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Barriers to vaccine use in small ruminants and poultry in Tanzania
2022
Sitira Williams | Isabella Endacott | Abel B. Ekiri | Mirende Kichuki | Mariana Dineva | Erika Galipo | Vadim Alexeenko | Ruth Alafiatayo | Erik Mijten | Gabriel Varga | Alasdair J.C. Cook
Vaccination is an important disease prevention and control measure; however, vaccine adoption by livestock farmers in Tanzania is still low. This cross-sectional study examined the challenges to vaccine use faced by livestock owners and animal health professionals (AHPs) in Tanzania. A questionnaire was administered to 216 households that kept small ruminants and poultry and 19 AHPs’ data were collected electronically via the survey platform Qualtrics, and descriptive statistics were performed. Households with poultry reported vaccinating mostly against Newcastle disease (91.7%), fowl pox (48.1%) and Gumboro disease (37.0%), whilst households with small ruminants reported contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (62.2%), sheep and goat pox (17.1%), foot-and-mouth disease (7.3%) and peste des petits ruminants (7.3%). The households’ decision to vaccinate was mostly influenced by knowledge of diseases (82.4%), disease history on the farm (69.4%) and vaccine price (63.4%). Most households (54.6%) experienced challenges when purchasing vaccines, including high vaccine cost (78.0%), long distance from vaccine source (61.0%) and vaccine unavailability (21.2%). The findings suggest that improving the knowledge of livestock owners regarding the priority diseases and the benefits of vaccination, establishing more vaccine suppliers, improving vaccine distribution and access and training AHPs and households on appropriate vaccine storage and handling are necessary to improve vaccine adoption and ensure vaccine quality and effectiveness.
Show more [+] Less [-]Age and seasonal pattern of contagious agalactia in small ruminants in Ukraine
2021
Bohach Dmytro Mykolaivych | Stegniy Borys Tymofiyovych | Bohach Mykola Volodymyrovych | Pavlov Serhii Leonidovych | Bolotin Vitaliy Igorovych
The aim of the study was to determine how the spread of contagious agalactia in sheep and goats in the Odesa region depended on the age of the animals and the season.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of topical treatment of foot rot in sheep using ozonated olive ointment
2021
Szponder Tomasz | Zdziennicka Joanna | Nowakiewicz Aneta | Świeca Michał | Sobczyńska-Rak Aleksandra | Żylińska Beata | Patkowski Krzysztof | Junkuszew Andrzej | Wessely-Szponder Joanna
Foot rot in small ruminants is highly contagious, causes severe lameness, and impairs fertility and wool and meat production. It is usually treated with parenteral antibiotics, with attendant antibiotic resistance risk, and with bactericidal footbaths, potentially harmful to humans and the environment. An alternative treatment in sheep is proposed based on repeated topical ozonated ointment application. Its effectiveness and safety were evaluated by estimation of acute-phase response, biochemical indicators of organic damage, and antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOB).
Show more [+] Less [-]Influence of natural and climatic conditions on the distribution and forms of contagious agalactia in sheep in Bessarabia, Ukraine
2022
Volodymyrovych Bohach Mykola | Igorovych Bolotin Vitaliy | Mykolaivych Bohach Denys | Piven Olha Tarasivna | Pyvovarova Iryna Victorivna
Contagious agalactia of ruminants is an endemic disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae in flicting significant losses on farms in deaths and forced slaughter of sick animals, abortions, births of sick young animals, and reduced milk and wool production. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of hydrometeorological conditions on the distribution and forms of contagious agalactia in sheep in Bessarabia, Ukraine.
Show more [+] Less [-]Investigation of the prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in Southern Xinjiang, China
2021
Zhao Jin-yu | Du Yi-zhou | Song Ya-ping | Zhou Peng | Chu Yue-feng | Wu Jun-yuan
It is very important to monitor the infection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae as a potential threat to the sheep industry. Southern Xinjiang is a major sheep breeding base in China, however, there is no relevant information concerning the infection of the region’s ovine stock with this bacteria at present. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap.
Show more [+] Less [-]New insights into the prevalence and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates in sheep from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
2021
Ahmad Mohammed Aram
Although ovine cysticercosis is not a zoonotic problem, it results in substantial economic losses due to the condemnation of infected tissues or entire carcasses. This study aimed to record preliminary data on the prevalence, and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates from slaughtered sheep in the province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Show more [+] Less [-]Changes in blood parameters induced by experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus infection
2016
Dudek Katarzyna | Lutnicki Krzysztof | Bednarek Dariusz | Marczuk Jan | Kycko Anna | Reichert Michał
The aim of the study was to assess the changes of blood parameters in 12 three-week-old Polish Merino sheep subjected to experimental jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) infection.
Show more [+] Less [-]Seroprevalence and epidemiological risk factors for Kasba virus among sheep and goats in South Korea: a nationwide retrospective study
2022
Hwang Jeong-Min | Ga Yun Ji | Yeh Jung-Yong
Kasba virus belongs to the Palyam serogroup of the Orbivirus genus and Reoviridae family. Kasba virus is the causative agent of many reproductive disorders in infected animals, which result in considerable economic losses, mainly in the cattle industry. The epidemiology of Kasba virus infection is poorly defined and remains unclear in South Korea.
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevalences and characteristics of Trichuris spp. infection in sheep in pastoral areas of the Tianshan, Xinjiang, China
2022
Wang Lixia | Zhang Guowu | Fu Yuhang | Ning Chengcheng | Li Zhiyuan | Wang Huisheng | Zhang Jinsheng | Shang Yunxia | Sun Yaoqiang | Huang Xiaoxing | Cai Xuepeng | Xia Xianzhu | Meng Qingling | Qiao Jun
Nematodes of the Trichuris genus are commonly reported parasites that can cause trichuriasis in many animals, which leads to inflammation, intestinal bleeding and reductions of productivity in livestock. Knowledge of the prevalence of Trichuris infestation in the Tianshan ovine population and of the nematode species parasitising the population is not exhaustive, and this study aimed to expand the knowledge.
Show more [+] Less [-]Comparison of laparoscopic and traditional abomasal cannulation in sheep
2016
Zhang Shixia | Hao Manliang | Ma Yuzhong
Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a laparoscopic abomasal cannulation (LAC) technique, and compare the extent of the surgical trauma after LAC and open abomasal cannulation (OAC) by examining postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and serum values of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α in sheep. Material and Methods: Twelve healthy ewes, weighing 38-43 kg, were used. Three-portal laparoscopic techniques were used for LAC procedures. OAC was performed by a right flank laparotomy. Results: Abomasal cannulation was accomplished in all sheep without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. The abomasal contents were collected easily in both groups. Comparative studies found that open procedures exhibit a more pronounced short-term increase in cytokines and significantly higher VAS pain scores than the corresponding laparoscopic procedures. Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique proved to be less traumatic than the conventional open technique.
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