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Anti-diabetic effects of benfotiamine on an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
2014
Chung, K.M., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kang, W.Y., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kim, D.G., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Hong, H.J., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Lee, Y.J., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Han, C.H., Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
Although benfotiamine has various beneficial anti-diabetic effects, the detailed mechanisms underlying the impact of this compound on the insulin signaling pathway are still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of benfotiamine on the hepatic insulin signaling pathway in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, which are a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. OLETF rats treated with benfotiamine showed decreased body weight gain and reduced adipose tissue weight. In addition, blood glucose levels were lower in OLETF rats treated with benfotiamine. Following treatment with benfotiamine, the levels of Akt phosphorylation (S473/T308) in the OLETF groups increased significantly compared to the OLETF control group so that they were almost identical to the levels observed in the control group. Moreover, benfotiamine restored the phosphorylation levels of both glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3¥�/¥�(S21, S9) and glycogen synthase (GS; S641) in OLETF rats to nearly the same levels observed in the control group. Overall, these results suggest that benfotiamine can potentially attenuate type 2 diabetes mellitus in OLETF rats by restoring insulin sensitivity through upregulation of Akt phosphorylation and activation of two downstream signaling molecules, GSK-3¥�/¥� and GS, thereby reducing blood glucose levels through glycogen synthesis.
Show more [+] Less [-]Prevalence of virulence and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) genes in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from dogs and humans in Gyeongnam and Busan, Korea
2014
Cho, H.H., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.H., Viral infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Min, W.G., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Ku, B.K., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kim, Y.H., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter (C.) spp. in stray, breeding, and household dogs was 25.2, 12.0, and 8.8%, respectively. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis were the predominant Campylobacter spp. from household dogs. cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC were detected by PCR in all isolates. Despite the high cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene prevalence, only 26 (31%) C. jejuni strains and one (15.3%) C. coli strain showed evidence of CDT production in HEp-2 cell cytotoxicity assays. Virulence-associated genes detected in the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were cadF, dnaJ, flaA, racR, ciaB, iamA, pldA, virB11, ceuE, and docC. cadF, dnaJ, flaA, and ceuE were found in all C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. When detecting Guillain-Barre syndrome-associated genes (galE, cgtB, and wlaN), galE was identified in all isolates. However, cgtB and wlaN were more prevalent in C. jejuni isolates from humans than those from dogs. Adherence and invasion abilities of the C. jejuni and C. coli strains were tested in INT-407 cells. A considerable correlation (adjusted R©�= 0.678) existed between adherence and invasion activities of the Campylobacter spp. isolates.
Show more [+] Less [-]Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in clinically normal and Dirofilaria immitis infected Korean Jindo dogs
2014
Hwang, S.H., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Park, H.J., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Seo, K.W., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Lee, S.E., Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea | Song, K.H., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
This study was conducted to determine the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in clinically normal (uninfected) Korean Jindo dogs and those infected with Dirofilaria (D.) immitis. Forty Korean Jindo dogs (22 females, 18 males) were obtained from two kennels in the Boryeong area of Chungnam Province and the Daejeon area, Korea. Significantly higher cTnI concentrations were observed in D. immitis-infected dogs than clinically normal dogs. cTnI testing in addition to thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography shows promise as an additional method for diagnosis of heartworm infection.
Show more [+] Less [-]Focal form of acquired myasthenia gravis with megaesophagus in a Yorkshire terrier dog
2014
Hahn, T.Y., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kang, M.H., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Eom, K.D., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Park, H.M., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
A 12-year-old, castrated male Yorkshire terrier dog presented with frequent regurgitations that had begun 45 days earlier and become more progressive. Radiographs revealed an air-trap region behind the cranial esophageal sphincter muscle in the esophagus and esophagographies with barium contrast showed mild esophageal dilation with decreased motility. Esophageal motility increased within 5 min of neostigmine methylsulfate administration and acetylcholine receptor antibodies titer increased to beyond the normal range. Based on these findings, acquired myasthenia gravis with focal form was diagnosed, making this the first such case diagnosed by an acetylcholine receptor antibody test in Korea.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluation of the immunogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica, a vaccine antigen
2014
Woo, S.H., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Moon, S.Y., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Byon, Y.Y., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Joo, H.G., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica is a causative agent of swine atrophic rhinitis that promotes colonization of the mucous membrane of the swine nasal cavity by Pasteurella (P.) multocida. Mixed infection with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida leads to growth inhibition of pigs, resulting in significant economic loss. There are many commercial vaccines for atrophic rhinitis, including B. bronchiseptica as a killed vaccine antigen (Ag). However, the immunogenicity of killed B. bronchiseptica Ag has not yet been elucidated; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity of killed B. bronchiseptica Ag and the type of immune response it induces. In vitro assays using mouse spleen cells and flow cytometry revealed that B. bronchiseptica Ag induced high proliferation capability of lymphocytes, especially B lymphocytes, and the proliferating cells showed a significant response to interleukin (IL)-2. B. bronchiseptica Ag also enhanced the production of IL-12, a representative cytokine for cell-mediated immunity. In vivo experiments using mice showed that the injection of B. bronchiseptica Ag markedly induced Ag-specific antibody. Taken together, these results indicate that B. bronchiseptica Ag has high immunogenicity by itself.
Show more [+] Less [-]A survey of the use of veterinary anesthetics in Korea
2014
Lee, J.W., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.I., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Cho, Y.J., Seojeong College University, Yangju, Republic of Korea | Lee, Y.A., Shingu College University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.I., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Hwang, B.R., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.J., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Jhun, H.J., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Han, J.S., Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
This study was conducted to investigate actual conditions associated with veterinary anesthetic drug use in Korea, and to obtain responses from Korean veterinarians and researchers pertaining to the use of anesthetic drugs. To accomplish this, a nationwide survey was issued to veterinarians working at animal hospitals and to researchers in the Korean Association for Laboratory Animal Science (KALAS). A self-administered questionnaire-based survey was then conducted in which respondents were asked questions about actual conditions associated with the use of animal anesthetic drugs. The survey revealed that the distribution and management of animal medicines in Korea was quite vulnerable to misuse or abuse due to a variety of factors. Therefore, a relevant regulatory system should be strictly enforced to protect vulnerable individuals from abuse or misuse.
Show more [+] Less [-]Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of Salmonella spp. in pig feces
2014
Kim, Y.K., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.Y., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jeon, A.B., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, M.H., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Bae, Y.C., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Byun, J.W., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
Salmonella are causative agents of gastroenteritis and systemic disease in animals. The invA gene was selected as a target sequence of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for diagnosis of Salmonella infection. The detection limits for broth dilution, spiked feces and enrichment were 10. 10. and 10. CFUs/mL, respectively. The LAMP assay developed in the present study may be a reliable method for detection of Salmonella spp. in pig feces.
Show more [+] Less [-]The treatment of lower extremity defects with severe proliferative tissue using an adjustable horizontal mattress suture in a Tosa dog
2014
Heo, S.Y., Chonbuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, N.S., Chonbuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
A 2-year-old male Tosa was admitted for treatment of a non-healing wound on the right forelimb. Skin tests were unremarkable; however, the lesion contained severe proliferative tissue. Surgical treatment was conducted due to the extensive skin defect and granulation tissue present. Following removal of the proliferative tissue, the wound was closed using the adjustable horizontal mattress suture method with multiple punctate relaxing incisions. The proliferative tissue healed completely after the surgical treatment. This technique can be considered an alternative treatment for the proliferative tissue when conditions require a skin graft or flap after surgical treatment.
Show more [+] Less [-]Bacterial strains isolated from Jeotgal (salted seafood) induce maturation and cytokine production in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
2014
Moon, S.Y., eju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Park, E.J., eju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Joo, H.G., eju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
Jeotgal (salted seafood) has been one of major fermented foods in Korea for long time. Although there are many studies about Jeotgal in various aspects of food, its immunological importance on hosts has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated if several bacteria isolated from Jeotgal may modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs), powerful antigen-presenting cells equipped with special immunological capabilities. 4 Jeotgal bacteria were selected as representatives and used for experiments. To treat viable DCs, those bacteria were killed at 60¡� for 30 min. The viability of DCs treated with Jeotgal bacteria was verified and two isolates significantly induced high production of interleukin-12, a representative cell-mediated cytokine of DCs. Surface activation and maturation markers (MHC class II, CD40, CD86) of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. In addition, the treated DCs showed significantly high lymphocyte stimulatory capability compared to control DCs based on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. These observations suggest that Jeotgal isolates can function as immunostimulating bacteria in hosts, like Lactobacillus. Taken together, these experimental evidences may broaden the use of Jeotgal isolates in immunological fields in addition to as a fermented food.
Show more [+] Less [-]Serological monitoring on brucellosis in livestock of Korea
2014
Sung, S.R., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.Y., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Her, M., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, K.C., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kang, S.I., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, H.K., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Cho, H.R., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.J., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jung, S.C., Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
In Korea, brucellosis has been reported periodically in cattle and rarely in dogs; however, it has not previously been screened in domestic animals such as elk, pigs and goats. To investigate the serological prevalence, serum samples were taken from the aforementioned animals annually during 2007-2013 and screened by the rose-bengal test (RBT) or modified RBT, after which positive sera were evaluated by the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Finally, RBT and STAT-positive sera were confirmed by competitive-ELISA. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from three elk that were shown to be positive serologically in 2008. There was no evidence of brucellosis in pigs. Based on serological monitoring and investigation of etiological agents, there is no evidence of outbreak of brucellosis in elk, pigs or goats of Korea since 2008. However, the possibility for brucellosis from cattle to affect these other livestock exists; therefore, extensive and continuous serological monitoring is required to maintain their brucellosis-free status.
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