The present study amid to characterized the potential toxic effects of bismuth chloride through oral administration on blood and biochiemical parameters of laboratory rats.Solutions of bismuth chloride were chronically feed by stomach tube to rats in(2.5mg/kg and 5 mg/kg).Animals were anesthetized after two months and blood samples were obtained,blood and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and experimental Groups.The investigation of blood parameters included red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration,packed cell volume PCV and total white blood cell count(WBC)biochemical parameters included total serum cholesterol(TSCH),alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST).The results showed significant decrease (p≤0.05) of R.B.C count ,Hb concentrations PCV value and total W.B.C count in contrast ,there was significant increase(p≤0.05) of the total serum cholesterol(,ALTand AST) activities.

The lethal concentration of N-ZnO was determined in this study ,juvenile Cyprinus carpio L.mean weight 150±10g which were exposed to different concentration of N-ZnO (10-50 PPM) for 24 hrs ,the mortality rate of fish reached to 100% at 50 ppm concentration while the percentage decreased to 50% when the fish exposure to 30ppm concentration of N-ZnO.The histopathological lesions in the kidney were characterized by hemorrhage in an interstitial nephrotic tissue ,infiltration of inflammatory cells , there was cloudy swelling in the renal tubules . In the gill there were hyper trophy of pillar cells and necrosis in the secondary gill filaments .There were necrosis in the hepatic tissue and hemorrhage and sloughing in the pancreatic tissue.

In this study S. canis and 12 various species and serogroups of streptococci including: S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G), S. uberis, S. parauberis, S. phocae, S. suis, S. equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes were used and identified reliably by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of 1.43 kb of 16S ribosomal RNA gene using universal oligonuclotide primers and subsequent digestion with the restriction endonucleases including RsaI, MspI and AvaII. The PCR-RFLP results showed that RsaI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis appeared different with all streptococci species baring the S. equi subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidimicus. The MspI restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be differentiated from S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroups C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroups G), S. phocae, S. suis, S. porcinus and S. pyogenes. The AvaII restriction RFLP pattern of S. canis could be distinguished from S. dygalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dygalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) S. parauberis, S. phocae and S. suis. In conclusion, PCR-RFLP method using restriction endonucleases RsaI, MspI and AvaII could be useful method for identification of S. canis from S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (serogroup C and L), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (serogroup G) and other related streptococci species. It can be concluded that RFLP method might help to determine the prevalence of S. canis in animal and human infections .

In this study, fresh fish (Otolithes ruber, Saurida tumbil, Pseudorhombus malayanus, Acanthopagrus latus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Tenualosa ilisha), imported frozen fish (Megalaspis cordyla, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Acanthopagrus latus) and imported canned fish species (sardines, mackerel and tuna) were used to detect and determine some toxic trace elements. All fish samples contained trace elements. The total concentrations mean for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd and Mn were between (1.73-11.93), (8.75-25.80), (ND-3.19), (0.11-0.31), (0.10-0.35), (0.23-3.00) and (0.11-1.86) mg/kg dry weight respectively in muscles of fresh fish, and between (13.21-53.74), (6.61-43.93), (0.35-2.10), (0.37-2.30), (0.20-0.54), (1.50-3.53) and (0.13-4.50)mg/kg dry weight respectively in the muscles of frozen fish species, and between(21.75-56.30), (5.21-82.84), (0.25-1.51), (0.33-1.96), (0.20-0.47), (0.51-2.22) and (0.13-0.81) mg/kg dry weight respectively in canned fish . Concentrations average of some trace elements were exceeded the permitted legal limits that set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.

The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between resistin , Insulin-Like Growth- I (IGF-I) and insulin resistance (IR) in female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome( PCOS) model and assess their association. Twenty virgin rats were divided into two equal groups: Control group: included 10 rats were given only single intramuscular injection (i.m) of 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. The second PCOS group: included 10 rats given single i.m of 4 mg estradiol valerate dissolved into 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. After 63 days all rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from inferior vena cava to obtain the serum for resistin, insulin, IGF-I, SHBG, FSH, LH and FT concentrations. The results revealed a significant increase in serum resistin, IGF-I, insulin, LH and FT concentrations in PCOS group in comparison with control group (P≤0.05),also a significant(P≤0.05) decrease in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration in PCOS group compared with control, while, no significant difference was found in FSH concentration. The presence of insulin resistance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of increase of resistin and IGF-I in rats with induce PCOS

This study was done on twenty mature male rabbits divided randomly into two equal experimed groups of ten animals each . the first group regardes as controls and drenched (2ml) normal saline orally daily for thirty days . The other group were drenched (20 mglkg ) body weight of water extract of origanum vulgare for thirty days also . At the end of drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals heart puncture and blood was analysed for total RBC count ; HB % and PCV% ; Total leakocytic count and blood indices of MCH ; MCV ; and MCHC were calculated in addition to blood smears were done to estimate percentages of differentical leakocytic counts. Results ; PCV% ; total RBC counts and MCH compared with control group There was significant increase (P≤0.05) in treated group in total leakocytic count and MCV and significantly decrease only in MCHC . Also there was only significant increase (P≤0.05) in nutrophils due to treatment

Sepsis is a syndrome involving the systemic host response to an inflammatory or infectious agents.itis a common and frequently fatal condition that occur as a result of severe infection often leading to overwhelming systemicinflammation (1 , 2) , Also The sepsis syndrome is defined by widespread inflammation, host immune dysfunction, dysregulation of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial dysfunction in response to invading pathogens(3). Cecum ligation and puncture CLP , is currently the most widely used animal model of sepsis (4) . Intra-abdominal infections may be a source for sepsis ,these infections generate a peritoneal inflammatory response to poly-microbial organisms derived from the gastrointestinal tract . Peritonitis may originate from a defect in an abdominal viscus , such as an acute intestinal perforation that progresses to sepsis , resulting in high morbidity andmortality in experimental animals . A shift toward an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive state has been postulated to occur in the later phase of sepsis (5). the aim of this study was to investigate the pathological changes of liver , kidney and lung associated with sepsis .

This study aimed to treat SDF tendonitis in the forelimbs of horses by application of cold therapy (ice) followed by controlled exercise program. The effect of this treatment was healing, disappearance of the pain and functional rehabilitation of the treated horses. (15) Working horses of varying breeds, sex, age (3-19) years suffering from acute superficial digital flexor tendonitis was used for this study from the beginning of September 2008 to the beginning of September 2010 in Kirkuk, Iraq. All the cases were followed up clinically. Swelling and thickness in the affected parts were measured during treatment period. Swelling was reduced after the treatment by the ice with significant variation (P< 0.05) in the (anterior-posterior and groove’s depth) aspects of sub-metacarpal bone area and (anterior-posterior) aspect of mid-metacarpal bone region. A significant variation (P

Venous blood samples were collected 283 ewes observed in nine different regions of Maysan province during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 for detecting toxoplasmosis by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgG) and latex agglutination test (LAT). Three groups of ewes pregnant, non-pregnant and aborted were selected for both tests, and the results showed that the rates of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted group is the highest, followed by pregnant group using the LAT test (73.33% and 65.38%) respectively, while the proportion of ewes aborted were the top (40%) in the ELISA test. The results of LAT and ELISA tests showed that Al –Musharah subdistrict is the highest in the seropositivity against Toxoplasma (78.26% and 39.13%) respectively. As for the relationship between age and Toxoplasma seropositivity, the results showed that the highest seropositivity rate in the age groups more than a year and two years (65.30% and 65.57%) respectively by using LAT test , and high seropositivity rate (32.65) in the age group more than a year with ELISA test. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences(p ≥ 0.05) between the LAT and ELISA tests with regard to Toxoplasma seropositivity

The objective of the present work was to evaluate Hemogram, acid-base balance, blood gas analysis and acute phase response in cattle infected with anaplasmosis in Mosul,Iraq.The study were conducted on (167), local cattle breed 2-5 years old of both sexes. Eighty local cattle breed out of (167) were clinically infected with Aanaplasam marginale since the causative Rickettsia diagnosed by Giemsa stained blood smears and confirmed by indirect Elisa test. (20) clinically normal cattle were served as controls. Results indicated statistically significant decrease (P