The clinical and histopathological the effect of chitosan applied locally on the healing of experimentally induced teat fistula in goats. Sixteen local breed goats have been used, aged range between (1.2-2) years with body weight (30+-5) kg. Animals were randomly allotted into two equal groups. An artificial teat fistula of one cm.length was done for all animals under the effect of local analgesia and deep sedation. The first group, fistula was treated with chitosan 0.5gm and then closed by suture; while the second group (control one), fistula was closed routinely "via suture without any addition. After daily clinical follow-up, mild local reaction include local redness and swelling of the operative site and systemic mild hyperthermia, decrease ruminal contraction, increase respiratory rate. Histopathological examinations were performed on all animals. Eight animals used for each group :( 2 for each period). Sections were stained with hematoxylin –eosin stain. Results of Histopathological examination in treated group reflected the presence of large numbers of neutrophils In the first three days postoperatively , granulation tissue were seen in the sixty days which converted to cellular connective tissue in the ninth day with congested blood vessels .in addition there are lymphocytic aggregations ,arrangement of collagen fibers and formation of new epidermis during the 12th .days. In conclusion we can say that chitosan play an important role in enhancing repair of teat fistula.

Fenugreek has a long history of medical uses in Chinese medicine and Kurdish area .The antibacterial activity of aqueous and some organic compounds extracts of stems, leaves, seeds and roots of fenugreek were tested against three Gram-negative and one Gram-posative bacteria by the well diffusion and colony account methods. The microorganisms used were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. All extracts of the plant did not exhibit any inhibitory activity against any of the microorganisms tested by each well diffusion and colony account technique.

ABSTRAT The aim of this study is an evaluation of mastectomy for removal of mammary glands tumors of bitches referring to histopathological aspect. During a period of three years extending from March 2007 till March 2010, seventeen bitches were presented to department of surgery-college of veterinary medicine-Baghdad, suffering from mammary glands tumors were treated surgically. Diagnosis of the cases was based on case history, clinical signs, in addition several photographs were taken to denote if there was metastases of the tumor to other organ or not. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed via histopathological examination of tumors biopsies. The surgical operations were done under the effect of general anesthesia represented by a combination of Ketamine–Xylazine preceding by atropine sulfate. All drugs injected I.M. Following surgery secondary health problems were happened in seven animals out of (17 treated cases). Histopathological examination of tumor biopsies obtained from affected glands revealed that the tumor was adenocarcinoma (malignant type). Finally we can concluded that surgery is an effective method to cure the mammary glands tumors in spite of secondary complications in some bitches, which all responds to treatment with the exception of the dead bitch.

In this study , it was aimed to isolate some Bacteria from some pulmonary lesions of various pathological conditions occurring in the lungs of cows. For this aims ,samples of the investigation were obtained through the examination of a total of (660)cows ranging from 3 to 10 years of age were examined for lungs affection during the period from November 2006 to July 2007 .Out of these samples ,(148) lung ,constituting (22.4%)suspected for abnormalities were selected . The encountered pulmonary lesions which found in our study were (148) cases (22.4%), included 11 various type of pulmonary lesions associated with bacterial isolation. Escherichia coli being the most frequently isolated organism and the number of it's isolates was (68), constituting (34.9%) of the overall number of isolates. The various bacterial isolates with different pulmonary lesions are mentioned and it's significance is discussed.

This study investigated the effects of onion juice on the serum lipid components and blood pressure in obese rats fed high fat diets. Thirty-nine of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups, and were treated for 8 weeks: (1) normal diet (ND); (2) high fat diet (HFD); (3) HFD for first 4 weeks and high fat diet with 40% onion juice for the last 4weeks (H-H+O); (4) HFD with 40% onion juice for 8 weeks (H+O); (5) HFD for first 4 weeks and ND for the last 4 weeks (H-N); (6) HFD for first 4 weeks and ND with 40% onion juice for the last 4 weeks (H-N+O). The rates of increasing body weight were reduced in H+O and H-H+O groups compared with HFD group. The levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol in blood serum were significantly decreased in the H+O and H-H+O groups compared with the HFD group. Administration of onion reduced the size of adipocyte, steatosis, and serum hyperlipidemia in obese rats fed HFD. Moreover, the antihypertensive effects of onion were observed in obesity rat fed HFD. Overall results suggest that onion reduces the serum lipid components and improves hypertension in obese rat fed HFD.

Yersinia (Y.) ruckeri has been recognized as a serious bacterial pathogen to several kinds of fish, including rainbow trout. However, there are no reports about the characteristics and pathogenicity of Y. ruckeri isolated from farm-cultured eels. In this study, we isolated and characterized Y. ruckeri from the farm-cultured eel Anguilla japonica in Korea. We investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Y. ruckeri and tested the virulence of Y. ruckeri isolates on experimentally infected eels. Examination of the flagellar morphology of Y. ruckeri by electron microscopy showed peritrichous flagella in its cell body. Biochemical reaction studies showed overall identical profiles between the isolates and the reference strain of Y. ruckeri in API 20E and API ZYM tests. We sequenced the 16S rRNA of the Y. ruckeri (1,505 bp) for the genotypic characterization (National Center for Biotechnology Information accession number EU401667). Comparison of the 16S rRNA sequences with previously reported Y. ruckeri strains revealed similar phylogenetic relationships. In the virulence assay of the Y. ruckeri on eels, the eels exhibited listlessness, but Y. ruckeri was reisolated from those of the gills and kidneys.

Evaluation of the myelography was studied in miniature pigs. Radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images of the whole spine were obtained at clinically healthy twelve miniature pigs of 4 (8.7-10 kg) and 12 (26-31 kg) months. The assessments of the spinal cord were made in accordance with the Pavlov's method and compared area ratio [at spinal cord (SC), vertebral canal (VC) and vertebral body (VB)]. The Pavlov's ratio in the cervical spine was significant larger than that of thoracolumbar in radiographic myelography. On CT myelography, the area of the spinal cord had a significant difference between the cervical and thoracolumbar spine. Among the cervical spine, the ratios of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB), vertebral canal and vertebral body (VC : VB) were minimum at the level of 4th cervical spine in both ages, while maximum at the level of 6th cervical spine in both months. In case of lumbar spine, the ratios of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB) were the largest at the level of 4th lumbar spine in 4 months and at the level of 3rd lumbar spine in 12 months. In addition, the ratio of spinal cord and vertebral body (SC : VB) of the cervical spinal cord was significant lower at 4 months but the lumbar spinal cord showed lower pattern at 12 months old miniature pigs.

Animal disease surveillance system, defined as the continuous investigation of a given population to detect the occurrence of disease or infection for control purposes, has been key roles to assess the health status of an animal population and, more recently, in international trade of animal and animal products with regard to risk assessment. Especially, for a system aiming to determine whether or not a disease is present in a population sensitivity of the system should be maintained high enough not to miss an infected animal. Therefore, when planning the implementation of surveillance system a number of factors that affecting surveillance sensitivity should be taken into account. Of these parameters sample size is of important, and different approaches are used to calculate sample size, usually depending on the objective of surveillance systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the current national serological surveillance programs for four selected bovine diseases assuming a specified sampling plan, to examine factors affecting the probability of detection, and to provide sample sizes required for achieving surveillance goal of detecting at least an infection in a given population. Our results showed that, for example, detecting low level of prevalence (0.2% for bovine tuberculosis) requires selection of all animals per typical Korean cattle farm (n = 17), and thus risk-based target surveillance for high risk groups can be an alternative strategy to increase sensitivity while not increasing overall sampling efforts. The minimum sample size required for detecting at least one positive animal was sharply increased as the disease prevalence is low. More importantly, high reliability of prevalence estimation was expected with increased sampling fraction even when zero-infected animal was identified. The effect of sample size is also discussed in terms of the maximum prevalence when zero-infected animals were identified and on the probability of failure to detect an infection. We suggest that for many serological surveillance systems, diagnostic performance of the testing method, sample size, prevalence, population size, and statistical confidence need to be considered to correctly interpret results of the system.

A 5-year-old female Cocker spaniel dog (body weight 7.0 kg) was presented with primary complaints of exercise intolerance and loud precordial thrill which was noticed since she was a puppy. Physical examination revealed a grade Ⅴ/Ⅵ continuous murmur over the maximal point of the left basal area, bounding femoral pulse, but no differential cyanosis. Tall R waves were detected in electrocardiogram, suggesting left ventricular enlargement. Diagnostic imaging studies showed enlarged left ventricle, bulged descending aorta (dAo), markedly dilated right pulmonary artery, and continuous shunt flow between the dAo and main pulmonary artery. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed as left to right shunted patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The patent ductus arteriosus was treated by lodging a PDA duct occluder via the transvenous approach. Clinical signs were markedly improved after the ductal occlusion, the shunt flow was mildly persistent. The case presented is the first case of PDA occluded by the PDA duct occluder via the transvenous approach in a small breed of dog. Although the residual shunt flow was mildly persisted, the dog was clinically normal without detectable murmurs.

A 2-year-old lineolated parakeet (Bolborhynchus lineola) was presented with abdominal distention and respiratory distress for two months. The bird was poorly fleshed and the liver was enlarged on coelomic palpation. Plain and contrast radiographic examinations exhibited hepatomegaly and distended intestinal loop, which compromised the air sacs. Multifocal yperechogenecity was observed in the liver on ultrasonography. Postmortem gross examination revealed hepatomegaly with numerous pinpoint tan foci in the hepatic parenchyma and distended small intestine filled with adult ascarids. Microscopically, granulomatous hepatitis and enteritis infected by intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli were evident. Polymerase chain reaction indicated that the acid-fast bacilli were Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium.