In this study, 30 honey specimens were collected from some provinces of East-Southeast Anatolia to investigate the residue of neonicotinoid type insecticide. After the collected honey specimens were extracted with the liquid-liquid extraction method, the analyzes were carried out in a High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) device. According to the analysis results, Acetamiprid in honey samples was observed to be in the range of 0.93-4.98 μg/kg. These results were found to be below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) value of 5 μg/kg according to FAO/WHO and Turkish Food Codex (TGK). It was determined that the results obtained for other analytes were insignificant and were in accordance with the residue limits of neonicotinoids in honey.

In this study; it was aimed to determine serum Hp, Cp, and Alb levels in dogs infected with Hepatazoon canis, Distemper and Babesia canis canis. The material of the study; 45 dogs infected with H. canis (n=15), B. c. canis (n=15) by PCR analysis, and canine distemper (n=15) with the rapid diagnosis kit, which were brought to Iğdır University Tuzluca Animal Hospital formed. In addition, 15 healthy dogs were used for control purposes in the study. The serum Hp, Cp, and Alb levels of dogs with H. canis were determined as 1.8712±0.003 mg/mL, 9.1746±1.504 mg/dL, and 3.1067±0.073 g/dL, respectively. The serum Hp, Cp, and Alb levels of dogs with distemper were 1.8787±0.005 mg/mL, 7.3016±1.439 mg/dL, and 2.9667±0.080 g/dL, respectively. The serum Hp, Cp, and Alb levels of dogs with B. c. canis were measured as 1.8780±0.002 mg/mL, 7.8456±2.092 mg/dL, and 3.2467±0.129 g/dL, respectively. Whereas, serum Hp, Cp, and Alb concentrations of healthy dogs were determined as 1.8662±0.003 mg/mL, 2.9745±0.343 mg/dL, and 2.9600±0.108 g/dL, respectively. While Cp concentration of sick animals were higher than healthy animals (P<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in Hp and Alb concentrations (P>0.05). As a result, it was determined that serum Cp concentration increased in dogs with H. canis, distemper and B. c. canis compared to healthy dogs, while Hp and Alb concentrations did not change.

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of α-2 agonists used for sedation in cats, namely medetomidine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine, on intraocular pressure. Two study groups, each containing 17 animals, were formed. One of the groups was treated with 80 µg/kg medetomidine hydrochloride, and the other group with 40 µg/kg dexmedetomidine, via IM route. The animals underwent intraocular pressure measurement before sedative agent administration (T), at the time of vomiting (T1), after vomiting (T2), at 40th minute (T3), at 60th minute (T4), and 20 minutes after atipamezol administration (T5). There was no significant difference between intra-group intraocular pressure measurements taken at different times and inter-group IOP mesaurements taken at the same time points (P>0.05). A numerical increase occurred in intraocular pressure after vomiting, and intraocular pressure was found to be lower during sedation than at the baseline. In conclusion, it was determined that the administration of medetomidine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine via intramuscular route for sedation reduced intraocular pressure but the levels remained within reference range.

Diamin oxidase (dAo) as a valuable biomarker, and a mirror of the integrity/mucosal function of the small intestine (sint). The levels of dAo in the serum and mucosa of the sint could be capable of determining as an assessment of sint barrier function. Given better understanding of gut-brain-skin axis in veterinary internal medicine field, relevant data is lacking through dogs with atopic dermatitis (atode) in which resarches focus and rely on skin changes. However more data is crucial, which prompted the present author to perform this study and analyzed the relationship between integrity/mucosal function of sint to those of dogs with atode. Dogs enrolled and classified as suggested criterion for mild (10), moderate (35) and severe (60) skin lesions scoring based on CADESI-04. Commercially available Canine Diamine Oxidase ELISA Kit were purchased for dAo analytes. As detected by Quantitave Competitive ELISA, dAo levels (ng/mL) were detected as 5,28±1,19, 2,594±0,76 and 1,28±0,22, with a statistical significance of Group III in contrast to Group I, suggesting that as severity of the atode elevates, circulating dAo levels were declined in correlation. It should not be unwise to draw preliminary suggestion that dAo levels could alter in relationship with disease activity in dogs with atode. This alterations, mainly deduction, should reflect diasease activity, in which dogs in Group III (severe atode) represented lowest dAo values in contrasto to other classfied groups of disease.

The whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, dwells in the caecum and infrequently the colon in the dog. The present study aimed to detect trichuriasis in shelter dogs in Kirikkale province, Türkiye. The other reports originated from Türkiye on trichuriasis were addressed together with the results. The investigation was conducted from January through December of 2022. The faecal samples were obtained from 200 dogs (mixed breed, older than 1 year) from two different shelters in Kirikkale. The faecal samples were analysed by centrifugal flotation both zinc sulfate and saturated salt solution. Trichuris spp. eggs were only found in 0.5% of the faeces (1/200), while other parasite eggs or oocysts were found in 21.5% of the faeces examined (43/200). The eggs of Toxocara spp. (6%, 12/200), Toxascaris sp. (2.5%, 5/200), Taenia spp. (2.5%, 5/200), hookworm eggs (0.5%, 1/200), Isospora spp. oocysts (11%) (22/200) and Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts (0.5%, 1/200) were detected. Only 3/200 (1.5%) of the dogs evaluated had mixed infections. Regarding the detection of all parasite eggs and oocysts, the zinc sulfate flotation technique outperformed the flotation with saturated salt solution. Canine trichuriasis has rarely been reported in Türkiye. The results of this study also support the previous reports.

In this study, bacteriophage M8AEC16, which is lytic to Escherichia coli O157:H7, isolated and characterized within the scope of our previous studies, was used to determine the stability during 6 months of storage at +4°C, -20°C and -85°C using glycerol, skimmed milk powder and carrageenan as cryoprotectants. For this purpose, bacteriophage M8AEC16, was enriched with E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 and then phage suspension groups were prepared by adding three different cryoprotectants (test groups) in addition to those without cryoprotectant (control). Bacteriophage suspensions were stored at 3 different storage temperatures (+4°C, -20°C and -85°C) for six mount period. During storage, phage titers were determined on double-layer LB agar by making serial dilutions of phage suspensions on the 0th day and at the end of each month. As a result of the study, it was observed that stability was maintained at all temperatures for all groups during the first two months. However, in the third and fourth months, a decrease in the counts of bacteriophages were observed at -85°C in the glycerol added group. In addition to the control group, in the fifth month, carrageenan provided the highest preservation at all temperatures. In the sixth month, +4°C glycerol provided the best preservation, while carrageenan provided the highest preservation at other temperatures compared to the other test groups. In conclusion, the most successful result was obtained at +4°C for the preservation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 phage M8AEC16 considering the cost, usefulness and effectiveness.

Since the syndesmochorial placental structure of sheep does not allow the passage of large molecules from mother to offspring in intrauterine life, lambs are born hypogammaglobulinemic. The aim of this study is to compare passive transfer of immunity, neonatal morbidity and mortality, and live weight gains at day 120 between lambs receiving colostrum by suckling naturally and lambs given colostrum by bottle. 61 (n=61) lambs born to 43 sheep were randomly divided into two groups. One of the groups (NL group) received the desired amount of colostrum from the mother as they desired after birth. For the other group (BL group), access to the mothers' udder was restricted by a pouch after the lambs were born. BL group lambs were given colostrum roughly 8% of their birth weight by bottle as soon as possible after birth. Afterwards, colostrum freshly obtained from the mother was given to these lambs ad libitum every 4-6 hours during the first 24 hours. Approximately 50 ml of colostrum was taken into sterile containers from all sheep included in the study within the first 30 minutes after birth. Blood samples were taken from lambs for IgG analysis 36-48 hours after the first colostrum intake. Both serum and colostrum IgG analyses were performed by Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) method.  Serum IgG concentrations of lambs in the BL group (3155.41±1245.25 mg/dl) were found to be higher than serum IgG concentrations of lambs in the NL group (2097.02±1213.07 mg/dl). When the results were compared using Independent Samples T test, the difference between the two groups was very statistically significant (p<0.001). Neonatal morbidity and mortality were higher in lambs in the NL group (46.6%, 23.2%, respectively) than in lambs in the BL group (22.6%, 12.9%, respectively). Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity (FPT) in lambs in the NL group (30%) was much higher than in lambs in the BL group (6.45%). Although the average Live Weight (LW) of lambs in the BL group (40.70 +7.84 kg) was higher than the average of lambs in the NL group (36.47+10.46 kg), this difference was statistically insignificant. In conclusion, giving lambs colostrum by bottle as soon as possible after birth without waiting for lambs to naturally receive colostrum from the mother results in better Passive Transfer and, accordingly, lower neonatal morbidity and mortality, and thus can help reduce economic loss in sheep breeding enterprises.

Lead is one of the most important pollutants in the environment and food chain. This heavy metal causes serious health risks, especially cancer, in humans and animals. Taurine is an amino acid that can be synthesized mainly from methionine and cysteine and is used especially in the food industry. This study investigated the possible protective role of taurine on reproductive performance and DNA damage in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to lead. Lead and taurine were added to the broth of D. melanogaster at 100 µM and 3 mM, respectively, for 15 days. The Comet method was used for the determination of DNA damage. It was found that there was raise in DNA damage in the lead-administered groups, whereas taurine reduced the DNA damage induced by lead. In addition, it was determined that lead caused a decrease, whereas taurine had a positive effect on reproductive performance. As a result, it was determined that taurine prevented the negative effects of lead on D. melanogaster and showed protective properties.

The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between milk somatic cell count (SCC), total bacteria count (TBC), milk glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum paraoxonase (PON) levels, to identify the role of these parameters in subclinical mastitis at cows in the first 100 days of lactation. Animal material of this study consists of 100 Holstein dairy cows which were raised in a farm in Ankara province. Selected animals were hosted under same conditions and had suitable feeding regimen for appropriate period and were in the first 100 days of lactation. Cows which have less than 200x103 somatic cell counts in two different analysis which performed 7-10 days apart considered as healthy (n=50), and which had 200x103 somatic cell counts in two different counts performed 7-10 days apart considered as subclinical mastitis (n=50). Serum paraoxonase (PON) activity was lower in cows with subclinical mastitis than healthy ones (p<0.001), and GSH-Px activity was higher in cows with subclinical mastitis (p<0.001). It was concluded that the changes in milk SOD and GSH-Px levels are affected by the antioxidant system of the udder in subclinical mastitis, that formed oxidative stress and because of that serum PON and milk somatic cell and total bacteria have negative correlation. In conclusion, it was pointed out that serum PON activity can be used as a marker in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis and evaluation of the antioxidant status of the udder. Also, it was stood out to importance of udder antioxidant mechanisms to understand pathogenesis of subclinical mastitis especially occurs in first 100 days of lactation.

Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPVe) is an important infectious disease that has pretty high morbidity and mortality rates in puppies, which leads to vomiting and diarrhea range from mucoid to hemorrhagic. The objective of this study to investigate the changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and hematological parameters in dogs with CPVe. Sixteen healthy and twenty-seven infected male and female dogs identified by the CPV antigen rapid-test kit at ages 2-6 months old were used to collect blood samples. A complete blood count and EOF were measured from the samples. Findings of hemogram showed that WBC, RBC, and HCT values were significantly lower in infected dogs (the p-value of the first one is p<0.001, other two ones are p<0.05) compared to healthy controls. The infected dogs had non-significantly lower NEU, EOS, and PLT values, and higher LYM, MON, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values than control group (p>0.05). Although the hemolysis rate of infected dogs' erythrocytes at the concentrations of 0.4 - 0.1 % NaCl were higher than that of healthy dogs, this difference was statistically significant at only 0.3% NaCl (p<0.05). In addition, the median corpuscular fragility (MCF), equal to the NaCl concentration that lyses 50% of erythrocytes, of dogs with CPVe (0.42%) was higher than the MCF values of the control group (0.39%), but not statistically significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, besides the hematological findings revealed that WBC, RBC, and HCT values were significantly lower in dogs with CPVe than that in healthy dogs in this study, it was reported for the first time that canine parvovirus significantly increased osmotic fragility of RBCs at 0.3 % NaCl concentration compared to the control group. We concluded that to consider of these, particularly affected, blood parameters may be useful for determining the prognosis of CPVe.