A 38-week-old non-descript laying hen weighing 2.1 kg was presented with the complaint of anorexia and failure to lay eggs for the past 4 days. Clinical examination revealed that the bird had frequent cloacal straining and further egg-like hard mass was palpable on digital examination. Radiographic examination confirmed egg-bound syndrome. The vent was cleaned and cloacal mucosa was desensitized. By gentle digital milking two intact eggs and a broken egg were retrieved. Post-operatively the hen was administrated with Inj. Oxytocin @ 1IU i/m along with antibiotic therapy for 7 consecutive days.

A Holstein Friesian crossbred cow after six months of second calving was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni, with a history of whitish vaginal discharge for the past two weeks. Rectal examination revealed bilaterally distended uterine horns with no palpable foetal structures and purulent material was expelled during the examination. Ultrasound examination revealed hyperechoic contents in both the uterine horns and a mature corpus luteum in the right ovary. Based on the clinical and ultrasound findings, the case was diagnosed as pyometra. Approximately 1.6 litters of purulent materials were evacuated using a suction apparatus and inj. PGF2αwas administered on the same day. The cow was treated with parenteral antibiotic, antihistamine and intrauterine antibiotic therapy for five days. After a month of sexual rest, a follow-up ultrasound examination revealed a normal uterus with no signs of pathology and the cow was subsequently inseminated. The case of open type pyometra in the lactating Holstein Friesian crossbred cow was successfully treated by evacuating the purulent material using a suction apparatus and followed by therapeutic management.

In recent decades, proper and high-quality food rations have been important factors in the development of the shrimp industry, its growth and maintaining its health. Since, macroalgae and probiotics play significant role in aquaculture development.This study investigates the synergistic effect of a premixed extract of brown macroalgae (Sargassum ilicifolium،Nizimuddinia zanardini،Padina australis, and Cystoseira Indica, MPE) and probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS0 (P) on the growth performance, and digestive activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, 2400 post-larvae with an average weight of 1.29±0.28 mg were randomly distributed at a density of 100 individuals in 8 experimental groups with 3 replications for each group. The control group received a diet without MPE and P, while the other groups were fed diets containing 15 g kg-1 of MPE, 1 g 100g-1 of P (P1), 2 g 100g-1 of P (P2), 3 g 100g-1 of P (P3), MPE+P1, MPE+P2, and MPE+P3 respectively for 60 days. The results showed that the groups fed MPE+P2 and MPE+P3 had the highest specific growth rates (SGR), final weights (FW) and weight gains (WG), which were significantly different from the control and other experimental groups (p<0.05). The MPE+P2 group also had the highest enzyme activities for lipase (2.02±1.37 U mL-1 protein) and protease (76.37±883.33 U mL-1 protein) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Simultaneous use of extracts from brown macroalgae and probiotic Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 2 g 100-1 g of diet improved growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of shrimp.

Oregano is an aromatic plant native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and Asia which is rich in plant chemical compounds including carvacrol and thymol, as well as phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. In this study, the effects of using oregano essential oil niosomal nanocarriers on the lipid peroxidation and the plasma antioxidant defense of Cyprinus fingerlings were investigated. A total of 240 common carp fingerling were fed in four groups, i.e., basic diet (control group), basic diet+0.05 (T1),+0.1 (T2),+1.5 g/Kg (T3) nano-niosomal oregano powder. On day 30 and day 60, the amount of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly reduced in the treatments that had oregano added to their diet compared to the control group (p<0.0001). By ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, a significant increase in the antioxidant capacity of plasma was observed on day 60 in the T2 (p=0.0003) and T3 (p<0.0001) compared to the control group.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral haemorrhagic disease affecting pigs. This study uses official surveillance data to investigate the persistence and spread of ASF in wild boar populations in Serbia from 2020 to 2024. A total of 480 ASF cases were analysed, with spatiotemporal clustering conducted via SaTScan™ and proximity analyses performed in the Quantum Geographic Information System. The yearly prevalence of ASF in wild boar rose steadily from 0.66% in 2020 to 1.47% in 2023. Seasonal trends showed a significant increase in cases during winter (68%) and spring (24%). Five distinct clusters were identified, predominantly near the borders with North Macedonia and Bulgaria, suggesting potential cross-border transmission. Proximity to major roads was significantly associated with ASF case distribution (p  0.01), while proximity to water bodies and elevation showed no consistent pattern. The findings highlight critical gaps in current passive surveillance systems, which likely underestimate ASF prevalence. The study underscores the need for enhanced surveillance in remote and wooded areas and proposes strategies to improve ASF monitoring and control in wild boar populations. Contribution: This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, non-invasive surveillance methods for ASF detection, offering critical insights for low-income countries where resources for intensive disease monitoring are limited. By demonstrating how environmental and anthropogenic factors drive ASF dynamics, this research provides actionable strategies for improving regional and global ASF control efforts.

The objective of the present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the renal anatomy in dogs and cats. A sample consisting of twenty healthy adult subjects (ten domestic cats and ten domestic dogs) was utilized for this investigation. The average weight of the local feline population was recorded at 2 &plusmn; 0.4 kg, whereas the local canine average weight was significantly higher at 20 &plusmn; 3 kg, with both species represented within the age range of one to three years. The anatomical and morphometric attributes of the kidneys were examined post-slaughter. Observations from the gross anatomical assessment revealed that the canine kidney is characterized as a single, bean-shaped renal organ with a smooth surface, possessing a solitary renal papilla. The renal cortex exhibited a reddish-brown hue, while the renal medulla was distinguished by two zones: an outer, darker zone and an inner, lighter zone. Both kidneys are encapsulated, situated against the dorsal abdominal wall within the lumbar region, lateral to the vertebral column. The average weights of the right and left kidneys were found to be 50.05 &plusmn; 5.44 grams and 53.97 &plusmn; 7.42 grams, respectively. Additionally, the average lengths measured 5.18 &plusmn; 1.87 cm for the right kidney and 5.36 &plusmn; 2.18 cm for the left kidney, with widths recorded as 3.47 &plusmn; 0.68 cm for the right and 4.23 &plusmn; 1.20 cm for the left.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease that poses significant threat to public health in Iraq. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of CCHF in humans, with a focus on occupational exposure, mortality rates, and temporal distribution. The retrospective analysis identified 290 confirmed cases reported between 2022 and 2023, with a total incidence case estimate of 13.5 per 100,000 individuals. The highest proportion was found among housewives (36%), followed by animal&rsquo;s owners (21%) and animal&rsquo;s sellers (16%). The mortality rate was estimated to be2.1 per 100,000 individuals, with a case fatality rate of 15.5%. The temporal analysis revealed a peak incidence in June 2022 (1.86 per 100,000 individuals) and May 2023 (1.53 per 100,000 individuals), highlighting seasonal patterns in disease transmission. The study concluded that CCHF is endemic disease in Thi-Qar province, and therefore, intervention programs are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of new cases. The suggested control program should include the application of acaricides to reduce tick infestations, the enforcement of regulations to prevent illegal animal slaughtering, and public awareness campaigns to improve the knowledge about the disease.

This work was conceived as a contribution to the study of the cytotoxicity of different ‌concentrations of cerium ‌oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs&ge;25nm, nanoceria) (10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 ‌‌&micro;g/ml) against two cell lines involves breast epithelial HBL-100 and Rat&rsquo;s Embryonic Fibroblast ‌‌(REF) in vitro, by using MTT assay technique. The results showed that the nanoceria reduced ‌significantly the cell viability of HBL-100 at all concentrations compared with the control, except ‌the concentration 60 &micro;g/ml that reduced the cell viability without significant differences compared ‌with control, the IC50 value of the nanoceria for the HBL-100 was 81.00 &micro;g/mL. While, the cell ‌viability of REF was reduced with high significant difference by all nanoceria&rsquo;s concentrations ‌compared with control, and the IC50 value of the nanoceria was 1.56 &micro;g/mL. So, we ‌may conclude ‌that nanoceria with the &gt;25nm particle size have high cytotoxicity for REF cell line at low and ‌high concentration compared with the HBL-100 cell viability that decreased exponentially with ‌the concentration. ‌

Out of 200 milk samples collected from apparently normal cows in Basrah province from 21 November 2023 to 6 February 2024, 95 (48)% were positive for the CMT test. This study used various techniques to detect the presence of staphylococcus aureus, including conventional microbiological assays (mannitol salts agar and CHROMagar&trade; Staph aureus) and molecular methods (amplifying the nuc gene using polymerase chain reaction ). The percentage of S. aureus isolates was 38 (19 % ).From 38 ( 19 %) S. aureus isolates, 27 (71%) carried the mecA gene, 6 (16%) carried pvl, while none of the isolates carried the mecC gene.

AbstractThe potential of natural extracts in cancer treatment has garnered significant attention, particularly for their ability to target cancer cell proliferation. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of bile juice extracted from the Iraqi Eastern Green Frog were investigated on two cancer cell lines: SK-GT-4 (esophageal cancer) and AMGM (glioblastoma). This study demonstrated the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of Iraqi frog bile juice on both SK-GT-4 and AMGM cancer cell lines. MTT assay results showed that bile juice significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with the highest concentrations (6000 &micro;g/ml and 2000 &micro;g/ml) showing substantial inhibition. For SK-GT-4 cells, the inhibition reached 79.35% at 6000 &micro;g/ml, while for AMGM cells, the inhibition was 67.54% at the same concentration. At lower concentrations (500 &micro;g/ml), inhibition was minimal, with SK-GT-4 cells showing only a 7.85% inhibition and AMGM cells showing 2.02%. The IC50 values were calculated as 1674 &micro;g/ml for SK-GT-4 and 1879 &micro;g/ml for AMGM cells. The results suggest that bile juice from the Iraqi Eastern Green Frog possesses significant anticancer activity, particularly against esophageal cancer (SK-GT-4) and glioblastoma (AMGM) cells, with a clear dose-dependent response. These findings highlight the potential of frog bile as a natural agent for cancer treatment. Future studies should focus on isolating and identifying the active compounds in the bile, exploring their mechanisms of action, and evaluating their therapeutic potential in vivo.