Cervico-vaginal prolapse is a common complication in pluriparous cows and buffaloes due to relaxation of pelvic ligaments in mid to late gestation. Successful management of mishandled cases of post-partum vagino-cervical prolapse by quacks is reported in the present study.

Vaginal hyperplasia is a common reproductive disorder in intact female dogs, primarily occurring during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle due to elevated estrogen levels. This case report describes the successful surgical management of Type III vaginal hyperplasia in a nulliparous, one-year-eight-month- old Labrador Retriever, kept for breeding purposes. The dog was presented with a protruding vaginal mass and stranguria for 12 days. Clinical examination revealed a hyperemic, edematous, and ulcerated doughnut-shaped mass protruding from the vulvar rim. Hematological findings showed a mild leukocytosis, and vaginal cytology confirmed the late estrus stage. Given the need to preserve reproductive function, radical excision of the prolapsed vaginal mass was performed under general anesthesia, avoiding ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative care included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, wound management, and the use of an elizabethan collar. The patient exhibited an uneventful recovery, with normal urination restored the day after surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed vaginal hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy. The dog successfully conceived following estrus 25 weeks post-surgery, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical excision in maintaining reproductive potential. This case emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies in breeding animals, ensuring both reproductive preservation and clinical resolution of vaginal hyperplasia.

Free-range peafowls are commonly affected with mixed parasitic infections, which need to be diagnosed and treated for maintaining the eco-biological balance. The present paper investigated the ecto and endo parasitic infections in peafowls (Pavo cristatus) from various parts of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Twelve peafowls of different age and sex were brought with different clinical signs during 2022-24. Faecal samples revealed the presence of eggs of helminths Ascaridia sp., Capillaria sp., Hymenolepis sp., gravid segments of Raillietina cesticillus and protozoal infection with Eimeria pavonina and E.mayurai. The ectoparasites from various body surface were identified as Colphocephalum tausi, Goniodespavonis, Menacanthus sp., Menopon sp., lice and adult and nymphal stages of Haemaphysalis sp., tick.

Synbiotics are synergistic combinations of prebiotics and probiotics. This study was aimed to design synbiotic in vitro and validate them in broiler chickens upon in vivo delivery. Based on the in vitro assays and extracellular assays for estimation of the antioxidant potential, a scoring system was evaluated to screen the probiotic isolated with maximum antioxidant potential.  A consortium of probiotic bacteria was formulated based on the scoring system that comprised E. hirae-2, E. faecium-2, E. fecalis-1, E. durans, and P. acidilactici. The probiotic inoculum was scaled up in a fifty-liter pilot scale fermenter supplemented with MRS broth under optimum growth conditions. The product was then spray-dried in a low-temperature spray drier. The lyophilized product was stored at room temperature for further use. Two hundred and forty day sold broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (prebiotic alone, probiotic alone, symbiotic, and commercial probiotic and control treatments) on the basis of body weight in a randomized complete block design. Dietary supplementation of probiotics significantly enhanced growth performance by improving body weight gain, performance index, and protein efficiency ratio. Growth performance and nutrient retention of the Lactiflora-supplemented group was significantly better than that of the control and Provisacc-supplemented group but comparable to the combination group. It was concluded that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation at the rate of 0.05% each is beneficial in improving body weight gain, growth performance, nutrient utilization, and immune response of broiler chicken.

  Lungworms are found to be a serious problem in pigs by causing severe infections.  The  worms  were  collected  during  post  mortem  from  a  6  year  old male, non – descriptive pig at Periyeri hamlet of Thurinjikuppam, Polur taluk, Thiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu which was raised and hand fed as a single animal and had access to the agricultural field. On post mortem examination, the trachea was severely congested and occluded with pus and the lungs were congested in which the lung worms wriggled out with pus while sectioning the lungs. The worms were morphologically identified as Metastrongylus sp.in a non-descriptive pig in Tamil Nadu.

Food business incubation centre (FBIC) under the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University established during 2014 hadfacilitated the farmers, students and entrepreneurs in terms of training, consultancy, external project and incubation services. To evaluate the performance of the Food Business Incubation Centre on incubation services, data were collected for a period of 10 years from 2014-15 to 2023-24 and analyzed. The study also included the available data from the financial year 2018-19 to 2023-24 to assess the types ofvisitors and their purpose of visit to the incubation centre and the data were analyzed. It was concluded that majority of the incubatees utilized the FBIC for the incubation services in the area of dairy processing. Totally 14 members successfully graduated of which 50 % of them were female. The highest number of visits was recorded during the financial year 2022-2023 and the maximum of the visitor category was students from schools and colleges and only 9.7 % of the visitors were business aspirants out of the total visitors during the study period.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the occurrence of enterotoxigenic B. cereus from 200 samples including 100 raw milk, 50pasteurized milk and 50 ice cream samples sold in Puducherry. The results revealed that 68 samples (34 %) belonged to B. cereus group which included 36 from raw milk (36%), 9 from pasteurized milk (18%) and 23 from ice cream samples (46 %). On PCR analysis, 64 out of 68 isolates showed the presence of gyrB gene which differentiates B. cereus from B. cereus group isolates. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of four enterotoxigenic genes hblA, nheA, cytK and entF Min 32.35 %, 77.94 %>, 54.41 % and 94.12% of the 64 isolates. On biofilm production assay, out of 64 enterotoxigenic B. cereus isolates, 60 (93.75 %) isolates showed the ability to form biofilm in which 13 (20.31 %) were strong, 21 (32.81 %) were moderate and26 (40.63 %) were weak biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G and sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, streptomycin and norfloxacin. The current study directs the need for proper hygienic measures during collection, production, processing and storage of milk to reduce the contamination level. It also indicates the need for surveillance and action to reduce the contamination of enterotoxigenic B. cereus in milk and milk products in Puducherry.

The optimization of Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as a healthy alternative to refined wheat flour (RWF) in chicken nuggets was investigated to assess dietary fibre enrichment. Replacement was performed at four levels: 5% (Tl), 6% (T2), 7% (T3), and 10% (T4), while control nuggets were prepared using RWF. Product quality, texture profile, sensory evaluation, and dietary fibre content were assessed. Emulsion stability and product yield remained statistically similar, with improved textural characteristics observed up to 7% replacement with Kodo millet. The product's acceptance was highly significant (P<0.01) at 7% inclusion (7.61±0.32), with dietary fibre enrichment showing a 126.49% increase over the control. The findings concluded that 7% Kodo millet flour inclusion is the optimal level for dietary fibre enhancement in functional chicken meat nuggets.

Goats are highly susceptible to endoparasitic infections due to free grazing habits. The present study was reported for concurrent infection ofMoniezia expansa and Haemonchus contortus in two goats from a flock of 40 goats in Orathanadu, Thanjavur. History included anorexia, foetid diarrhoea and jowl edema in goats. On clinical examination, pyrexia, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, pasty diarrhoeic faeces, bottle jaw and abdominal thudding were noticed. Coproscopy revealed Moniezia expansa eggs and strongyle eggs and faecal culture revealed Haemonchus contortus larvae. Uneventful recovery was noticed in goats after treating with praziquantel and fenbendazole for 3 days with supportive therapy.

A six year old female buffalo was presented with history ofparturition before 4 days and accidental feeding of about 4 litres own colostrum by the owner. Clinical examination revealed anorexia, circling, excitation and wandering behavior, mucoid hard sticky feces, absence of water intake and ruminal atony. pH of ruminal fluid was 8.5. The buffalo was successfully treated with vinegar, multivitamin, chlorpheneramine maleate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate and fluid therapy and recovery was seen on 3rd day. In conclusion, colostrum feeding in adult buffalo can cause alkaline indigestion which can be successfully treated with vinegar and supportive fluid therapy.