In this study a total of 928 Holstein cows daughters of 33 sires bred at Al-Naser Dairy Cow Station (60 km south of Baghdad) were used to appraisal the final score for the 14 linear type traits: rear udder height (RERUDHIH), teat length (TETLENGT), strength(STRENGTH), dairy form (DAIRYFOM), rump angle (RUMPANGL), body depth (BODYDEP), fore udder attachment (FORUDER), teat placement (TETPLACM), udder depth (UDERDEPT), udder suspension (UDERSUSP), rear udder width (RERUDWID), rear leg set (RLSET), foot angle (FOTANGLE) and rump width (RUMPWIDT). Heritability of type traits ranged from 0.080 to nearly one, and different methods did not exhibit high variability in heritability estimates for each trait. Age showed significant affect on BODYDEPT and TETPLACEM. Day in milk showed significant effect on TETLENGT, STRENGTH and UDDERDEPT. The genetic correlation among type traits ranged from -0.724 to 0.904. It was positive and high between milk yield and RERUDERWIDT, RUMPANGL and TETLENGT. However, milk yield negatively correlated with UDERDEPT and RLSET. The breeding values for sires in deferent traits ranged from -7.656 to 8.868, and showed a high variability among sires for each trait in this study

Brush border enzymes activity were decreased in group infected with giardiasis comparing with the control group, probably represent a direct effect of this parasite on the brush border of the enterocytes. The present study indicated that mucosal enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and lipase) levels were altered in infected rats after (1-2) weeks post infection compared to control group. concentration of both enzymes were increased during infection and this phenomenon was taken as mucosal marker for malabsorption.

The was conducted on 15 dogs of either sex and of different breed presented at my clinic (canine clinic* during a period of sex months. Their ages were ranging between 2-3 years. The dogs showing unilateral or bilateral swollen ear that is Haematoma. The surgical treatment was done by making a longitudinal incision on in entire length of haematoma. After draining the blood or serum, cleaning the debris. Haematoma pocket flushed with saline or week tincture iodine. Horizontal interrupted materess suture placed parallel to the incision, the pinna was dressed with antiseptic then bandaged with compression bandage to keeping the ear in erect position. The suture removed after 9-10 days post operation. Bandaging will continue to 6 more days till the operated ear return to its normal condition.

Alcohol extracts of the plant Salicornia herbacea L. were prepared, and found to be very effective against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Cytotoxicit againsty human red blood cells, were studied and found that alcohol extract is not toxic, has a toxicity of 2500mg/ml. Biological characteristics were studied by the measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations on isolates of standard and pathological, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Minimum lethal dose that kill 50% of population (LD50) of Alcohol extracts were measured and found to be 6000mg/kg. Stability of Alcohol extracts at different pH and temperature ranges were measured also.

Two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeroginosa of bacteria were exposed to different concentrations ( 5 , 10 or 25 mg /l )of heavy metals ions ( Silver Ag2+ , Cobalt Co2+ or Lead Pb2+) for different exposure periods ( 0 , 1, 2, 24 and 48 hrs.) .The results showed that the inhibitory effect of these metals on the growth of the two isolates were in the following sequences :- Pb < Co < Ag Some of these metals caused an elongation of lag phase in liquid medium for these isolates . Whene antibiotic discs ( chloramphenicol 30 mcg , clindamycin 2 mcg , erythromycin 15 mcg , gentamycin 10 mcg ,tetracyclin 30 mcg and vancomycin 30 mcg ) were added to solid medium which was previously supplemented with the above heavy metals ions , a synergestics effect was observed between antibiotics and heavy metals ions ( specially silver ions at 25 mg/ l )to increase the inhibition zone significantly ( P < 0.01 ) for both isolates .

The clinical and histopathological the effect of chitosan applied locally on the healing of experimentally induced teat fistula in goats. Sixteen local breed goats have been used, aged range between (1.2-2) years with body weight (30+-5) kg. Animals were randomly allotted into two equal groups. An artificial teat fistula of one cm.length was done for all animals under the effect of local analgesia and deep sedation. The first group, fistula was treated with chitosan 0.5gm and then closed by suture; while the second group (control one), fistula was closed routinely "via suture without any addition. After daily clinical follow-up, mild local reaction include local redness and swelling of the operative site and systemic mild hyperthermia, decrease ruminal contraction, increase respiratory rate. Histopathological examinations were performed on all animals. Eight animals used for each group :( 2 for each period). Sections were stained with hematoxylin –eosin stain. Results of Histopathological examination in treated group reflected the presence of large numbers of neutrophils In the first three days postoperatively , granulation tissue were seen in the sixty days which converted to cellular connective tissue in the ninth day with congested blood vessels .in addition there are lymphocytic aggregations ,arrangement of collagen fibers and formation of new epidermis during the 12th .days. In conclusion we can say that chitosan play an important role in enhancing repair of teat fistula.

This study were carried out on 20 healthy of spleen healthy adult Awasi sheep.The anatomical study include study of length, width Thickness, weight of 10 spleen.The average measurements were 9.93+0.342;6.48+0.233;2.48+0.142 cm and 69+6.663 gram respectively while the histological study include the thickness of capsule and trabeculae ,splenic white pulp diameter ,lymphoid nodule diameter were determind on 10 spleens.The average measurements were 140.5±13.712; 82.75±9.7; 505±34.245; 315.25±23.185 μ respectively. The periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) containing One central artery that branched into 2-3 arteries.

Ticks collected from domestic cats (Felis catus), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus),caracals (Caracal caracal), African wild cats (Felis lybica), black-footed cats (Felis nigripes), a serval (Leptailurus serval), lions(Panthera leo), and leopards (Panthera pardus) were identified and counted. Thirteen species of ixodid ticks and one argasid tick were identified from domestic cats and 17 species of ixodid ticks from wild felids. The domestic cats and wild felids harboured 11 ixodid species in common. The adults of Haemaphysalis elliptica, the most abundant tick species infesting cats and wild felids, were most numerous on a domestic cat in late winter and in mid-summer, during 2 consecutive years. The recorded geographic distribution of the recently described Haemaphysalis colesbergensis, a parasite of cats and caracals, was extended by 2 new locality records in the Northern Cape Province,South Africa.

This study was conducted on 1178 lamed animals of equine species. Cases were classified according to the species, affected part of the foot, and nature of the affection. Hoof affections represented in about 722 animals with 61.3 % of total lame animals. The percentages of hoof affections were higher in forefeet than hind feet. The present study revealed that sandy cracks, toe- in and long toe were the predominant hoof wall affections. The corn was the highest sole affections followed by white line disease and the lowest percentages were flat foot and bruised sole. The highest affection percentage in frog was thrush followed by picked up nail and the lowest was in under run heel.

A study was performed on fifty normal goats for radiographic (only 20 animals), and sonographic (the all 50 animals) investigations. Radiographic results revealed that, both kidneys had bean shaped and smooth contour. The right kidney position was constant due to its relation with the liver, while, the left kidney was mobile and its position varied according to the degree of fullness of the rumen due to its long mesentery. The sonographic results revealed the position, shape, dimensions and echogenicity of kidneys, by using 3.5/5.0 MHz curved transducer and 6.0/8.0 MHz linear transducer. The renal capsule was represented by a very fine echogenic lines around the kidney that couldn’t be distinguished from the peri-renal fat. The cortex was more echogenic than the medulla and had uniform finely granular hypoehoic pattern. The corticomedullary junction was slightly more echogenic than the cortex due to the presence of the arcuate arteries. The medulla was observed as hypoechoic area interrupted by bright echogenic lines representing the recesses and interlobular arteries that gave the appearance of typical medullary pyramids. The dimensions of the right kidney were 5.32 ± 0.12, 2.79 ± 0.07, 0.64 ± 0.01, 1.52 ± 0.03, 2.74 ± 0.09, 1.27 ± 0.06, 1.25 ± 0.05, and 1.72 ± 0.09; and the dimensions of the left kidney were 5.34 ± 0.12, 2.80 ± 0.07, 0.65 ± 0.01, 1.55 ± 0.03, 2.76 ± 0.09, 1.26 ± 0.06, 1.28 ± 0.05, and 1.73 ± 0.1, for the length, width, cortical thickness, medullary thickness, depth, diameter of renal sinus, diameter of renal parenchyma, and circumference of renal pyramids respectively.