Polyclonal hyperimmune serum against Pasteurella multocida type A:5, A:8 and A:9 was prepared in boskat rabbits. The indirect haemagglutination test (IHT) showed that such serum had an antibody titer of 1114. The immunoglobulins in the prepared antiserum were precipitated using saturated ammonium sulphate solution. Its concentration was adjusted to be 18mg/ml in normal saline then it was conjugated with horse radish peroxidase and evaluated through the application of double sandwich ELISA. It was successful to detect Pasteurella multocida antibodies in positive serum samples with strong positive reactions up to a dilution of 1:100 of the prepared conjugate.In the present study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using random primer (E-20) was used to characterize and identify strains included in this study. Strains included 4 vaccinal reference strains of Pasteurella multocida, CU strain and 4 field isolates of Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased turkeys which were identified biochemically and serologically as A:1, A:3, A3x4 and D:11. The obtained results revealed that all strains were reacted positively and in different manner with the E20 primer except the 2 field isolates. The results of these reactions demonstrated in terms of bands of different molecular weight specific to each strain. This can be used as a base for characterization and differentiation of strains involved in the present study as the 2 field strains A:1 and A:3 react with primer. Mouse protection test was performed by vaccination of mice with local fowl cholera oil adjuvant vaccine then challenge with virulent field strains A:1, A:3, D:12 and untypable isolates. Results revealed that the local fowl cholera adjuvant vaccine could protect mice against virulent challenge with A:1, A:3 and D:12 field strains but it could not be protect mice against untypable isolates

A disease characterized by papules, nodules, vesicles, pustules and ulcers on teats and udder as well as drastic drop in milk production was seen among a cattle farm in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. A virus was isolated by inoculation of vesicle and scrap homogenate pool from infected cattle into the chorioallantoic membrane of specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs. The virus was identified by presence of pock lesions, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on the chorioallantoic membrane, polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry of the inoculated membrane. A novel pathogenicity model was developed via ear pinna inoculation of Swiss mice. The virus produced vesicular and ulcerative lesions at the site of inoculation in inoculated mice. The virus identity was confirmed by the presence of intracytoplasmic viral antigens by immunohistochemistry

The role of phospholipase D toxoid (PLD) vaccine in enhancing killing activity of macrophages was demonstrated in this study. Four groups of Balb/c mice were vaccinated with different forms of current vaccines against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (C. pseudotuberculosis). The first group was vaccinated with purified recombinant mutated PLD protein adjuvated vaccine; the second with formalin inactivated whole cells of C. pseudotuberculosis adjuvated vaccine, the third group with combined bacterin-toxoid adjuvated vaccine and the fourth was given viable C. pseudotuberculosis cells. Mononuclear peritoneal cells from each vaccinated groups were collected and inoculated intraperitoneally into naïve recipient Balb/c mice that were subsequently challenged by equal number of live C. pseudotuberculosis cells. Killing activity of peritoneal macrophages collected from each recipient group of mice was assayed by cultivation of lysed macrophages on plates of count brain heart agar. It was reported that the highest killing activity of macrophages were those collected from mice vaccinated with recombinant PLD adjuvated vaccine that reaches 95% of phagocytosed C. pseudotuberculosis living bacteria; where those given viable C. pseudotuberculosis bacteria (80%); then combined vaccine (69.5%) and the least killing activity was performed by macrophages obtained from bacterin vaccinated animals

kills Brucella cells by causing lysis of the membrane, so the phenol-heat killed brucella antigen may lake specificity as a result of destruction the majority of proteins in the cell wall. Accordingly, attention was directed to produce antigen using binary ethylene imine as an inactivator. The produced antigen showed high specificity in detecting Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis-infected animals, but sensitivity was not affected in comparison with the standard Rose Bengal antigen. In Enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB), phenol–heat killed brucella cells showed only 3 bands (37.375, 23.47 and 7.83 kDa) that denotes denaturation for at least 6 bands whereas binary inactivated brucella cells showed similarity with non-treated ones

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated, from naturally infected cattle that have a history of previous vaccination with live attenuated sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccine. The virus was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and neutralization test using specific hyperimmune serum against LSDV and SPV. Characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies was detected in trypsenized cell of infected CAM stained with H&E. Laboratory studies for characterization of isolated LSDV revealed that it was stable at a wide range of pH, but it was inactivated by exposure to 56 0C for 15 minutes. Treatment of isolated LSDV with lipid solvents (20% ethyle ether and chloroform) reduced the virus titer 3.2 and 4.4 log respectively after 24 hrs at 4 0C .On cross neutralization test complete neutralization of isolated LSDV was obtained with both reference LSDV and SPV antisera. Cattle vaccinated with live attenuated SPV vaccine under experimental condition found to be protected against natural field infection with LSDV.

This study was carried out on 68 randomly collected chickens located at Ras Sedr Research Station, Desert Research Center, 68 serum samples were examined serologically by complement fixation test (CFT). Twenty out of 68 (29.91%) had antibodies against Chlamydophila psittaci . Ten blood samples of the serologically positive cases were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and showed positive results for Chlamydophila psittaci at 119 bp. Therefore PCR was found to be reliable, rapid, sensitive and specific technique for the detection Chlamydophila psittaci in birds. Serologically positive birds did not show any clinical symptoms of disease, but they were in contact with sheep and goat that showed previous abortion and were positive for C. abortus. It is recommended to avoid breeding of chickens with other animal species in the same yard because chickens become asymptomatic carrier with shedding of Chlamydophila psittaci in their feaces and respiratory discharges.

The urinary bladder of 15 clinically normal dogs was excised and the ureters were implanted into an isolated, vagotomized gastric segment derived from the fundic region of the stomach. The gastric segment was closed to form a neobladder. Continence was maintained with a "nipple valve" created at the tubularized end of isolated segment of stomach. Clinical, radiological, ultrasonographical, urine and blood analysis and histopathological examination were carried out for assessment of the technique. Eleven cases showed an apparently normal bladder function. Two cases suffered from renal hydronephrosis and other two suffered from incontinence. It was concluded that gastric neobladder urinary diversion is satisfactory for clinical use in dogs.

The present work was conducted on 25 hearts of healthy donkeys of both sexes. Three methods were adopted to clarify the musculature of the ventricles; nitric acid method, acetic acid method and flour paste method. The ventricular myocardium was arranged into three layers: superficial, middle and deep. The superficial layer consists of eleven bundles arranged longitudinally from the base to the apex of the heart. Moreover, a thin subepicardial layer separated it from the epicardium. The middle layer on the right ventricle was horizontally oriented, while on the left ventricle it was represented by three bands; (A), (B) and (C). The deep layer on the right ventricle was formed of two bands (A) and (B) while on the left ventricle consisted of a single band (C), in addition to some fibers derived from the superficial layer. The intervrentricular septum was formed from fibers extended from the middle and deep layers. The papillary muscles were four in the right ventricle and two in the left one.

Objective--To evaluate antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bBPI)-derived synthetic peptides against mastitis-causing gram-negative bacteria. Sample Population--Bacterial isolates from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis. Procedures--3 peptides were synthesized with sequences corresponding to amino acids 65 to 99 (bBPI6599) or 142 to 169 (bBPI142169) or the combination of amino acids 90 to 99 and 148 to 161 (bBPI9099,148161) of bBPI. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these peptides against bacterial isolates from cows with mastitis were determined by use of a standardized broth microdilution assay. The ability of these peptides to retain their antimicrobial activity in serum and milk was also evaluated. Finally, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing activity of these peptides was assayed with the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Results--Of the 3 peptides tested, bBPI9099,148161 had the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 16 to 64 Mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp and from 64 to 128 Mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the peptides had any growth-inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of bBPI9099,148161 was inhibited in milk, but preserved in serum. Finally, bBPI142169 and bBPI9099,148161 completely neutralized LPS. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--bBPI9099,148161 is a potent neutralizer of the highly proinflammatory molecule bacterial LPS and has antimicrobial activity against a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The ability of bBPI9099,148161 to retain antimicrobial activity in serum suggests a potential therapeutic application for this peptide in the management of gram-negative septicemia.

The cause and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown and no definite therapy exists until now. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a herbal preparation (HemoHIM) in colitis induced by 30 mg of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Each group was treated with 1 mg of HemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 4 mg of HemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 50 mg of HemoHIM/kg of body weight (i.p. once every other day) or 100 mg/kg of HemoHIM of body weight (i.p. once every other day) from the next day.