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Splenic abscess in a German shepherd dog Full text
2016
Madhavan Unny, N. | George, Manju | George, Ajith J. | Pillai, Usha N.
Splenic abscess is an uncommon condition in dogs. A 10-year oldGerman Shepherd dog was presented to the small animal medical unit of the University Veterinary Hospital, Mannuthy, with the history of anorexia. Abdominal palpation revealed splenomegaly and onultrasonography a circumscribed mixed echogenic mass was noticed within splenic parenchyma. Post-mortem examination of the spleen and histopathology of the splenic lesion was consistent with splenicabscess.
Show more [+] Less [-]Detection of Y chromosome of bovine using testis specific protein and amelogenin genes Full text
2016
Mohd Hafizal A. | Mohd Hafiz A. R. | Nor Aini W. | Suriaty R. | Halimaton Sa’adiah T. | Nurizan A.
A total of thirty-eight Mafriwal cattle were selected from a localcattle herd of a government cattle farm; of which 36 animals were sub-fertile Mafriwal female dams and two bulls which were considered as control animals (one male Mafriwal and one male Jersey). Two markers were used in the detection of Y chromosome in the sub-fertile female animal which are testis specific proteins Y-encoded (TSPY) and amelogenin (AMLX/AMLY) genes. The genes were amplified using PCR. The DNA bands from a normal male for TSPY gene size was approximately 260 bp while AMLX/ AMLY gene were approximately 341 and 467 bp. The examination of all samples showed that the sub-fertile cow revealedonly 467 bp while three fragments were detected in the control group; 260 bp (testis specific protein, Y-encoded gene), 341 and 467 bp (Amelogenin gene). The results showed that the sex chromosomeanomalies associated with Y chromosome did not occur in this group. These two sex markers can be used for the diagnosis of Y chromosome abnormality in a sub-fertile cow through polymerase chain reactionwhich is a rapid and reliable method for use in breeding herds.
Show more [+] Less [-]Climatic effects on the prevalence of the Onchocerca arthropod vector in some rural areas of Southwestern Nigeria Full text
2016
Anong, C. I. N. | Akinboade, O. A. | Adediran, O. A.
There is increasing alarm and awareness about the health dangerposed by the arthropod vector causing Onchocerciasis. This study was carried out with the aim to throw more light on the prevalence of the arthropod vector, Simulun damnosum. This research enabled us toproffer preventive advice to government and citizens. In carrying out this study, villages around flowing waters were used as sample sites. The method applied was direct observation, coupled with efficientrecording. Atmospheric temperature readings were periodically taken along with the density of the insect population observed under such temperature. The same was done for relative humidity (%), solar radiation (gm-ca/cm2, lum) and luminescence (cd/m2) in relation to the insect population of available FMH at every given period (fly per man hour). Our findings showed that climate conditions influence the reproductive level and numbers of the vector. The wet season is most conducive for the arthropod vector to reproduce and multiply. The humidity is high and temperature seems to be at the average. It is during this period that greater preventive measures need to beintentionally heightened to subdue the dangerous activities of the vector.
Show more [+] Less [-]Development of an in-house Rose Bengal plate test for diagnosis of Brucellosis in goat Full text
2016
Mohamed Ariff O. | Siti Khairani Bejo | Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus | Sani M. Y. | Zakaria Zunita
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella melitensis, is a significantproblem for both public and animal health worldwide. The Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) antigen from Brucella melitensis local isolates were developed in this study. The performance of the assay wasinvestigated using serum samples collected from goats. A total of 1063 serum samples obtained from goats were examined for thepresence of antibodies against Brucella by in-house RBPT (LRBPT), commercial RBPT (Veterinary Laboratory Agency – VLA, UK) and Compliment Fixation test (CFT). The sensitivity and specificity wascalculated using CFT as the gold standard. Out of 1063 goats sera analyzed 364 (34.24%), 335 (31.51%), and 373 (35.08%) were found to be positive by LRBPT, commercial RBPT and CFT, respectively. The sensitivity calculated for the LRBPT, was 90.1% compared to commercial RBPT 85.0%. However, the specificity of the LRBPT was lower (95.9%), than the commercial RBPT (97.4%). Furthermorethe LRBPT has better value of NPV (94.7%) than commercial RBPT NPV(92.3%). While the PPV, of the commercial RBPT is higher (94.6%) than LRBPT (92.3%) respectively. High sensitive and low cost LRBPT compared to cRBPT B. melitensis RBPT test was successfully developed in this present study. Therefore it was concluded that this diagnostic test kit can complement and replace the availablecommercial RBPT which is relatively more expensive and less sensitive in detection of brucellosis in goats. It could also be used for epidemiological surveillance of caprine brucellosis in Malaysia.
Show more [+] Less [-]Whole genome sequence of Brucella melitensisl local isolate from an infected goat in Malaysia Full text
2016
Mohd Mokhtar Arshad | Ramlan Mohamed | Shuhaila Mat Sharani | Hardy Abu Daud | Omer Khazaal Sallou | Mohd Azam Khan Goriman Khan | Hirzahida Mohd. Padil
Brucellosis in goats is mainly caused by the bacterium Brucellamelitensis, which is one of the most important pathogenic species in the world. In Malaysia, the annual prevalence data of brucellosis was recorded in goats and the control strategy of the disease basedon test and cull of infected animals. This strategy has caused huge economic losses to farmers and government alike. Therefore, whole genome sequencing of B. melitensis local strain is essential forimproving the current vaccine. B. melitensis strain VRI 6530/11 wasobtained from veterinary research institute biobank, Ipoh. The strain was submitted for classical identification procedures and the total genomic DNA was extracted by using DNeasy blood and tissue kit(QIAGEN). The concentration and purity of DNA were determined by using agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer (DNA/RNA) assay respectively. The genome was sequenced by using IlluminaHiSeq platform with insert size ~200 bp. A total of 1.0 Gb data was generated from the sample. More than 95% of sequencing data was retained in the sample after quality filtering, this indicatethe sequencing reads are of high quality. Final assembly had 33 scaffolds with total size ~3.28 Mb, 44 contigs, GC content is 57.25%, N50 is 293,291. A total of 3,238 protein coding genes, 48 tRNAs and 3rRNAs were predicted and over 87% of the genes were functionally annotated. Genome sequencing of a local B. melitensis strain is the first of its kind in Malaysia and work from this study can contribute towards the development of a new effective vaccine for the control ofthe disease in the country.
Show more [+] Less [-]Efficacy of Neem, Sabah Snake Grass leaves water extracts and Neem decoction against gastrointestinal parasites in local goats Full text
2016
Kritheka Nambiar B. | Premaalatha B. | Chandrawathani P. | Zary S. Y.
This is a study conducted to test the effectiveness of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Clinacanthus nutans (Sabah Snake Grass) water extracts and neem decoction against natural gastrointestinal helminthsin 4 groups of goats for a period of 4 weeks. This study was done on 24 experimental goats which were randomly chosen from a private farm at Gopeng, Perak. They were divided into four groups; control (n=6) and three treatment groups (n=6). Faecal egg counts and faecal culture to identify the L3 larvae were done and recorded weeklyfrom January until February 2015. Blood parameters such as FAMACHA and PCV were observed and recorded twice at the beginning and end of the study. The FEC results indicated that none of the threetreatments were significantly different to control group (P > 0.05).
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluating helminth infections in animals: a comparison of Parasep® and Mcmaster method for routine laboratory diagnosis using goat faeces Full text
2016
Tharsini J. | Premaalatha B. | Tan, P. S. | Chandrawathani P. | Khadijah S.
The worm ova estimation method is important to assess the degree of worm infestation in domestic animals. Currently, the method used in many veterinary laboratories is the McMaster method which can enumerate the number of eggs per gram of faeces. Due to emergingand re-emerging diseases currently being diagnosed in Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, it is important to seek new, less risky methods for diagnosis of faecal samples. In view of increasing risk to the laboratory personnel conducting tests on faecal samples, the Parasep® method was assessed to indicate its suitability as aroutine test method. The results indicate that there was no significant differences between the worm egg counts enumeratedby conventional McMaster method and Parasep® method (Z = -1.111, P = 0.267). It is however, critical that assessment based on costs, time and ease of conducting the tests for lab staff be done before adopting this method in diagnostic laboratories.
Show more [+] Less [-]Avian adenovirus isolated from broiler affected with inclusion body hepatitis Full text
2016
Redzuan I. | Norsharina A. | Ardy A. | Norina L. | Nurnadiah A. H. | Nor-Ismaliza I.
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) has been reported in many countriesin the world. The IBH characterized presence of intra-nuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes in chickens. On December 2015, an onset of high acute mortality in a flock of 12, 18 and 23- day-old broiler chickens in Malacca and Johore was reported to the RegionalVeterinary Laboratory, Johor Bahru, Peninsular Malaysia. The birds showed lethargy, huddling, ruffled feathers, and inappetence. At necropsy, the livers were enlarged, pale yellow, friable andwith multiple petechial hemorrhages, the kidney were congested and enlarged, with hydropericardium and gizzard erosion. Large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in hepatocytes. PCR revealed liver were positive of FAdV at expected band of 1219 bp and the nucleotide sequence share 95-99% identity with the fowl adenovirus species E, serotype 8b. Based on the acute high mortality, age of the broilers, gross and microscopic lesions (especially intranuclear inclusion bodies) and molecular finding, the condition was diagnosed as adenovirus inclusion body hepatitis.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams Full text
2016
Rouatbi, Mariem(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Gharbi, Mohamed(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Rjeibi, Mohamed R.(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Salem, Imen Ben(Manouba University Department of Animal Production, Service of Animal Science) | Akkari, Hafidh(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Lassoued, Narjess(National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia Department of Animal and Forage) | Rekik, Mourad(International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas)
Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams Full text
2016
Rouatbi, Mariem(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Gharbi, Mohamed(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Rjeibi, Mohamed R.(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Salem, Imen Ben(Manouba University Department of Animal Production, Service of Animal Science) | Akkari, Hafidh(Manouba University Laboratory of Parasitology) | Lassoued, Narjess(National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia Department of Animal and Forage) | Rekik, Mourad(International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas)
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on rams' haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters and reproductive performances. A total number of 12 Barbarine rams (control and infected) were included in the experiment. The infected group received 30 000 H. contortus third-stage larvae orally. Each ram's ejaculate was immediately evaluated for volume, sperm cell concentration and mortality rate. At the end of the experiment (day 82 post-infection), which lasted 89 days, serial blood samples were collected in order to assess plasma testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. There was an effect of time, infection and their interaction on haematological parameters (p < 0.001). In infected rams, haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin started to decrease from 21 days post-infection. There was an effect of time and infection for albumin. For total protein, only infection had a statistically significant effect. For glucose, only time had a statistically significant effect. Concentrations were significantly lower in infected rams compared to control animals. A significant effect of infection and time on sperm concentrations and sperm mortality was observed. The effect of infection appears in time for sperm concentrations at days 69 and 76 post-infection. Sperm mortality rate was significantly higher in infected animals at day 46 post-infection when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Finally, plasma testosterone traits (average concentration, cumulated levels during the sampling period and pulse frequency) were depressed in infected rams when compared to control counterparts; none of these endocrine traits were affected for plasma LH.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams Full text
2016
Rouatbi, Mariem | Gharbi, Mohamed | Rijeibi, Mohammed | Ben Salem, Imene | Akkari, Hafidh | Lassoued, Narjess | Rekik, Mourad
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on rams’ haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters and reproductive performances. A total number of 12 Barbarine rams (control and infected) were included in the experiment. The infected group received 30 000 H. contortus third-stage larvae orally. Each ram’s ejaculate was immediately evaluated for volume, sperm cell concentration and mortality rate. At the end of the experiment (day 82 post-infection), which lasted 89 days, serial blood samples were collected in order to assess plasma testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. There was an effect of time, infection and their interaction on haematological parameters (p < 0.001). In infected rams, haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin started to decrease from 21 days post-infection. There was an effect of time and infection for albumin. For total protein, only infection had a statistically significant effect. For glucose, only time had a statistically significant effect. Concentrations were significantly lower in infected rams compared to control animals. A significant effect of infection and time on sperm concentrations and sperm mortality was observed. The effect of infection appears in time for sperm concentrations at days 69 and 76 post-infection. Sperm mortality rate was significantly higher in infected animals at day 46 post-infection when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Finally, plasma testosterone traits (average concentration, cumulated levels during the sampling period and pulse frequency) were depressed in infected rams when compared to control counterparts; none of these endocrine traits were affected for plasma LH.
Show more [+] Less [-]Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams Full text
2016
narjess lassoued | mariem rouatbi | mohamed gharbi | mohamed r. rjeibi | imen ben salem | mourad rekik | hafidh akkari
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on ramsâ?? haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters and reproductive performances. A total number of 12 Barbarine rams (control and infected) were included in the experiment. The infected group received 30 000 H. contortus third-stage larvae orally. Each ramâ??s ejaculate was immediately evaluated for volume, sperm cell concentration and mortality rate. At the end of the experiment (day 82 post-infection), which lasted 89 days, serial blood samples were collected in order to assess plasma testosterone and luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations. There was an effect of time, infection and their interaction on haematological parameters (p < 0.001). In infected rams, haematocrit, red blood cell count and haemoglobin started to decrease from 21 days post-infection. There was an effect of time and infection for albumin. For total protein, only infection had a statistically significant effect. For glucose, only time had a statistically significant effect. Concentrations were significantly lower in infected rams compared to control animals. A significant effect of infection and time on sperm concentrations and sperm mortality was observed. The effect of infection appears in time for sperm concentrations at days 69 and 76 post-infection. Sperm mortality rate was significantly higher in infected animals at day 46 post-infection when compared to control group (p < 0.05). Finally, plasma testosterone traits (average concentration, cumulated levels during the sampling period and pulse frequency) were depressed in infected rams when compared to control counterparts; none of these endocrine traits were affected for plasma LH | Mariem Rouatbi, Mohamed Gharbi, Mohammed Rijeibi, Imene Ben Salem, Hafidh Akkari, Narjess Lassoued, Mourad Rekik. (30/8/2016). Effect of the infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida: Trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 83(1), pp. 1-8.
Show more [+] Less [-]Medicinal plants used to control internal and external parasites in goats Full text
2016
Sanhokwe, Marcia(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Mupangwa, Johnfisher(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Masika, Patrick J.(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science ,Fort Cox College of Agriculture and Forestry) | Maphosa, Viola(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Muchenje, Voster(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science)
Medicinal plants used to control internal and external parasites in goats Full text
2016
Sanhokwe, Marcia(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Mupangwa, Johnfisher(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Masika, Patrick J.(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science ,Fort Cox College of Agriculture and Forestry) | Maphosa, Viola(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science) | Muchenje, Voster(University of Fort Hare Alice Department of Livestock and Pasture Science)
The use of medicinal plants plays a major role in the primary health care of animals in South Africa. A survey was conducted to document medicinal plants used to control parasites in goats in Kwezi and Ntambethemba villages in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Information from 50 farmers and 3 herbalists was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, and a snowball sampling technique was used to identify key informants. The obtained data were analysed using PROC FREQ of SAS (2003), and fidelity level values were determined to estimate the healing potential of the mentioned plants. The survey revealed nine plant species belonging to eight families that were used to control parasites in goats. Asphodelaceae (22.22%) was the most frequently used plant family. Leaves were the most used plant parts, constituting 60.38%. They were prepared either as infusions or decoctions of single plants or in mixtures. Aloe ferox, Acokanthera oppositifolia and Elephantorrhiza elephantina were the plants having the highest fidelity level for their use to control parasites, each scoring 100%, followed by Albuca setosa (83.33%). The study revealed low knowledge about ethno-veterinary medicine in the study area. It also revealed that information on ethno-veterinary medicine in this area is mostly confined to older people and there is danger that this knowledge can be lost before being passed on to other generations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to document information on these plant species so that the future generation can benefit. Further investigation should be carried out to validate the efficacy and safety of the above-mentioned plants so as to provide cheap alternative ways of controlling parasites.
Show more [+] Less [-]Medicinal plants used to control internal and external parasites in goats Full text
2016
Marcia Sanhokwe | Johnfisher Mupangwa | Patrick J. Masika | Viola Maphosa | Voster Muchenje
The use of medicinal plants plays a major role in the primary health care of animals in South Africa. A survey was conducted to document medicinal plants used to control parasites in goats in Kwezi and Ntambethemba villages in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Information from 50 farmers and 3 herbalists was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, and a snowball sampling technique was used to identify key informants. The obtained data were analysed using PROC FREQ of SAS (2003), and fidelity level values were determined to estimate the healing potential of the mentioned plants. The survey revealed nine plant species belonging to eight families that were used to control parasites in goats. Asphodelaceae (22.22%) was the most frequently used plant family. Leaves were the most used plant parts, constituting 60.38%. They were prepared either as infusions or decoctions of single plants or in mixtures. Aloe ferox, Acokanthera oppositifolia and Elephantorrhiza elephantina were the plants having the highest fidelity level for their use to control parasites, each scoring 100%, followed by Albuca setosa (83.33%). The study revealed low knowledge about ethnoveterinary medicine in the study area. It also revealed that information on ethno-veterinary medicine in this area is mostly confined to older people and there is danger that this knowledge can be lost before being passed on to other generations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to document information on these plant species so that the future generation can benefit. Further investigation should be carried out to validate the efficacy and safety of the above-mentioned plants so as to provide cheap alternative ways of controlling parasites. Keywords: ailments; ethno-veterinary practices; small ruminant; traditional medicine
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