The present communication deals with concurrent infestation of lice and tick in a peafowl from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. External examination of the bird revealed presence of six lice and seven tick specimens. The ectoprasites were processed and examined under microscope. The lice and tick specimens were identified as Goniodes pavonis and nymphal stages of Haemaphysalis sp respectively. This is the first study to establish the concurrent infection of Goniodes pavonis and Haemaphysalis sp in peafowl from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu and also first report of Goniodes pavonis in peafowl from India. 

Gross anatomy of sternum in white-breasted waterhen was studied. Bone samples (sternum) were collected from three carcasses of white-breasted waterhen died were brought for postmortem examination to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai. The sternum was quadrilateral in shape. The longitudinal groove on the body of the sternum extended proximally and disappeared distally. The antero-lateral process was large, three-sided polygon shaped. Postero-lateral process was clamp-like at its posterior end. Postero-lateral process extended beyond the level of body of the sternum. Foramen ovale wasnoticed in the form of a W- shaped oval notch between the body of the sternum and the postero-lateral process. The anterior border of body of the sternum was noticed with two medial pneumatic notches. 

This study presents two clinical cases in Chinchilla and Himalayan rabbits, exhibiting symptoms such as alopecia, skin lesions, and ear lesions. Skin scrapings and fecal samples were collected and processed, revealing the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei mites, Psoroptes cuniculi mites, and Eimeria oocysts. Treatment involved subcutaneous administration of Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), accompanied by supportive and topical application of Benzyl benzoate. The rabbits displayed clinical improvement, with complete recovery observed within 30 days.

A biochemical study was conducted in Japanese quail to find out the efficiency of supplementation of diet with Selenium, Vitamin E, Ocimum Sanctum and their combinations on the blood antioxidant status. Day old Japanese quail chicks belonging to the same hatch were purchased and maintained in the Institute of Poultry Production and Management, Nandanam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Chicks were weighed and randomly distributed into 8 dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 7 chicks each (168 chicks). The control chicks were fed, only with basal diet (T1) and the other treatments had, 0.2mg of selenium per kg diet (T2), 40mg of vitamin E per kg diet (T3),1g of Ocimum sanctum per kg diet (T4), Selenium 0.2mg and vitamin E 40 mg per kg diet (T5), Vitamin E 40 mg  and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T6), Selenium 0.2 mg and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T7), Selenium 0.2mg , vitamin E 40 mg and Ocimum sanctum 1g per kg diet (T8). Isocaloric and Isonitrogenous feed and water were given ad libitum. Blood  was drawn at the end of 4th, 8th and 12th week of age and the following  antioxidant analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Reduced glutathione (Eyer 1986), Catalase  (Sinha 1974), Glutathione peroxidase ( Rotruck 1973), MDA lipid peroxidation  (Yagi 1998). The results of the antioxidant analysis showed a highly significant (p<0.01) increase in all supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The MDA levels showed a highly significant (p<0.01) decrease in supplemented groups with respect to control in all weeks. The dietary supplementation of Selenium, Vitamin E and Ocimum sanctum has improved the blood antioxidant status. The combination of all the three supplements produced higher improvement than given alone. 

Hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus is considered to be an important condition in herbivores such as cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats. Due to its presence in the food animals meant for meat purpose, the disease is considered to be of economic and public health significance owing to the impact it produces on the meat industry by condemnation of the affected organs. Food animals such as sheep, goats get infected by accidental ingestion of contaminated feed and water with the eggs of the tapeworm. Development of the cysts in the intermediate host such as sheep and goats occurs in the lungs, liver and other visceral organs. The disease remains asymptomatic in most cases in spite of the presence of the hydatid cysts for a long period. A study was undertaken to find out the incidence of the hydatid cysts in sheep and goats in the Corporation slaughter house by examination of the carcasses of the slaughtered sheep and goats. By the study, an overall incidence of 6.5% in sheep and 5.8% in goats were observed with the sheep harbouring more number of fertile hydatid cysts which plays a major role in dissemination of infection to dogs.

The genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) comprises three members namely, sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) affecting sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. Capripoxvirus infections produce similar symptoms in sheep and goats, and the three viruses cannot be distinguished serologically. The Capri pox virus disease is an economically important notifiable disease of cattle, sheep and goats (OIE, 2018). This article reviews about the current scenario of Capri pox disease and the better opportunities for prevention and control of disease. Recent outbreaks of the disease have caused the major economic loss in most of the countries including India.

Follicle like structures with a minimum of 17 mm diameter and persisting for more than 6 days in the absence of corpus luteum is called as follicular cyst. It is the hypothalamo-hypophyseo gonadal axis that governs the reproductive events primarily. Plasma is a medium that reflects the changes in any organ apart from providing nutrients and draining the metabolic wastes. Cows brought for infertility treatment were screened and cows which were diagnosed as follicular cyst randomly allotted in to four groups of eight cows each. Different groups were subjected to different treatment protocols viz, Regular co-synch protocol, modified co-synch protocol, Trans-gluteal follicular cyst evacuation technique and trans-gluteal follicular cyst evacuation technique cum modified co-synch protocol for Group I, II, III and IV, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all the cows of different groups on day 0 (initiation of treatment), 7 and 9 of treatment and were analyzed for biochemical parameters. Cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, calcium and phosphorus concentration was quantified using an automatic analyser UV-VIS spectrophotometer. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) noticed between the mean concentration of biochemical parameters of different treatment groups, on days 0 and 7 in serum. The mean concentrations of cholesterol were 116.13±20.28, 59.67±10.50, 70.88±6.57 and 64.00±8.36 mg/dl in Group I, II, III and IV cows, respectively and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Group I. The mean concentration of all other biochemical parameters were non-significant (P > 0.05) between all treatment groups, on day 9 in serum. This might be due to steroid bio transformation of cholesterol. 

The present study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of Cauvery Delta region by collecting serum samples from apparently healthy sheep and sheep with the history of abortion. Serum samples from a total of about 123 animals including 64 from apparently healthy animals, 54 from animals with previous history of abortion and 5 from aborted animals were subjected to serological tests like Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Standard Plate Agglutination Test (SPAT) and indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Molecular identification was carried out with the aborted materials from 5 animals with Bcsp31 gene. The prevalence rate of Brucellosis was 26.01 %, 22.76 % and 41.46 % by RBPT, SPAT and i-ELISA respectively. Among the 5 aborted animals, two were found to be positive for brucellosis with all the four diagnostic tests. Among the three serological tests, the highest seroprevalence of 41.46 % was observed when i-ELISA was used. However, RBPT was considered to be cost effective and easy to test. Hence, from this study it can be concluded that periodical screening of animals with cost effective serological tests for diseases like brucellosis, which is of economic and public health significance is mandatory to prevent the disease outbreak and economic loss to thefarmers.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of Leptospira interrogans. Dogs can act as maintenance host for some serovars and transmit to other animals and humans through direct and/or indirect contact with urine or contaminated water and soil. A study was conducted to identify the presence of Leptospira and assessment of seroprevalence in apparently healthy dogs in Cauvery delta region (Thanjavur, Thiruvarur and Nagapattinam districts) of Tamil Nadu. Serum (n=50) and urine (n=50) samples were collected randomly from 50 dogs with history of non vaccination to leptospirosis. Dark field microscopic (DFM) examination revealed the presence of Leptospira in 12.0 per cent of serum and 24.0 per cent of urine samples. Serological screening was done by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a battery of 12 Leptospira serovars (representing the serogroups of Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pomona, Pyrogenes and Tarassovi), which revealed 56.0 per cent seropositivity to either one or several serovars, which was Icterohaemorrhagiae (46.4 per cent), Grippotyphosa (32.1 per cent), Australis (32.1 per cent), Canicola (25.0 per cent) and Autumnalis (17.9 per cent) with highly significant difference (p<0.05) in seropositivity between serovars. The predominant serovar detected in dogs in this study was Icterohaemorrhagiae followed by Grippotyphosa. It is concluded that presence of leptospirosis in dogs in Cauvery delta regions of Tamil Nadu poses the risk of transmission to animals and humans and dogs can be used as sentinel animals for identification of leptospirosis.

A three year old, male, Dachshund dog, weighing 10 Kg was presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Hassan with the history of snake bite (Russell’s viper). On physical examination, animal was dull and depressed, face was swollen and fang marks were observed on the right side of the face and blood tinged fluid was oozing from the bitten area. Animal was evincing pain on palpation of swollen area. Haemato-biochemical findings were within the normal range except for thrombocytopenia. The case was diagnosed as snake envenomation and treated with polyvalent anti snake venom intravenously, along with 100 ml of 0.9 per cent normal saline, dexamethasone and antibiotics for 5 days. Animal made uneventful recovery after 5 days of treatment.