Twelve Tuli weaner steers aged 1 year were randomly subdivided into three groups of four animals and infected with different doses of Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae. Each animal in Group I received a low dose (LD) of 5 000 metacercariae, Group II a medium dose (MD) of 15 000 metacercariae, Group III a high dose (HD) of 25 000 metacercariae and one additional animal was kept as an uninfected control (C). After infection, one animal from each group was slaughtered on Day 28, 42, 56 and 84 post infection (pi) and samples from the ileum, jejunum, duodenum, abomasum and the rumen were collected for histopathological and cytological examination. On Day 28 pi, the gross pathological lesions observed in the duodenum of the LD and the MD animals were similar and comprised duodenal thickening, corrugation, hyperaemia, petechiation and ulceration. In the HD animal the duodenal lesions were similar but more severe. The abomasal folds were severely oedematous in the MD group and nearly occluded the abomasal lumen. Moderate oedema of the abomasal folds was also present in the LD and HD animals. The gross pathological lesions regressed in all the infected groups with increasing age of infection and had disappeared completely by Day 56 pi. On Day 28 pi the histopathological lesions in the duodenum and jejunum of the LD and MD groups were similar, comprising subtotal villous atrophy, hyperplasia of Brunner's glands and Peyer's patches and moderate infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells and a few globule leukocytes, basophils and lymphocytes in the lamina propria. The HD group had total villous atrophy, severe hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of Brunner's glands, which had expanded to cover the entire submucosa. On Day 42 pi the histopathological lesions were still present in the MD and the HD groups comprising subtotal villous atrophy and hyperplasia of Brunner's glands. Heavy infiltrations of eosinophils, moderate amounts of mast cells and a few basophils, globule leukocytes and lymphocytes were still present in the lamina propria of all three groups. On Day 56 pi, a few glands were still cystic in the MD and the HD groups. Moderate cell infiltrations were still present in the lamina propria of all the three groups and by Day 84 pi complete regeneration had occurred in all animals.

The objective was to develop a non-terminal, acute normovolaemic anaemia model in dogs that has minimal effects on patient well-being. Eleven normal Beagle dogs were used. About 20 % of the circulating blood volume was removed from the jugular vein 1-3 times per day over a 3-4 day period until a haematocrit (Ht) of 13-17 % was obtained. Normovolaemia was maintained by replacing the volume deficit of the red blood cells with Ringer's lactate and re-infusing the plasma. Full blood count and Ht were monitored twice daily. The 13-17 % Ht was reached within 3-4 days with the number of phlebotomies ranging from four to seven. The model was primarily developed to determine echocardiographic values as well as Doppler abdominal splanchnic blood flow parameters in anaemic dogs as part of a study that will compare these results to similar studies in babesiosis-induced anaemia. The model may also be useful in the evaluation of the pathophysiology of anaemia in dogs or as a model for anaemia in humans.

Lymph nodes (Ln) are the preferred samples for virus isolation and detection. In the present study, carcass and visceral Ln of apparently healthy cattle were screened for the presence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) antigens. A total of 198 Ln (114 carcasses Ln and 84 visceral Ln) were collected. Lymph node homogenates were assayed by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), rapid Staphyloccocal protein A (SPA) agglutination test and Dot-ELISA. The overall results revealed that BHV-1 antigens were detected in 43.9%, 56.1% and in 68.4% of carcass Ln, and in 29.8%, 47.6% and 57.1% of visceral Ln collected from slaughtered cattle by AGPT, SPA agglutination test and Dot-ELISA respectively. On the other hand, BEFV antigens were detected in 5.3%, 38.6% and 52.6% of carcass Ln, and in 6%, 41.7% and 54.8 % of visceral Ln collected from slaughtered animals by AGPT, rapid SPA agglutination test and Dot-ELISA respectively. The results showed high percentage of positive samples with SPA agglutination test and Dot- ELISA in comparison to AGPT for both BHV-1 and BEF.

Nasopharyngeal swabs and pnuemonic lung autopsies collected from diseased or slaughtered sheep and goats suffering from respiratory manifestation were subjected to microbiological sreening. In addition, serum samples were collected from all animals were investigated. P. hemolytica was the most prevalent recovered bacterial isolates followed by S. aureus and E. coli. On the other hand, Aspergillus fumigatus was the most prevalent fungus. Aspergillus species and Candida albicans were also isolated. Most of the isolated bacterial strains were found sensitive to spectrama and chloramphenicol. Serodiagnosis of P. hemolytica by ELISA using the whole cell antigen gave positive results in 18.3 and 22.5% of diseased sheep and goats respectively and 52% and 42.1% of slaughtered pneumonic sheep and goats respectively. Also serodiagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus by indirect haemagglutination test revealed positive results in18.3and 17.5% of diseased sheep and goats respectively and 24% and 21% in sera of slaughtered pneumonic sheep and goats respectively. Histopathological changes due to P. haemolytica and Aspergillus fumigatus were recorded.

The taxonomic status of some nippostrongyline nematodes deposited in the National Collection ofAnimal Helminths, Onderstepoort, is revised. Heligmonina boomkeri n. sp. is described from Aethomys chrysophilus from South Africa. The most closely related species by the body measurementsand the pattern of the caudal bursa is Heligmonina bignonensis Diouf, Bâ & Durette-Desset, 1997, a parasite of Mastomys erythroleucus from Senegal. It differs from the new species mainly in thenumber of ventral cuticular ridges at mid-body (four versus five) and the left ala in the male is shorterthan the body diameter. The systematic position of Heligmonina spira (Ortlepp, 1939) and Neoheligmonella capensis (Ortlepp, 1939) is confirmed here through their synlophe, which was not previously studied.

Myocardial lesions were studied in sheep in which gousiekte was induced by experimental dosage of Pachystigma pygmaeum, Fadogia homblei or Pavetta harborii. The single most consistent diagnostic histological feature in 33 animals was hypertrophy of myocardial fibres in the subendocardial region. Fibrosis in the subendocardial region of the apex or left ventricular wall was often scarce or absent in animals with a short latent period, and was not always prominent even in sheep with an intermediate or long latent period. The presence or absence of fibrosis cannot therefore be used to confirm or exclude gousiekte, particularly in cases with shorter latent periods. Light microscopical and ultrastructural lesions in sheep with gousiekte correspond to a large extent to changes reported in humans with dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown cause. It appears that the myocardial lesions in gousiekte represent a final common pathway of cellular damage rather than a manifestation of a specific type of heart disease. The predilection for hypertrophy of myofibres in the subendocardial region is probably related to diminished perfusion that potentiates the primary myocardial dysfunction.

In the present study, we expected the anti-tumor effect by combined treatment of arsenic trioxide and interferon (IFN)-α on murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) cells through in vivo study. As a experimental model, LL2 cells (1×10∨6/mouse) were injected subcutaneously into the back region of mice. When the tumor volume reached 100 ㎣, mice were treated with 1 mg/kg arsenic trioxide, 50000 IU IFN-α, or arsenic trioxide and IFN-α. The development of tumor cells was significantly inhibited by combined treatment with arsenic trioxide and IFN-α. In arsenic trioxide and IFN-α treated group, apoptotic index was reached a peak valve at 48 hr after the treatment and it was restored to approximately the control level at 8 days.

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) plays an important role in regulation of melanin pigment synthesis within mammalian melanocytes. Mutations within the gene encoding MC1R have been shown to explain coat color variations within several mammalian species including cattle. To develope a rapid and accurate method for the identification of Hanwoo meat, we performed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene using TaqMan∨® MGB probe-based real-time PCR. Two specific probes (one for Hanwoo and the other for Holstein and Black angus) were designed.

GroE that is a heat shock protein composed of GroEL and GroES is known as an immunodominant target of both the humoral and cellular immune responses in bovine brucellosis. This study was carried out to characterize groE gene encoding heat shock proteins of B. abortus isolated in Korea and to evaluate the immunogenicity of the GroE protein expressed in E. coli system. In PCR the specific signals with the size of 2,077 bp were detected in five strains isolated from the mammary lymphnodes of the dairy cattle that were serologically positive and the reference strains.

Serum samples of 1,175 pigs from 148 Korean swine farms not using Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyo) vaccines were collected for seroepidemiological study of M. hyo infection by indirect ELISA method. Informations of each farm were provided about province where the farm was located and season when blood samples were collected. Then, the selected farms were divided into farm units which had 5 serum samples according to production stages : sow, suckling piglet (less than 30 days old), nursery pig (30-70 days old), and growing pig (greater than 70 days old).