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Evaluation of the effects of intra-articular injection of dimethylsulfoxide on normal equine articular tissues
1989
Welch, R.D. | DeBowes, R.M. | Liepold, H.W.
To evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on normal equine articular structures, 7 adult horses with clinically normal carpi were allotted to 2 treatment groups (group A, n = 4; group B, n = 3). In each horse after collection of synovial fluid samples, the right antebrachial carpal and middle carpal joints were aseptically injected with 2 ml of a 40% solution of 90% medical grade DMSO in lactated Ringer solution, and the corresponding joints of the left forelimb (controls) were injected with 2 ml of lactated Ringer solution. In group-A horses, 2 ml of synovial fluid was obtained prior to injections of 40% DMSO at 24 hours and 72 hours, for a total of 3 injections. At necropsy, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and articular cartilage specimens were obtained. Group-B horses were injected with 40% DMSO in the same sequence; however, the series was repeated following a 1-week interval. Clinical evaluation of these horses revealed no evidence of carpal inflammation associated with any injection in any group. Synovial fluid analysis of DMSO-injected and control joints revealed insignificant differences in leukocyte counts and total protein content. There was no evidence of cartilage degradation on gross, histologic, or histochemical evaluation of any of the joints. Intercellular matrix staining of the articular cartilage failed to reveal any observable difference in glycosaminoglycan content between injection with DMSO or lactated Ringer solution.
Show more [+] Less [-]Concentration and degree of polymerization of hyaluronate in equine synovial fluid
1989
Saari, H. | Konttinen, Y.T. | Tulamo, R.M. | Antti-Poika, I. | Honkanen, V.
In addition to its well-known physicochemical properties, hyaluronate (HA) has recently been shown to have important biological and pathophysiologic regulatory effects on granulocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, as well as on the healing of wounds and various joint disorders. Many of these effects depend on or are reflected in the concentration and degree of polymerization of HA. Therefore, high-performance liquid chromatography with size-exclusion column was used to characterize the concentration and degree of polymerization of HA in equine synovial fluid (SF). The mean (+/-SD) HA concentration was 0.47 +/- 0.19 mg/ml and there was no difference between control joints and those with positive response to local anesthetic administration (0.61 +/- 0.20 mg/ml vs 0.42 +/-0.17 mg/ml), suggesting that in horses with acute traumatic synovitis causing lameness, HA concentration in SF cannot be used as a marker for the condition. High-performance liquid chromatograms disclosed considerable variation between horses in the degree of polymerization reflected in the peak area to height ratio (mean +/-SD, 3.207 +/- 0.447; range, 2.229 to 3.915), indicating differences in local synthesis, degradation, or mobilization into lymph of SF HA. In addition, the correlation between SF HA concentration and degree of polymerization was 0.760 (P < 0.01; linear regression analysis) suggesting that HA concentration and chain length are independently regulated.
Show more [+] Less [-]Further investigations into the potentiation of infection by intra-articular injection of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan and the effect of filtration and intra-articular injection of amikacin
1989
Gustafson, S.B. | McIlwraith, C.W. | Jones, R.L. | Dixon-White, H.E.
Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) recently have been reported to potentiate the infectivity of Staphylococcus aureus in horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis. Four groups of 8 horses each had 1 midcarpal joint injected with approximately 33 viable colony-forming units (CFU) of S aureus plus either 1 ml of saline solution (group 1), 250 mg of PSGAG (group 2), 250 mg of PSGAG passed through a 0.6-micrometer filter (group 3), or 250 mg of PSGAG plus 125 mg of amikacin (group 4). Horses that developed clinical signs consistent with sepsis were euthanatized, and samples were collected at necropsy. Horses that survived had samples obtained by use of arthroscopy at days 13 and 14 after injection. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 1 group-1 horse, 8 group-2 horses, and 7 of 7 group-3 horses that met protocol, but was not isolated from any group-4 horses. All 16 aforementioned horses had clinical signs, results of synovial fluid analysis, and gross pathologic and synovial membrane histopathologic findings that were consistent with septic arthritis. Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (250 mg) increased the infectivity of 33 CFU of S aureus (P = 0.001); filtering the PSGAG had no effect. Intra-articular injection of 125 mg of amikacin immediately after inoculating the joint with 33 CFU of S aureus significantly (P = 0.001) decreased potentiation of infection by the PSGAG.
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