages on 13,9%. On the basis of obtained experimental data it was recommended to include the mycotoxin adsorbent Toxfin Dry into rations of broiler chickens as a dry mix with mixed fodder in a dose of 5 g/kg of forage dry matter.
Show more [+] Less [-]Влияние различных уровней глюкозинолатов на продуктивные качества кур
2010
Suchkova, I.V., Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine (Belarus)
In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied the influence of different levels of glucosinolates of rape (Brassica napus) seeds on metabolic processes and productive qualities of lying hens for the determination of an optimal dose of administration into their diets of ground rape seeds of the national Belarusian selection in spite of extraction cakes of other crops. Research results showed that addition into mixed fodder of 8-13% of rape seeds increase in their share in a lying hen diets caused the decreasing of the basic zootechnical indexes and did not render essential influence on production quality. However, introduction 6% rapeseeds into diets of lying hens of commercial stock instead of oil-seed meal of other crops did not render essential negative influence on productive indexes and production quality. Feeding of 6% of rapeseeds in spite of oil-seed meal of other crops in course of ten months of technological use of poultry caused the increasing of total yield of eggs on 2,9%, egg production - on 1,8%, average weight of eggs - on 1,7%. Also, it made it possible to reduce the daily consumption of forage on 2,6%, forage expenditures per 10 eggs - on 5,5% and per kilogram of egg weight - on 5,8%. The obtained results assume the possibility of inclusion into lying hens diets of 6% milled rapeseeds of national selection with a level of glucosinolates up to 44,7 mkmol/g.
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