The studies were carried out on 32 rams of the ossimi breed (270 days of age). Sixteen rams (group 1) received a ration containing 0.2 ppm. Se , and 30 mg vit.E, the other 16 rams (group 2) received 0.5 ppm. Se, and 50 mg vit.E/kg feed mixture .The feeding test was conducted from 270 days until 360 days of age. During the experiment the rams were subjected to live evaluations, i.e. testes circumference, libido level, semen characteristics, as well as selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in blood serum and seminal plasma. Routine macroscopic and microscopic analyses of semen quality were accompanied by measurement of Se content and GSH-Px activity in blood and semen. The Se concentration in blood plasma, seminal fluid and spermatozoa was measured by fluorometric method, while the GSH-Px activity by method based on NADPH - coupled reaction .Comparing the results in animals of both groups , it was clear that the all were in good health conditions as ascertained by clinical examination. No significant variation was detected in body weight of animals of both groups. Significant elevation (p<0.05) in the values of semen conc., semen conc./ ejac , semen motion , sperm motility / ejac.as well as total sperms count were observed in animals of group 2 as compared to those of group 1 .

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of daily intake of vitamin C or selenium against deleterious effects of nicotine toxicity on pregnant albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty albino pregnant rats were equally distributed into four groups. Group A was considered as control. Group B was administered with nicotine dosed at 1 mg/kg body weight (bwt) daily for 7 weeks (wks) from 1st day of gestation until the postnatal 4 wks. Group C was treated with nicotine and vitamin C dosed at 1 mg/kg bwt orally for 7 wks, group D was treated with nicotine and sodium selenite dosed at 1 ug/100 g bwt concurrently for 7 wks. The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), protein carbonyl (PC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were estimated in homogenates of the lung, kidney and liver. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin as well as immunohistochemical studies using p53 antibody were also done. Results: Nicotine significantly elevated the levels of TBARS and PC as compared to control rats. Groups C and D showed decrease in these levels significantly. CAT and SOD activities of group B were decreased significantly. Significant elevation of CAT and SOD activities was detected in both groups C and D. Vitamin C elevated the antioxidant enzymes activities to normal levels, however selenium administration improved these levels but still lower than those of group A. Expression of p53 was decreased in group B as compared to group A. Vitamin C completely reversed the expression of p53 as group A. However, group D did not showed any significant changes in expressions as compared to group B. Conclusion: It is concluded that vitamin C intake was useful than selenium in prevention against nicotine-induced oxidative stress including p53 expression in the lung, kidney and liver of pregnant rats. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016; 3(4.000): 321-331]

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic subclass azalides. It is generated from erythromycin and has a 15-membered lactone ring thanks to the addition of a nitrogen atom that has been swapped with methyl. By interfering with their ability to synthesise proteins, it stops bacteria from expanding. It prevents the translation of mRNA by attaching to the bacterial ribosome's 50S subunit. Certain bacterial infections, most frequently those that result in middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, typhoid, bronchitis, and sinusitis, are treated or prevented using azithromycin. Its main purpose in recent years has been to protect babies and those with weakened immune systems from bacterial infections. Additionally, it works well against some STDs, including chlamydia, cervicitis, and nongonococcal urethritis. Nearly a century has passed since the discovery of vitamin E (-tocopherol). The body prefers -tocopherol above the other eight vitamin E-related compounds found in the basic diet, despite the fact that all of them are peroxyl radical scavengers. The regulatory mechanisms that assist to retain -tocopherol and excrete the non-tocopherol forms are crucial to vitamin E's biological activity. Ataxia is a neurologic abnormality that is present in severe vitamin E insufficiency, and it can lead to death. Selenium is critically important to maintaining health. It is a crucial part of various important metabolic processes, such as the metabolism of thyroid hormones, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and immunological function. Therefore, there are a number of potential public health ramifications of the drop in blood selenium content in several parts of the world, particularly in light of the high frequency of chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. On the basis of blood glutathione peroxidase activity, recommended dietary intakes of selenium were first suggested ten years ago. Since then, 30 novel selenoproteins have been discovered, 15 of which have been purified such that their biological role can be characterized. This review gives an overview on the use of azithromycin, vitamin E, and selenium in health and disease.