The carcass characteristics of indigenous Siruvidai chicken were evaluated by sacrificing eight birds of each sex at 16 weeks of age. The results revealed that the mean pre-slaughter weight, New York dressed yield (%), eviscerated carcass yield (%) and ready to cook yield (%) in males (1006.98±10.87 g, 90.50±0.14, 65.11±0.40 and 70.83±0.42 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (825.21±5.90 g, 88.85±0.09, 62.77±0.33 and 68.41±0.34 %, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 916.10±24.22 g, 89.67±0.23, 63.94±0.39 and 69.62±0.41 %, respectively. The mean blood loss and feather loss percentage were significantly (P<0.01) higher in females (4.28±0.05 and 6.87±0.08 %) than males (3.55±0.03 and 5.95±0.13 %) with the overall mean of 3.92±0.09 and 6.41±0.14 %, respectively. The giblets, gizzard, heart and liver yield of males (5.60±0.02, 2.33±0.01, 0.39±0.01 and 2.88±0.01 %, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) lower than females (5.80±0.03, 2.42±0.01, 0.42±0.01 and 2.96±0.01 % respectively) with overall mean of 5.70±0.02, 2.38±0.01, 0.41±0.01and 2.92±0.01 %, respectively. The neck, back, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick yield percentage and meat-bone ratio of Siruvidai males (6.07±0.02, 22.60±0.18, 22.51±0.06, 12.16±0.21, 17.13±0.17, 15.21±0.17 % and 0.99) were significantly (P<0.01) higher than females (5.88±0.04, 19.91±0.21, 21.50±0.16, 11.53±0.18, 15.16±0.21, 13.43±0.39 % and 0.90, respectively) and the overall mean values in the combined sex were 5.98±0.03, 21.26±0.37, 22.01±0.15, 11.85±0.16, 16.15±0.28, 14.32±0.31 % and 0.95, respectively. The results of the present study provided base line information about the carcass traits of indigenous Siruvidai chicken ecotype under farm conditions.

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence, there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of raw and nanoforms of resveratrol and silibinin as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage. 0.01% diethylnitrosamine administration to rats resulted in significantly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSH) and total protein (TP) in the liver tissue. Post-treatment with the nano resveratrol (50 mg/kg), nano silibinin (50 mg/kg), raw resveratrol (50 mg/kg), raw silibinin (50 mg/kg) orally for 30 days significantly reversed the diethylnitrosamine induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that both nano forms exhibit good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage in rats as compared to raw forms.

An outbreak of pasteurellosis was recorded in a local Japanese quail farm in Tamil Nadu with a flock capacity of 20,000 birds per batch. Mortality was reported in new arrival of 2000 birds of 14 week old quails. Mortality was recorded to be increasing from third day to 10th day of arrival with a total mortality of 410 birds at the rate of 20 birds per day for three consecutive days and 30 to 60 for seven consecutive days with the history of depression, ruffled feathers, discharge of mucous from the mouth and nostrils, anorexia, diarrhoea and respiratory distress. Necropsy was performed on dead birds which revealed numerous greyish necrotic foci scattered on the entire parenchyma of the liver on gross examination. Heart showed petechial haemorrhages on the pericardium while other organs namely kidney, intestine, spleen and lungs showed only congestion. Impression smear of the liver revealed presence of bipolar organisms on microscopic examination. Cultural examination of heart blood swab and PCR assay carried out on liver tissues confirmed the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Based on the postmortem examination and laboratory findings, diagnosis was confirmed as pasteurellosis and all the other ailing birds were treated with enrofloxacin orally @ 5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The treated birds became active with normal feeding habits after 10 days of treatment. 

A study was conducted in Murrah buffaloes belonging to Livestock Farm Complex of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, located in cauvery delta region to document the effect of heat ameliorative measures on physiological responses during summer. Twenty four buffaloes were selected and divided into four treatment groups of 6 animals per group. All the animals were maintained under standard managemental conditions with wallowing facility. The treatment group (T1) was control, animals in T2 were provided with cooling jacket, animals in T3 were supplemented with probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and T4 animals received probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and were provided cooling jacket. Physiological parameters viz., respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature were recorded during the summer season (March 2022 to May 2022) at weekly intervals in animals of all the treatment groups. Measurements were made when animals were at rest and after the exposure to sun light at 9 am and 2 pm respectively. From results it was concluded that the heat ameliorative measures given to the different groups of animals decreased the respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature during summer.

Examination of gastro intestinal tract of 20 carcasses of backyard poultry revealed mucoid material in the lumen of the proventriculus and gizzard. The mucosa of proventriculus and gizzard were thickened. Peeling of the horny gizzard cuticle layer revealed the presence of Cheilospirura hamulosa on the sub-mucosal and muscular surface. The lumen of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract contained tenacious muco-sanguineous content. Caeca was completely filled with tarry red coloured content mixed with Subulura brumpti.

An outbreak of chorioptic mange infestation was observed in a sheep and goat flock during 2021 in the Kandukur village of Anantapur district, with a history of skin itching, thick scabs and loss of hair. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecica, crusty scabs on hind limbs, face, ears and scrotal region. Microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings revealed the presence of Chorioptes spp mites. Affected sheep and goats were treated with Ivermectin injection (200 mg/kg. body wt) administered subcutaneously weekly once for 2 weeks along with dipping using Butox spray (Deltamethrin) and supportive therapy with brotone syrup (liver tonic). Examination of deep skin scraping two weeks post treatment found negative for the Chorioptes spp mites.

Parasitic infestation is the primary aetiology of anaemia in goats. Chronic parasitic infestation being the most common cause for severe anaemia in addition to the elimination of aetiology, supportive therapy is necessary for the early regain of normal physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters. The present study was conducted at the Veterinary clinical complex, Veterinary College, Bidar. Six severely anaemic goats were selected for the present study to know the efficacy of iron sucrose as supportive therapy. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded as per the standard procedures. Haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated on day 0 and day 15 of post therapy as per the standard procedures. Goats were promptly treated for the primary complaint, dipped, and dewormed to eliminate the Endecto parasites. Selected goats were supplemented with 50 mg of iron sucrose on every alternate day four times in 100 mL normal saline solution by slow intravenous route. A significant (p< 0.05) improvement was observed in physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters after 15 days of post therapy. 

A study was conducted on Soviet chinchilla rabbits (n=28) with mange infestation at Rabbit Breeding Unit, Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam, Tamil Nadu. The infested rabbits evinced the symptoms of alopecia, anorexia, pruritus, skin erosion, and dry crust like lesions on extremities, ears, nose, and face. The affected rabbits were grouped into four groups (7 for each group) for different therapeutic treatments along with antihistamine and vitamin supplementation for a period of 4 weeks with weekly intervals. It was established that treatment group 4 was successful in curative and early revival of mange infestation.

A biological trial was conducted at Department of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai to evaluate the effect of inclusion of RDDGS in commercial broiler diet on hematological, serum biochemical parameters. A total of 144 commercial day-old broiler chickens were allotted to four treatments with three replicates and 12 birds per replicate. Experimental diets were prepared by including RDDGS at 0, 5, 10, 15% at the expense of soyabean meal was prepared to be nearly isocaloric and isonitrogenous as per BIS (2007) standards. At the end of the experiment blood was collected from one male and one female from each replicate and analyzed for serum biochemical and hematological parameters. Statistical analysis of data revealed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the hematological, serum biochemical and intestinal histomorphology parameters. It can be concluded that the RDDGS can be included up to 15% in commercial broiler diets without effecting the hematological and serum biochemical parameters.

Samples of feed ingredients were collected from the truck loads that arrived at feed processing unit located in Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Physical examination of collected samples was carried out prior to their chemical evaluation. Chemical evaluation of feed samples revealed that moisture content in maize grain ranged from 8.47% to 17.25% and high moisture was observed in samples received during the monsoon season (September to December). The crude protein content of protein supplements viz., soyabean meal, coconut oil cake, coconut deoiled cake (DOC), groundnut cake, groundnut deoiled cake, delinted decorticated cotton seed cake, sunflower deoiled cake and gingelly oil cake were 45.49, 25.11, 24.47, 36.92, 43.89, 35.36, 30.21 and 29.89 per cent on dry matter basis, respectively. The crude protein (% DMB) and crude fiber (% DMB) content of deoiled rice bran, rice bran and wheat bran were 15.47 and 16.13, 7.55 and 36.26, 14.26 and 9.47, respectively. Due to the high moisture content in maize grain 8.77% of the total truck loads of this ingredient received at the processing unit were rejected. Similarly, of the total truck loads of oil cakes received at the processing unit 20.93 % of soyabean meal, 12.5% of coconut oil cake, 20 % of coconut DOC, 22.22% of cotton seed cake and 33.33% of gingelly oil cake were rejected due to the lower crude protein and higher crude fiber contents. All truck loads of rice bran (100 %) were rejected due to their lower crude protein, higher crude fiber and Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) content. The study thus revealed that quality control measures are essential to check the entry of poor quality raw materials before processing the feed.