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Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves Full text
2018
Dudek, Katarzyna | Bednarek, Dariusz
Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves Full text
2018
Dudek, Katarzyna | Bednarek, Dariusz
Mycoplasma bovis is known as a causative agent of many disorders in cattle. In Europe, there is still a lack of commercial vaccines against M. bovis infection. Acute phase response (APR) is a non-specific host reaction to infection, most seen in changes in production of acute phase proteins. The aim of this study was to analyse APR in calves administered with an experimental M. bovis vaccine. Twelve healthy female calves were divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The experimental vaccine containing the field M. bovis strain and two adjuvants such as saponin and lysozyme dimer was subcutaneously administered to the experimental group. Phosphate buffered saline was taken as the placebo and given to the control group by the same route as the vaccine. Blood samples were collected prior to the study (day 0), then daily up to day 7, and then each seven days until day 84 post vaccination. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and inteleukin-4 (IL-4) were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Following the vaccination, a significant increase in SAA, Hp, and IFN-γ concentrations was observed when compared to the unvaccinated calves, whereas the IL-4 concentration was not detectable. The experimental saponin-based M. bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant visibly stimulated the APR in the calves, and some specific cytokines (Th1-dependent) directly involved in this response.
Show more [+] Less [-]Saponin-based Mycoplasma bovis vaccine containing lysozyme dimer adjuvant stimulates acute phase response in calves Full text
2018
Dudek Katarzyna | Bednarek Dariusz
Mycoplasma bovis is known as a causative agent of many disorders in cattle. In Europe, there is still a lack of commercial vaccines against M. bovis infection. Acute phase response (APR) is a non-specific host reaction to infection, most seen in changes in production of acute phase proteins. The aim of this study was to analyse APR in calves administered with an experimental M. bovis vaccine.
Show more [+] Less [-]Amitraz marker residues in honey from honeybee colonies treated with Apiwarol Full text
2018
Pohorecka, Krystyna | Kiljanek, Tomasz | Antczak, Maja | Skubida, Piotr | Semkiw, Piotr | Posyniak, Andrzej
Amitraz marker residues in honey from honeybee colonies treated with Apiwarol Full text
2018
Pohorecka, Krystyna | Kiljanek, Tomasz | Antczak, Maja | Skubida, Piotr | Semkiw, Piotr | Posyniak, Andrzej
Amitraz is a formamide exhibiting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity and is frequently used by beekeepers to protect honeybee colonies against Varroa destructor mites. The aim of this apiary trial was to evaluate the impact of honeybee colony fumigation with amitraz on the level of contamination of honey stored in combs. Experimental colonies were fumigated four times every four days with one tablet of Apiwarol per treatment. Honey was sampled from combs of brood chambers and combs of supers one day after each amitraz application and from harvested honey. Amitraz marker residues (as a total of amitraz and metabolites containing parts of molecules with properties specific to the 2,4-DMA group, expressed as amitraz) were evaluated in honey. All analysed samples were contaminated with amitraz metabolites. 2,4-DMA and DMPF were the most frequently determined compounds. The average concentration of amitraz marker residue in honey from groups where a smouldering tablet was located directly in beehives was significantly higher than that of residue in honey from groups with indirect smoke generation. No significant effect on the honey contamination deriving from the place where it was exposed to smoke (combs of brood chambers and supers) was noted. Amitraz marker residues exceeded the MRL in 10% of honey samples from combs. Fumigation of beehives with amitraz results in contamination of honey stored in combs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Amitraz marker residues in honey from honeybee colonies treated with Apiwarol Full text
2018
Pohorecka Krystyna | Kiljanek Tomasz | Antczak Maja | Skubida Piotr | Semkiw Piotr | Posyniak Andrzej
Amitraz is a formamide exhibiting both acaricidal and insecticidal activity and is frequently used by beekeepers to protect honeybee colonies against Varroa destructor mites. The aim of this apiary trial was to evaluate the impact of honeybee colony fumigation with amitraz on the level of contamination of honey stored in combs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Full text
2018
Roa López, Gustavo A. | Suárez, Jhon Jairo | Barato, Paola | García, Noel Verján
Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Full text
2018
Roa López, Gustavo A. | Suárez, Jhon Jairo | Barato, Paola | García, Noel Verján
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer. A total of 47 canine mammary gland tumour tissues were processed by routine histopathological technique with haematoxylin-eosin staining and classified according to the type of neoplasm. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and the EBNA-1 gene and the BamHI-W region specific for EBV were evaluated by nested PCR. The histopathological evaluation revealed 2 benign neoplasms, and many carcinomas: 2 in situ, 9 simple, 3 solid, 10 complex, and 21 mixed. One sample was positive for the EBNA-1 gene, while all were negative for the BamHI-W region. No association was found between EBV and mammary tumours in dogs. However, here we report for the first time the presence of an EBV gene sequence in a canine mammary tumour. It is likely that detection of EBV might be affected by the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues. Additional studies are necessary to establish any association of EBV with mammary gland cancer in humans and in dogs, which could eventually lead to better public health prevention and control.
Show more [+] Less [-]Lack of association between Epstein–Barr virus and mammary tumours in dogs Full text
2018
Roa López Gustavo A. | Suárez Jhon Jairo | Barato Paola | García Noel Verján
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus associated with various neoplasms in humans and is a probable aetiological agent in breast cancer; however, a causal relationship has not yet been established. Because of the epidemiological and clinicopathological similarities between breast cancer and canine mammary tumours, dogs have been proposed as a valid model for breast cancer.
Show more [+] Less [-]Cytotoxicity of iron (III), molybdenum (III), and their mixtures in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells Full text
2018
Terpiłowska, Sylwia | Siwicka-Gieroba, Dorota | Siwicki, Andrzej Krzysztof
Cytotoxicity of iron (III), molybdenum (III), and their mixtures in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells Full text
2018
Terpiłowska, Sylwia | Siwicka-Gieroba, Dorota | Siwicki, Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction: Iron and molybdenum are essential trace elements for cell metabolism. They are involved in maintaining proper functions of enzymes, cell proliferation, and metabolism of DNA. Material and Methods: BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells were incubated with iron chloride or molybdenum trioxide at concentrations from 100 to 1,400 µM. The cells were also incubated in mixtures of iron chloride at 200 μM plus molybdenum trioxide at 1,000 μM or iron chloride at 1,000 μM plus molybdenum trioxide at 200 μM. Cell viability was determined with MTT reduction, LHD release, and NRU tests. Results: A decrease in cell viability was observed after incubating both cell lines with iron chloride or molybdenum trioxide. In cells incubated with mixtures of these trace elements, a decrease in cell viability was observed, assessed by all the used assays. Conclusions: Iron (III) and molybdenum (III) decrease cell viability in normal and cancer cells. A synergistic effect of the mixture of these elements was observed.
Show more [+] Less [-]Cytotoxicity of iron (III), molybdenum (III), and their mixtures in BALB/3T3 and HepG2 cells Full text
2018
Terpiłowska Sylwia | Siwicka-Gieroba Dorota | Siwicki Andrzej Krzysztof
Introduction: Iron and molybdenum are essential trace elements for cell metabolism. They are involved in maintaining proper functions of enzymes, cell proliferation, and metabolism of DNA.
Show more [+] Less [-]Immune-enhancing activity of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling Full text
2018
Kazuń, Barbara | Małaczewska, Joanna | Kazuń, Krzysztof | Żylińska-Urban, Joanna | Siwicki, Andrzej K.
Immune-enhancing activity of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling Full text
2018
Kazuń, Barbara | Małaczewska, Joanna | Kazuń, Krzysztof | Żylińska-Urban, Joanna | Siwicki, Andrzej K.
Introduction: Immune-potentiating functions of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in the common carp were evaluated. Material and Methods: Fourteen days of feeding fish dry diet supplemented with the bacteria provided parameters of nonspecific humoral immunity (lysozyme, ceruloplasmin, γ-globulin, total protein levels, and serum bactericidal activity) and cellular immunity (pinocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and potential killing activity of organ phagocytes), as well as the proliferative response of organ lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens. The resistance of fish to infection with Aeromonas hydrophila was also determined. Results: Dietary supplementation with L. plantarum had a substantial influence on the activity of organ phagocytes, especially the potential killing activity of head kidney cells. A significant increase in the proliferative activity of LPS-stimulated B lymphocytes and in the levels of γ-globulins and total protein was observed. The supplemented diet conveyed higher resistance than the control diet as the cumulative fish mortalities after infection with A. hydrophila were 65% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that dietary supplementation with L. plantarum stimulates the antibacterial resistance of common carp and may reinforce defence against bacterial infections, but further studies need to be conducted.
Show more [+] Less [-]Immune-enhancing activity of potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling Full text
2018
Kazuń Barbara | Małaczewska Joanna | Kazuń Krzysztof | Żylińska-Urban Joanna | Siwicki Andrzej K.
Introduction: Immune-potentiating functions of Lactobacillus plantarum strains in the common carp were evaluated.
Show more [+] Less [-]Simvastatin-induced changes in the leukocytic system of porcine bone marrow Full text
2018
Snarska, Anna | Wysocka, Dominika | Rytel, Liliana | Gonkowski, Sławomir | Pawelec, Hanna | Sobiech, Przemysław
Simvastatin-induced changes in the leukocytic system of porcine bone marrow Full text
2018
Snarska, Anna | Wysocka, Dominika | Rytel, Liliana | Gonkowski, Sławomir | Pawelec, Hanna | Sobiech, Przemysław
Simvastatin is a substance which is commonly used as a medicine to reduce cholesterol level. Unfortunately, it shows numerous side effects. Simvastatin affects various internal organs, and among other detriments to health may cause persistent muscle weakness, osteolytic processes, headaches, and rashes. Until now knowledge of the influence of simvastatin on bone marrow cells has been rather scant and fragmentary. During this experiment the numbers of all types of cells in the leukocytic system of porcine bone marrow were evaluated after 28 and 56 days of oral administration of simvastatin at a dose of 40 mg/day/animal. Simvastatin caused an increase in the number of all types of cells in the leukocytic system, and the most visible fluctuations concerned promyelocytes. Observations obtained during the present study indicated that the results of the action of simvastatin on porcine bone marrow differ from those observed in other mammal species, including human. This may be due to various metabolic pathways within the bone marrow in the particular species, but the exact mechanisms of these actions are unknown at the present time.
Show more [+] Less [-]Simvastatin-induced changes in the leukocytic system of porcine bone marrow Full text
2018
Snarska Anna | Wysocka Dominika | Rytel Liliana | Gonkowski Sławomir | Pawelec Hanna | Sobiech Przemysław
Simvastatin is a substance which is commonly used as a medicine to reduce cholesterol level. Unfortunately, it shows numerous side effects. Simvastatin affects various internal organs, and among other detriments to health may cause persistent muscle weakness, osteolytic processes, headaches, and rashes. Until now knowledge of the influence of simvastatin on bone marrow cells has been rather scant and fragmentary.
Show more [+] Less [-]Occurrence of reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry flocks in Poland in 2010–2017 Full text
2018
Czekaj, Hanna | Kozdruń, Wojciech | Styś-Fijoł, Natalia | Niczyporuk, Jowita Samanta | Piekarska, Karolina
Occurrence of reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry flocks in Poland in 2010–2017 Full text
2018
Czekaj, Hanna | Kozdruń, Wojciech | Styś-Fijoł, Natalia | Niczyporuk, Jowita Samanta | Piekarska, Karolina
Introduction: Avian reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry populations are reported worldwide. The reovirus belongs to the genus Orthoreovirus, family Reoviridae. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ARV infections in the poultry population based on diagnostic tests performed in 2010–2017. Material and Methods: Samples of the liver and spleen were collected from sick birds suspected of ARV infection and sent for diagnostics. Isolation was performed in 5–7-day-old SPF chicken embryos infected into the yolk sac with homogenates of internal organs of sick birds. Four primer pairs were used to detect the σNS, σC, σA, and µA ARV RNA gene fragments. A nested PCR was used for the detection of the σNS and σC genes. Results: In 2010–2017, ARV infection was found in birds from 81 flocks of broiler chickens and/or layers, 8 flocks of slaughter turkeys, and in 4 hatchery embryos at 17–20 days of incubation. The primers used in RT-PCR and nested PCR did not allow effective detection of ARV RNA in all virus-positive samples. Conclusion: The problem of ARV infections in the poultry population in Poland still persist. The primers used for various ARV segments in RT-PCR and nested PCR did not allow effective detection of RNA in the visceral organs of sick birds. The presented results confirm the necessity of using classical diagnostic methods (isolation in chicken embryos, AGID).
Show more [+] Less [-]Occurrence of reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry flocks in Poland in 2010–2017 Full text
2018
Czekaj Hanna | Kozdruń Wojciech | Styś-Fijoł Natalia | Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta | Piekarska Karolina
Introduction: Avian reovirus (ARV) infections in poultry populations are reported worldwide. The reovirus belongs to the genus Orthoreovirus, family Reoviridae. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of ARV infections in the poultry population based on diagnostic tests performed in 2010–2017.
Show more [+] Less [-]Knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antimicrobial usage: a cross-sectional study of layer and pig farm owners/managers in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, May 2014 to February 2016
2018
Aniroot Nuangmek, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Suvichai Rojanasthien, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Prapas Patchanee, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Terdsak Yano, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Panuwat Yamsakul, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Suwit Chotinun, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand | Pakpoom Tadee2, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
This study aimed at determining the current knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of layer and pig farmers to antimicrobial usage and its consequences. Description of such KAP could provide insights useful for promoting the rational use of antimicrobials in livestock. From May 2014 to February 2016, a survey involving 251 respondents in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, and Chonburi provinces, Thailand, was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. More than half (51.0%) of the respondents incorrectly believed that antimicrobial drug efficacy could not be reduced by using sub-recommended dosages, 61.2% had misconceptions about non-therapeutic antimicrobial use, and 66.9% inaccurately felt that antimicrobials were also effective for virus and fungi. Over half (50.6 - 55.2%) did not see the need to follow instructions or advice of veterinarians. Moreover, only 10.4% regularly relied on responses to drugs sensitivity tests when evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Overall, assessment of KAP regarding antimicrobial usage indicated that the majority of respondents had low levels of knowledge of antimicrobials, neutral rather than positive attitudes, and employed poor practices in the use of antimicrobials. The results indicate improvements in KAP could be helpful in developing more effective interventions by farmers, reduce antibiotic usage, and slow the growth of antimicrobial resistance.
Show more [+] Less [-]Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and feline ADMSCs using anti-human antibodies
2018
Ko, M., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Lee, K.Y., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.H., Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Kim, M., Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Choi, J.H., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Im, W., Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Chung, J.Y., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Various trials have been conducted to develop therapies for serious untreatable diseases. Among these, those using stem cells have shown great promise, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are easier to obtain than other types of stem cells. Prior to clinical trials, characterization of ADMSCs with monoclonal antibodies should be performed. However, it is difficult to use species-specific antibodies for veterinarians. This study was conducted to confirm the panel of human antibodies applicable for use in immunophenotypic characterization of canine adipose-derived stem cells and feline ADMSCs extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during ovariohysterectomy. For flow cytometric immunophenotyping, the third passages of canine ADMSC and feline ADMSC and human CD31, CD34, CD42, CD44, CD62 and CD133 antibodies were used. Of these, CD133 reacted with canine cells (3.74%) and feline cells (1.34%). CD133 is known as a marker related with more primitive stem cell phenotype than other CD series. Because this human CD133 was not a species-specific antibody, accurate percentages of immunoreactivity were not confirmed. Nevertheless, the results of this study confirmed human CD133 as a meaningful marker in canine and feline ADMSCs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Different invasion efficiencies of Brucella abortus wild-type and mutants in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 phagocytic cells and HeLa non-phagocytic cells
2018
Shim, S., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Im, Y.B., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Jung, M., Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Park, W.B., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Yoo, H.S., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Brucellosis is one of the common zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus (B. abortus). However, little has been reported on factors affecting invasion of B. abortus into host cells. To investigate cell-type dependent invasion of B. abortus, phagocytic RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells and non-phagocytic HeLa cells were infected with wild-type and mutant B. abortus, and their invasion efficiencies were compared. The invasion efficiencies of the strains were cell-type dependent. Wild-type B. abortus invasion efficiency was greater in phagocytic cells than in epithelial cells. The results also indicated that there are different factors involved in the invasion of B. abortus into phagocytic cells.
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