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Predictive value of tracer studies for 131I treatment in hyperthyroid cats.
1988
Broome M.R. | Turrel J.M. | Hays M.T.
Effects of topical application of amitraz on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in dogs.
1988
Hsu W.H. | Schaffer D.D.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and in vitro antibacterial activity of rifampin in the horse.
1988
Wilson W.D. | Spensley M.S. | Baggot J.D. | Hietala S.K.
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of rifampin were determined after IV (10 mg/kg of body weight) and intragastric (20 mg/kg of body weight) administration to 6 healthy, adult horses. After IV administration, the disposition kinetics of rifampin were best described by a 2-compartment open model. A rapid distribution phase was followed by a slower elimination phase, with a half-life (t1/2[beta]) of 7.27 +/- 1.1 hours. The mean body clearance was 1.49 +/- 0.41 ml/min.kg, and the mean volume of distribution was 932 +/- 292 ml/kg indicating that rifampin was widely distributed in the body. After intragastric administration of rifampin in aqueous suspension, a brief lag period (0.31 +/- 0.09 hour) was followed by rapid, but incomplete, absorption (t1/2[a] = 0.51 +/- 0.32 hour) and slow elimination (t1/2[d] = 11.50 +/- 1.55 hours). The mean bioavailability (fractional absorption) of the administered dose during the first 24 hours was 53.94 +/- 18.90%, and we estimated that 70.0 +/- 23.6% of the drug would eventually be absorbed. The mean peak plasma rifampin concentration was 13.25 +/- 2.70 microgram/ml at 2.5 +/- 1.6 hours after dosing. All 6 horses had plasma rifampin concentrations > 2 microgram/ml by 45 minutes after dosing; concentrations > 3 microgram/ml persisted for at least 24 hours. Mean plasma rifampin concentrations at 12 and 24 hours after dosing were 6.86 +/- 1.69 microgram/ml and 3.83 +/- 0.87 microgram/ml, respectively. We tested 162 isolates of 16 bacterial species cultured from clinically ill horses for susceptibility to rifampin. All strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Str equi, Str equisimilis, Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were highly susceptible to rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml).
Show more [+] Less [-]Susceptibility of cats to infection with Ehrlichia risticii, causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis.
1988
Dawson J.E. | Abeygunawardena I. | Holland C.J. | Buese M.M. | Ristic M.
Eight adult cats were inoculated IV (n = 6) or SC (n = 2) with Ehrlichia risticii-infected P388Dl (continuous murine macrophage) cells or with E risticii released from P388D1 cells. Three additional cats were inoculated with organism-free P388D1 cultured monocytes, and 1 cat, which served as a medium control, was inoculated with balanced salt solution. Clinical signs of illness were observed in the IV inoculated cats from which E risticii was isolated. One cat developed intermittent diarrhea between postinoculation days (PID) 8 and 18, and the other cat developed lymphadenopathy, acute depression, and anorexia between PID 20 and 24. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated in cultures from 2 of 6 IV inoculated cats on PID 6, 10, and 17. Both cats were inoculated with E risticii released from the P388D1 cells. Ehrlichia risticii was not isolated from SC inoculated cats or from control cats. All 8 cats inoculated with E risticii seroconverted between PID 10 and 23. A pony inoculated with E risticii isolated from 1 of the inoculated cats developed clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis including fever, anorexia, depression, and mild colic. Ehrlichia risticii was isolated from the blood of this pony on PID 7, 9, 11, and 16.
Show more [+] Less [-]Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of beef calves grazed on irrigated pastures in the lower Sacramento Valley of California.
1988
Charles T.P. | Baker N.F.
Proteins specified by bovine herpesvirus-2.
1988
Adams S.W. | Balachandran N. | Hutt Fletcher L.M.
Fixation procedures for retention of cellular morphologic features and for preservation of immunoreactivity of canine paramyxovirus antigens.
1988
Baumgartner W. | Krakowka S.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced liver disease in horses: an early diagnosis.
1988
Mendel V.E. | Witt M.R. | Gitchell B.S. | Gribble D.N. | Rogers Q.R. | Segall H.J. | Knight H.D.
Influence of alterations in heart rate on echocardiographic measurements in the dog.
1988
Jacobs G. | Mahjoob K.
Effects of weaning on diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in three-week-old pigs.
1988
Sarmiento J.I. | Dean E.A. | Moon H.W.
Effects of weaning on diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in three-week-old pigs.
1988
Sarmiento J.I. | Dean E.A. | Moon H.W.
We attempted to determine whether weaning is required for induction of diarrhea in pigs with postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Three-week-old newly weaned pigs and their suckling littermates were inoculated with the K88+ enterotoxigenic E coli strain M1823B. Fourteen of 21 weaned and 12 of 20 suckling pigs were genetically resistant to intestinal adhesion by the K88+ strain of E coli; they remained healthy, and gained weight at similar rates. Both groups of K88-resistant pigs gained weight faster, and shed fewer bacteria of strain M1823B in their feces, than did their K88-susceptible counterparts. Diarrhea developed in K88-susceptible pigs in the weaned (6 of 7 pigs) and suckling (4 of 8 pigs) groups, and 1 of the 4 affected suckling pigs died from complications resulting from diarrhea. The incidences of diarrhea, weight gain rates, and the numbers of strain M1823B shed in feces of susceptible weaned and suckling pigs were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. Diarrhea scores of susceptible weaned pigs were significantly (P < 0.02) higher than those of susceptible suckling pigs on the second day after inoculation. In this experimental model, it was concluded that weaning is not required for induction of diarrhea, but may modestly increase its severity.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effects of weaning on diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in three-week-old pigs
1988
Sarmiento, J.I. | Dean, E.A. | Moon, H.W.
We attempted to determine whether weaning is required for induction of diarrhea in pigs with postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Three-week-old newly weaned pigs and their suckling littermates were inoculated with the K88+ enterotoxigenic E coli strain M1823B. Fourteen of 21 weaned and 12 of 20 suckling pigs were genetically resistant to intestinal adhesion by the K88+ strain of E coli; they remained healthy, and gained weight at similar rates. Both groups of K88-resistant pigs gained weight faster, and shed fewer bacteria of strain M1823B in their feces, than did their K88-susceptible counterparts. Diarrhea developed in K88-susceptible pigs in the weaned (6 of 7 pigs) and suckling (4 of 8 pigs) groups, and 1 of the 4 affected suckling pigs died from complications resulting from diarrhea. The incidences of diarrhea, weight gain rates, and the numbers of strain M1823B shed in feces of susceptible weaned and suckling pigs were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. Diarrhea scores of susceptible weaned pigs were significantly (P < 0.02) higher than those of susceptible suckling pigs on the second day after inoculation. In this experimental model, it was concluded that weaning is not required for induction of diarrhea, but may modestly increase its severity.
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