The pattern of growth and carcass composition of indigenous Iraqi black goats were assessed through serial slaughter and carcass dissection of 36 kids at six different growth phases. The general linear model procedure and allometric growth ‘equations were used to assess the effects of various factors and differential growth of carcass components, ' respectively. Results showed that kids growth and carcass composition were significantly (P< 0-05 to P< O-O01) affected by the growth phase and sex of kids. The effects of growth phase clearly showed that slower growth of the body and of carcass components were observed during the third phase (i.e. after weaning). Although there was an effect on fat to lean ratios (P _ < 005), growth phase had no significant effect on dressing out proportion, and lean to bone ratios. A significant influence of sex (P < 0-O5) "was observed on lean to bone ratios. The log/log regression of weights of dissectible carcass components on hot carcass and empty body weight showed that the differential growth of bone was declining and that of lean was isometric relative to the growth of empty body weight. For carcass fat, the allometric growth coefficients (b) of 1.6 indicated that fat is a late maturing body component. Moreover the growth of carcass fat relative to empty body weight in local goat was slower than that reported for other goat breeds

ABSTRACT _ The fertility and viability rates of hydatid cysts obtained from livers and lungs of goat,camels and buffaloes were investigated .Out of (659) cysts (198 from goat,241 from buffaloes and 220 from camels) .examined ,520(164 from goat ,156 from buffaloes and 200 from camels were fertile (containing living protoscolices).The mean viability rates in -the liver cysts of goat camel and buffalo were (77.4%, 76.8% and 76.7%) respectively whereas those in the lung cyst of the same hosts,in the same order were 81.2% 75% and - 84.65% respectively. The growth rate of lung cysts was slower than those of liver in all hosts investigated. . Three hosts investigated seem to be suitable hosts for Echinococcus granulosus .However ,goats seem to be the most significant host that contributes actively in A perptuation of life cycle of this parasite in Iraq .

It can be prepared a good drug or antibiotic depending on this research .its same as build a beautiful house depending on a good building factors, this research is about the important relation between the biological activity (the activity against the microbes) and stereochemical structure of the preparing compounds .To obtain this relation two ‘compounds has been prepared and tested on different species - r j (§_t.aureus, _F:._c_ofi, candida albicans), one of these two compounds has show more activity than the other even the difference between them is simple, this question was push us to study the more active compound (compound (l)), why it more active against the microbes, _ also this question led us to estimate the important relation five factors effecting the relation, th1s relation was obtained not from the two compounds only, but depending on more than these compounds the relation was obtained, also preparing compounds in this research are enough to illustrate the five factors leading to the important relation. _ ‘To understanding the research idea or the important relation, compound (3) was _ prepared which its more active than the two compounds. , ' All the three compounds have identify by melting point, solubility test, CHNSO analyzer, l.R., and uv-visible spectra

The effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene dye were studied in rats by exposing skin directly to the dye. Twenty one mature rats Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups and I represented by (control group Tlgroup treated with ether (vehicle) only, and T2 group treated with dimethylaminoazobenzene. dissolved in ether). The obtained results concluded the carcinogenic effects of dimethylaminoazobenzene depending on marked grossly and histological changes represented by appearance of skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) types in T2 group

Objective-To evaluate the effects of metabolic acidosis and changes in ionized calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration on Pao2 in dogs. Animals-33 anesthetized dogs receiving assisted ventilation. Procedure-Normal acid-base status was maintained in 8 dogs (group I), and metabolic acidosis was induced in 25 dogs. For 60 minutes, normocalcemia was maintained in group I and 10 other dogs (group II), and 10 dogs were allowed to become hypercalcemic (group III); hypocalcemia was then induced in groups I and II. Groups II and IV (5 dogs) were treated identically except that, at 90 minutes, the latter underwent parathyroidectomy. At intervals, variables including Pao2, Ca(2+) concentration, arterial blood pH (pHa), and systolic blood pressure were assessed. Results-In group II, Pao2 increased from baseline value (96 +/- 2 mm Hg) within 10 minutes (pHa, 7.33 +/- 0.001); at 60 minutes (pHa, 7.21 +/- 0.02), Pao2 was 108 +/- 2 mm Hg. For the same pHa decrease, the Pao2 increase was less in group III. In group I, hypocalcemia caused Pao2 to progressively increase (from 95 +/- 2 mm Hg to 104 +/- 3 mm Hg), which correlated (r = -0.66) significantly with a decrease in systolic blood pressure (from 156 +/- 9 mm Hg to 118 +/- 10 mm Hg). Parathyroidectomy did not alter Pao2 values. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Induction of hypocalcemia and metabolic acidosis each increased Pao2 in anesthetized dogs, whereas acidosis-induced hypercalcemia attenuated that increase. In anesthetized dogs, development of metabolic acidosis or hypocalcemia is likely to affect ventilatory control.

Objective-To evaluate whether additive genetic correlations existed between certain aspects of the radiographic appearance of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bones (RNB) or between RNB and other types of radiographic changes in the limbs of Hanoverian Warmblood horses. Animals-5,157 horses. Procedures-Quasi-linear and binary traits were defined by the appearance of canales sesamoidales (CSs) and the structure and contour of the forelimb navicular bones (NBs). Prevalences of osseous fragments in the metacarphophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) and tarsocrural joints and deforming arthropathy in tarsal joints were analyzed as binary traits. Genetic parameters were estimated by use of multivariate linear models. Results-Heritability estimates for the RNB traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.34. Additive genetic correlations among those traits were usually close to unity. Extensive radiographic changes in the NBs, including changes in CSs and alterations in structure and contour, had correlations with less distinct radiographic changes. Negative additive genetic correlations were observed between small numbers of short and conical CSs in the central portion of the distal border of the NB and osseous fragments and arthropathy, and between most types of radiographic findings in the NBs and osseous fragments in tarsal joints. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The genetic bases for different types of RNB were not identical. The detection of correlations between normal RNB and findings of short and conical CSs versus deformed CSs and structural and contour changes warrants further study. Genetically justified distinction between physiologic and pathologic NB changes will increase the efficiency of selecting against NBs with radiographically apparent alterations.

The heads ol‘ ten adult goats ol‘ both sexes were used to study the hypothalamic blood supply .lt was found that the hypothalamus is ‘supplied by branches of cranial cerebral , cranial communicating arteries, caudal communicating as well as from tiny branches of ophthalmic artery. The blood supply ol‘ mammillary body branches from the caudal cerebral, communicating and last branches ol‘ basilar artery. The hypothalamus is rather small in comparison to the rest of brain. Its blood supply is extremely rich , feeding from many branches ofcranial cerebral arteries that forms the circle ofwillis. This indicates that the hypothalamus has very high activity.

Random 'l‘n5 mutagenesis produced 2l cysteine/methionine and 13 methionine au.'otrophic mutants of‘ Sinorliiznbimn me/1'/or/' strain Rmd20l. Linkage of Tn5 to auxotroph indicated that each mutant had a single 'l‘n5 insertion. All auxotroph showed spontaneous reversion to prototrophy and they resembled the parental strain in production ofcell surface molecule and utilization of sugars and dicarboxylic acid.

The protein extract from powder milk were prepared by extraction, followed by purification and fractionation using gel filtraction. One peak was obtained from powder milk with molecular weight of 22KDa. ELISA and skin test were performed on 195 patients tested with powder milk.The rate of positive results to skin test and ELISA was 60.51%. - ‘ ‘ There were significant differences P

An allergic extracts from cow's, goat's and buffalo's milk were prepared with extraction, followed by purification and fractionation by gel filtration, one major peak was obtained from cow, goat and buffalo milk with molecular weight of23KD, 26 KD, ISKD respectively. Total and specific IgE ELISA testing was performed on I37 patients serum samples. The . rate of specific IgE positive ELISA results was 58%in ease of patients tested with goat milk allergen and 57% in case of patients tested with buffalo milk allergen. There were significant differences I’