The objective of this study was to compare the presence on goats and cattle of adult ticks that usually infest cattle. To this end ticks collected from sets of five goats were compared with those collected from sets of five cattle at 72 communal dip-tanks in the eastern region of the Eastern Cape Province. Amblyomma hebraeum was present on goats at 25 and on cattle at 39 dip-tanks, and a total of 61 goats and 138 cattle were infested. Adult Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was present on goats at 48 and on cattle at 69 dip-tanks, and a total of 113 goats and 242 cattle were infested. The lengths of 84 of 148 female R. (Boophilus) microplus collected from the goats exceeded 5 mm or more, indicating that they could successfully engorge on these animals. The differences between the proportions of dip-tanks at which A. hebraeum or R. (Boophilus) microplus was present on goats and cattle and also between the proportions of goats and cattle that were infested were significant (Chi square test, P 0.01). Adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was present on goats at 70 and on cattle at 67 dip-tanks, and a total of 296 goats and 271 cattle were infested. The proportion of dip-tanks at which cattle were infested did not differ significantly from the proportion of tanks at which goats were infested (Fischer's exact probability test, P = 0.44), but the proportion of infested cattle was significantly lower than the proportion of infested goats (Chi-square test, P 0.05). Adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi was present on goats and cattle at all 72 sampling localities, and a total of 334 goats and 316 cattle were infested. The proportion of infested cattle was significantly lower than the proportion of infested goats (Chi-square test, P 0.05). These results underscore the necessity of including goats in any tick control programme designed for cattle at the same locality.

The sensitivity of LAMP, PCR and microscopy to detect Theileria spp. and Trypanosoma congolense in field-derived bovine blood samples from Tanzania was evaluated and compared. No parasites were detected by microscopy. Furthermore, no bovine Theileria spp. were detected by LAMP and PCR from all the 24 samples collected from Arusha. Four and one out of 24 samples were positive for Theileria congolense infection by LAMP and PCR respectively while, 18 and nine out of 40 samples from Dar es Salaam were positive by LAMP and PCR for Theileria spp. Infection, respectively. Although all samples from Dar es Salaam were negative for Trypanosoma congolense infections by PCR, 12 out of 40 samples were LAMP positive. Whilst PCR is an established gene amplification method for the detection of Theileria and trypanosome parasites, this study introduces LAMP as an alternative molecular diagnostic tool that could be used in large-scale epidemiological surveys.

The left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA) in rats runs around the left side of conus arteriosus after arising from the aortic sinus and descends to the apex of heart with branching several branches into the wall of left ventricle (LV). The ligation site of LMDA for myocardial infarction (MI) is the 2~4 mm from LCA origin, between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle. The characteristics that rat heart has no interventricular groove on the surface and its coronary arteries run intramyocardially with branching several branches give the difficulty in surgery for MI which resulted in expected size.

The cause and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown and no definite therapy exists until now. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a herbal preparation (HemoHIM) in colitis induced by 30 mg of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Each group was treated with 1 mg of HemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 4 mg of HemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 50 mg of HemoHIM/kg of body weight (i.p. once every other day) or 100 mg/kg of HemoHIM of body weight (i.p. once every other day) from the next day.

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effects of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid oxidative damage. The antioxidative effects of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid, including liposome oxidation, oxidation of deoxyribose, protein oxidation, chelating, scavenging, and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'dG) oxidation were investigated. Houttuynia cordata root exhibited high antioxidative effect in a liposome model system. The inhibitory effect of MeOH extract on deoxyribose damage exhibited antioxidative effect and it afforded considerable protection against damage to deoxyribose.

Staphylococci are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci, normally found on the skin and mucosal surfaces of most warm-blooded animals and often involved in a wide variety of diseases in animals. Staphylococcal infections are treated with antibiotics and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and/or acquired resistance have developed. Staphylococcus (S.) intermedius and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus are 2 common veterinary isolates that are frequently associated with suppurative infections. This study was undertaken to examine antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus (23 isolates) and S. intermedius (160 isolates) isolated from dogs in Gwangju, Korea and investigate whether the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus and S. intermedius is effected by the site of isolation, age, and sex of dogs.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and is associated with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, and gastric lymphoma in humans. The differences of host susceptibility of H. pylori infection associated with host age have not been well-defined in human. To evaluate the difference in host susceptibility to infection in relation to age of acquisition of H. pylori infection, we designed an experiment involving inoculation of H. pylori ATCC 43504 at different ages of Mongolian gerbils.

A 3 year-old female Afghan hound came to the Veterinary Referral Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University for artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen. In order to inseminate, semen was frozen in USA 3 years ago. Frozen semen was sent by air from Santiago to Seoul for AI. The stud died 2 years ago, so we could only use a limited amount of frozen semen in that estrus cycle. The number of total motile spermatozoa was 59.4×10∨6 and the total volume was 1.2 ml. The frozen spermatozoa were thawed in 70℃ water for 8 sec, which were then deposited at the bilateral uterine horns by a surgical method.

To provide information for the molecular pathogenesis and antigenic structures of Korean isolates of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the small membrane (sM) protein gene of Chinju99 strain, which was previously isolated from piglets suffering from severe diarrhea was characterized and further analyzed with other PEDV strains. The sM gene of Chinju99 generated by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction had a single open reading frame with 231 bases consisting of 24.2% adenine, 18.6% cytosine, 18.1% guanine and 39.0% thymine nucleotides.

This study reveals the unusual case reported for the first time on the selective non digestion of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae by arowana fish. In January 2005, an Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) (red variety), from Daesang Tropical Fish Corporation, Seoul, Korea, mortality was observed due to unknown cause. No putative causal factors were suggested by bacteriological and parasitological examinations. Internal examination of the dissected stomach showed some undigested debris with mandible parts of mealworms attached to the mucosal lining of stomach wall.