A meningocele case has been observed on a one-day-old male Akkaraman lamb, brought to the Surgery Clinic, Animal Hospital and University of Fırat. When we examined the animal, there was a fluctuating mass about 15 cm diameter size in the occipital area. We decided to surgical operating to this case of meningocele which is rare and usually does not respond favorably to treatment. Under a general anesthesia firstly liquid was drained out from the mass by using cannula. Then the excess skin piece was removed with the incision in a controlled manner. Approximately 2 mm diameter hole was closed which opened into the medullary canal by using sutures. At the same time, processus spinosus of first cervical vertebrae was seen that the 2 cm longer than normal. After cutting the excess bone part, the head skin was sutured with using 2-0 suture. The patient received parenteral antibiotics for 5 days. After 2 months the operation, it was observed that he continued his life in a very healthy. This case was thought to report because it is a rarely seen type of anomaly in lamb and respond favorably to the operation in this case.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sezon dışı dönemde değişik oranlardaki α-tokoferolün koç spermasının dondurulabilirliğine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada 4 adet Merinos koçu (2- 3 yaşlarında ve Bademli/Burdur’da özel bir işletmede) kullanıldı. Elektroejakülatör kullanılarak koçlardan alınan ejakulatlardan > %80 motilite ve 1.5 x109 spermatozoa/ml üzerinde yoğunluğu bulunan ejakulatlar birleştirildi. Birleştirilen ejakulat beş eşit gruba ayrılarak 0 mg (kontrol), 100 μM, 200 μM, 400μM or 800 μM α-tokoferol içeren tris ile sulandırıldı, 4 C⁰’de ekibrilasyon yapılarak mini payetlerde donduruldu ve sıvı azotta depo edildi. Payetler daha sonda spermatolojik analizler için 37 C⁰’de 30 sn çözdürüldü. Kontrol grubuna (37.50±7.90; 26.85±3.17) göre sırası ile en yüksek motilite ve membran bütünlüğü 100 μM grupta (47.77±4.40; 34.83±2.64) tespit edildi (p<0.05). Ayrıca gruplar arası anormal sperma muayene sonuçlarında istatistiksel bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, 100 μM α-tokoferol koç sperma dondurma sulandırıcılarına kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında sezon dışında motilite ve membran bütünlüğünü iyileştirdiği için eklenmelidir.

Histopathological indices have been largely used as biomarkers in the monitoring of fish health status during exposure to heavy metals, both inthe experimental and environmental studies. The aims of the present study was to provide baseline data on the prevalence of histopathologicalliver lesions in marine fishes (case study of liver histopathology at mercury exposure) under experimental mercury exposure and to comparethe sampling areas in terms of the types and prevalence of lesions present, for monitoring purposes. Experimental study was at seawaterre-circulatory tanks. Mercury concentrations were determined using a standard cold vapor atomic absorption. Histopathological analyses weredone in tissue processor and the slides were stained with haematoxylin and counter stained with eosin. There were many liver lesions in botharea include enlarged and lateral nuclei, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation; oncotic, apoptic, focal, massive, centrilobular and periportalnecrosis; atrophy, lipidosis, hydropic and cloudy swelling, oval cell proliferation; bile stagnation, dilation of sinusoid, intracellular edemaand dark granules. In conclusion the present investigation indicated that mercury is a toxic substance in seabream and the sub-lethal mercuryconcentrations tested may cause several changes in the histological indices of the studied fish and we can use these changes as biomarkers ofmercury detection.

A single male specimen of the burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), was caught at a depth of 30 m from the Arsuz coast, Turkey by a trammel net on 17 October 2017. Total length (TL) of the specimen measured as 206 mm. Measurements of the specimen were given and the geographical distribution of the species in the Mediterranean was documented. Although this is the third record of T. vaginafrom the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, the paper is the first report of an adult male specimen of T. vagina from southern coast of Turkey and confirms the extension of the species towards southeastern Mediterranean in the region. The finding of T. vagina in Arsuz coast suggests the habitat expansion of the species. As a result of this study a gap is filled relating to the geographic distribution of this species in the easternMediterranean coast of Turkey.

In this study, it was aimed to explain the rehabilitation of streams, rivers and fish and the data obtained from the world and our country, as wellas on-site observations and photographs taken as a result of comparative analysis and conclusions and recommendations have been made. DSİ,Ministry of Forestry and Water Works, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ministry of Environment and Forestryare in charge of stream improvement works in our country. It has seen that the river improvement work started with good intentions but thewrong projects made negatively affect the natural habitats, aquatic plant and animal communities, especially fish. They have lost their originalform and functions to make for humanity fever. It was determined that the projects were planned in such a way that the negative effects of thedelirium were reduced and the nature and wildlife were ignored so as to prevent the loss of soil. Consequently, changes could lead to loss thatwould not be recycled if it does not take due precautions.

Experiments were designed to clarify the effect of different extenders on sperm motility of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after shorttermcold storage at 4°C for 6 days. Sperm collection was performed through gentle abdominal massage. Sperm was suspended in differentextenders at 1:3 dilution ratio. The motility and survival of sperm cells were assessed in all the treatments daily. Our results indicated that spermremained as motile in glucose and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) based extender at day 6. This study would be beneficial for cryopreservationand reproduction management.

Herbicides are being used widely in agriculture and aquaculture for controlling noxious weeds. Paraquat and 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) have been the most widely used herbicide during the past three decades. Toxicological properties of Paraquat are attributed to its abilityto produce reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion that may directly or indirectly cause cell death. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) is a broad-leaf, systemic, phenoxy herbicide used as the active ingredient in several commercially available aquatic herbicide products.Bioassay technique has been the cornerstone of programs on environmental health and chemical safety. The application of environmentaltoxicology studies on non-mammalian vertebrates is rapidly expanding. So the present study investigated the acute toxicity of Paraquat and2,4- Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on Artemia franciscana. Artemia is one of the most suitable testorganisms available for ecotoxicity testing and research and most commonly used live food in aquaculture. Acute toxicity (48 h LC50) of twoherbicides (Paraquat, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) was determined. A. franciscana exposed to Serial concentrations of both mentionedherbicides. Mortalities at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after exposure were recorded and LC50 were calculated using Probit software. The resultsobtained indicate that the acute toxicity of these herbicides is significantly different in adult A. franciscana. The lethal concentration of Paraquatand 2,4-D were calculated 2.701, 14.475 mg/L in A. fransiscana respectively. So The LC50 of two examined herbicides was significantly differentand the mortality rate was increased by increasing exposure time. Finally, these data support the hypothesis the possible risks associatedwith the presence of herbicides particularly Paraquat residues in the aquatic animals and their environment.

The objective of the study was to establish the baseline values for blood and coagulation parameters in normal and healthy rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) of different ages and sexes. The samplepopulation consists of 40 rusa deer, divided into four groups of (i) juvenile males (ii) juvenile females (iii) adult males and (iv) adult females. The findings showed significant (p<0.05) higher values in erythrocyte count, calcium concentration and prothrombin time in the adult males compared to adult female rusa deer. On the other hand, the total protein concentration was significantly higher in adult females than adult male deer. No significant differences in blood or coagulation parameters were observed between sexes in the juvenile deer. Between age group, the adult deer had significantly higher mean cell volume, plasma protein and globulin concentration than juvenile rusa deer. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the age and sex of the rusa deer when using blood reference values for the diagnosis of diseases or health assessment.

A total of 23,322 specimens collected between 2014 and 2017, froma total of 2,592 cases, were received in Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh (VRI) from various states in Malaysia and testedfor common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigs. The highest occurrence of isolated bacteria from 771 samples whichtested positive were Salmonella (47.38%) and Escherichia coli (15.68%), followed by Staphylococcus (6.62%), Streptococcus (5.57%), Klebsiella pneumonia (4.88%), Pseudomona (3.38%), Acinetobacter (3.14%), Aeromonas (2.79%), Enterobacter (2.44%), one each of Bacillus and Pasteurella multocida (1.74%), Enterococcus (1.39%) and Corynebacterium (1.05%). 1.74% of each bacteria detected were Moxarella, Aspergillus, Burkholderia andChromobacterium. Positive samples tested by ELISA was Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (9.15%), Aujezsky disease virus (ADV)(5.37%), porcine cirvo-virus-2 (PCV2) (5.09%) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (4.52%). Positive amples tested by the molecular test wasPCV2 (1.62%), PRRSV (1.32%) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (0.4%). Serology tests were conducted on 11,305 samplesand reported positive for Brucella suis (15.32%), Brucella abortus (0.62%), Brucella melitensis (0.85%), and melioidosis (0.05%). Parasitology analyses on 99 samples. revealed presence of 10.1% coccidia and 1% each of helminths and Sarcocystis. Within the 4-year period, there were no positive samples for porcine parvovirus (PPV), Nipah virus, swine influenza virus (SIV), and bacteria of Johne’s disease and leptospirosis. Continuous assessment is required to establish a comprehensive baseline data of swine diseases in Malaysia.

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer is one of the reproductivetechnologies which is important to increase animal production. In this case report, four cows were selected as donors while elevencows were selected as recipients. Both donors and recipients had undergone the same procedures and steps for multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), such as cow preparation, synchronisation and where only donor cows follow the superovulation protocol. Cows were artificially inseminated and the embryos were flushed and graded. Out of four selected cows for donor, one of them was pregnant and only two cows actuallyproduced the embryos. The recovery rate for the embryo collection was 70.1%, and from 13 embryos (including unfertilised ova), 84.6% of the embryos was classified as good quality and suitable for embryo transfer. The overall results showed that out of eight recipients, five cows were detected pregnant, a 62.5% pregnancy rate. The aim of this report is to describe the procedures aswell as the factors that affect the successful of the MOET programme.