In the present study, the humoral immune response developed following vaccination with the live-attenuated (Smithburn) Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine in sheep, goats, cattle, buffaloes and camels was investigated. Results showed that, serum neutralizing antibody titers of RVF virus started to appear in the sera of all vaccinated animals with live-attenuated Rift valley fever vaccine after the first week post-vaccination and reached its peak after the third month of vaccination. It persisted to be higher than the acceptable limit of protection (>40) in the sera of sheep and goats in more than 6 months post-vaccination while it declined in the sera of cattle, buffaloes and camels to become lower than the acceptable limit of protection (<40) after the sixth month post-vaccination. On the other hand, the serum neutralizing antibody titers remained negative in the sera of non-vaccinated (control) animals throughout the study. It could be concluded that, the neutralizing antibodies following vaccination of cattle, buffaloes and camels with live attenuated RVF (Smithburn) vaccine was low and of a short duration compared with those in sheep and goats. Hence, it is important to prepare a new vaccine which is safe and gives a high immune response for long period in cattle, buffaloes and camels instead of live attenuated (Smithburn) RVF vaccine to protect these animals species against this disease.

The eggs of femares of .4.s'c'ari.s' I.zunhric'r)iclc.s‘ which collected from the patients after given the hendazol (200mg) and then performed artificially hatching and maturation of these eggs to obtain the third larvae stage. The results appeared Prothromhin and thrombin clotting time when added the extract of the third larvae _‘ stage was prolonged when compare to the control. This study is the first time because dose not any information regarding the antithrombotic activity ofthe larvae

Liza aim fish were exposed to different concentrations of the Diazinon pesticide (Organophosphate pestieide)'(diethyl 2—isopropyI -6- methyl -4- pyriinidiny'l phosphoro ~thionate) in the acute exposure (96) hour and chronic exposure (I4) days , l'llSlDptlI.l]0l0glCE1l examination showed the hyperplasia of tl1c gill tissue, some engorgement with blood of the secondary larnellae, epithelial separation . necrosis . clubbing of epithelial cells and fusion of adjacent secondary lamcllae. These changes different according to the pesticide concentration and it's exposure time

The present study investigated the toxicologic histopathologie effect ofallatoxin Hi, 60 broiler chicks ol&rsquo; one-day aged devided randomly and equally into three groups. for dietary study, using one group as untreated control, while the other groups were given aflatoxin B. mixed with diet in concentration of 0.5 and 1.5 ppm respectively, for 30 days, the study showed fatty degeneration of liver associated with bile duct prolilicration, accompanied by infiltration of monenuclcar cells and lymphocytes. Also there was degeneration in proximal convoluted tubules mostly as hyaline degeneration especially at 0.5 ppm dose level. Those at 1.5 ppm dose level, there was focal liver cell necrosis associated with fibrosis and enlarged proliferated bile ducts. sever vacuolation and necrosis of epithelial of renal proximal convoluted tubules with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane

In this study we assessed the influences of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation on epidermal cells by apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) and the effect of green tea treatment on the inhibition of SBC formation in SKH1-hr mouse. The extent of changes following 200 mJ/㎠ (0.5 mW/sec) was studied at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 hours after exposure. SBCs were recognized by 3 hours after irradiation. There was tendency to increase from 3 hours to 24 hours and decrease from then to 36 hours after irradiation. The mice that received 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 or 800 mJ/㎠ of UVB were examined 24 hours after irradiation.

The present study was carried out to investigate the skin irritation potential of oregano oil in rabbits. A volume of 0.5 ml of test article was applied to intact and abraded skins, respectively, for 24 h in 6 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits. Parameters measured during 72 h observation period were mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and local irritation. Treatment-related toxic symptoms, as evidenced by anorexia and decreased locomotor activity, were observed in all rabbits tested. Two rabbits out of the 6 total died on day 2 after the application of test article due to treatment-related toxicity.

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs for which there is no vaccine in the world. A proper surveillance of viral activity and a timely response to ASF outbreaks depend upon the rapid diagnosis of ASF viral infection. Internationally prescribed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a fast, sensitive test routinely used in the diagnosis of the ASF. However, inactivated whole ASF virus antigen used in this test is a tedious to prepare and has a risk of outside exposure of infectious virus by laboratory accident during the preparation.

Pseudomonas aerusinosa infection was diagnosed in broiler chicks, and was submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service in Korea. The total mortality rate was about 1,500 birds out of 22,000 broilers. Clinically, affected birds showed clinical signs including depression and anorexia with lameness and trembling of the leg. At necropsy, the dead broilers appeared to have omphalitis, yolk sac infection, fibrinous epicarditis, and fibrinous exudates in liver with swollen hock joint. Microscopically, there were multiple necrotic foci in the liver, fibrinous exudates in the heart, and infiltration of heterophils into the joint spaces of the hock joint.

Systemic aspergillosis were outbroken of 17 Korean native calves at livestock farm in Kyunggi province. Two 3 months old calves were died after having diarrhea, coughing, dyspnea, nasal discharge, and abdominal breathing. These calves were diagnosed of aspergillosis as multifocal to coalescing pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional aspergillus infiltration at liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lymph nodes, lungs, intestine and cerebrum. Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the affected tissues. And the small intestine was positive against bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus on FA test. We considered that the secondary fungal infections killed the calves after BVD virus infection primarily.