Carnivore semen cryopreservation procedures started with semen washing and centrifuging in culture media for seminal plasma removal and microorganisms elimination. The objective of this study was to perform coatis semen cryopreservation comparing the effects between two extenders Ham’s F-10 and M199 for washing and centrifugation before cryopreservation using Dilutris medium. Semen samples (n = 36) were collected by electroejaculation from six adult male coatis (Nasua nasua) between May and October of 2008 at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Zoo. Sperm total motility (%), progressive sperm motility (0-5), plasma membrane integrity spermatozoa rates (%), and acrosome integrity (%) were analyzed. These fresh semen samples were divided in two fractions, diluted in 1 ml of Ham’s F-10 (Ham’s F-10, Nutricel S.A., Brazil) or M199 (M199, Nutricel S.A., Brazil) and centrifuged at 300 g for 10 min. The supernatant was discarded and pellets resuspended in 1 ml of Dilutris (Dilutris, Minitube®, Brazil), stored at 5ºC for 3 hours, transferred to 0.25 ml straws, placed in liquid nitrogen vapor for 20 min, and immersed in liquid nitrogen. The means/SD for fresh semen and cryopreserved semen using Ham’s F-10/Dilutris and M199/Dilutris were, respectively: 84.28 ± 11.57, 45.38 ± 27.26, and 44.61 ± 25.03 for total motility; 3.64 ± 1.44, 2.15 ± 1.14, and 2.07 ± 1.03 for progressive sperm motility; 92.76 ± 3.46, 84.69 ± 15.77, and 89.76 ± 13.97 for live spermatozoa rate; and 94.76 ± 2.89, 92.35 ± 4.73, and 90.58 ± 7.17 for acrosome integrity. No significant difference (P < 0.05) were observed between the values obtained from the Ham’s F-10/Dilutris or M199/Dilutris treatments. Both treatments demonstrated to be suitable for freezing semen from this species.

Thirty Brangus bulls were used in a 90-d study to assess the effect of artificial shading on the performance and reproductive characteristics of semi-confined cattle. Animals were kept in four one-ha paddocks in two groups of eight for shade treatment (5 m2/animal of 80% solar block shade cloth) and two groups of seven animals in no-shade treatment. Each treatment had two homogeneous groups, each divided into heavy-bulls (351-450 kg) and light-bulls (300-350 kg). Time spent under shade, time standing, average daily gain, testicular development and sperm quality were investigated. Animals spent 24% of the daylight under the shade and no-shaded bulls spent more time standing (P < 0.05). No difference was found in average daily gain (P > 0.05) and testicular development between shaded and no-shaded animals. However, scrotal perimeter was higher for shaded light animals compared to no-shaded light bulls (P < 0.10). Sperm motility increase during the experimental period for shaded animals (P < 0.05) and sperm abnormalities were higher for the shaded ones (P < 0.05). Although the results did not indicate pronounced benefits on cattle performance, this resource was an important alternative because it appears to provide an improvement in some reproductive parameters and ensure a better thermal comfort to the animals.

Arsenic is a major water pollutant that may cause serious health hazard (e.g., infertility) in human and animal. We evaluated the changes in histoarchitecture of testes and ovaries of adult Black Bengal goats (n=10) reared in arsenic affected areas in Bangladesh. Grossly, we found insignificant variations among the testes and ovaries, but histological evaluation revealed an extensive alteration in morphology of both testes and ovaries in the arsenic affected goats. In testes, the thickening of tunica albugenia and trabeculae, widening of intertubular space between seminiferous tubules, and narrowing in diameter of seminiferous tubules were observed. In ovaries of arsenic affected goats, significant decrease in number of primary follicles and antral follicles were observed. The diameters of secondary and antral follicles were significantly reduced. The granulosa layer of antral follicles showed marked thickening. The findings indicate that chronic arsenic exposure alters the histoarchitecture of both male and female gonads in Black Bengal goat, and thereby may affect their reproductive performance.