Objective: This study aimed to find a quality probiotic ice cream formula by adding dadih, which is a result of the fermentation of buffalo milk in a bamboo tube. Materials and Methods: This study began with making dadih using 2 types of bamboo (Gigantochloa verticillata and Gigantochloa auriculata Kurz) to obtain dadih with the highest total probiotic colonies. Dadih with the highest colonies was used to continue the study. Furthermore, dadih was isolated to obtain the dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which was identified molecularly using the 16S rRNA gene with the Polymerase polymerase chain reaction technique. The application of dadih into probiotic ice cream was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors. The first factor was the level of dadih, namely ICD 0 (ice cream without dadih), ICD 1 (5%), ICD 2 (10%), and ICD 3 (15%). The second factor was the length of ice cream storage (week), namely T0 (0), T1 (1), T2 (2) and T3 (3). Examination of pH, protein, fat content, and total bacterial colonies in ice cream was conducted. The research continued with sensory testing with 30 panelists. Results: The highest total probiotic colonies were 1×107 obtained in dadih fermented by Gigantochloa auriculata Kurz bamboo dominated by Weisselia paramesenteroides strain JCM 9890. pH of dadih was 4.52. Antimicrobial zones of dadih against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were 6.6, 8.1, and 7.7, respectively. The chemical quality test of ice cream showed that the pH was in the range of 6.21–5.61. Protein content ranged from 4.62 to 6.12, while fat content ranged from 6.03 to 8.12. Total ice cream colonies were in the range of 1×104 to 2.9×106. There was no interaction between the percentage of dadih and the length of ice cream storage time on the parameters of pH, protein, fat content, total LAB colonies, and sensory test result. The higher the dadih concentration, the more acidic the ice cream, and the higher the protein, fat content, and total LAB colonies. The sensory test showed that 15% of dadih was the most preferred by panelists. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that ice cream with a 15% dadih addition is the most preferred and proven probiotic ice cream. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 214-221]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing potentials of spirulina utilizing a rat model. Materials and Methods: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity, while carrageenan was employed to induce hind paw inflammation. The wound healing capability was assessed by making a 6 mm round wound with a biopsy punch on the dorsal interscapular area of each rat. The animals were fed a diet mixed with spirulina at dosages of 250 and 500 mg.kg−1bwt. Paw thickness measurements were taken at 1, 3, and 6 h after carrageenan injection. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 leads to hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by significantly elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Treatment with spirulina markedly reduced these biochemical markers. CCl4-induced hepatic cellular necrosis, central vein congestion, and steatosis were notably improved following spirulina administration. Additionally, spirulina treatment diminished paw edema and shortened wound closure time in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analysis of the inflamed paw revealed massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickening of the epidermis, both of which showed significant improvement with spirulina treatment. The anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects of spir¬ulina were comparable to those of indomethacin, an established anti-inflammatory drug. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that Spirulina platensis possesses beneficial properties in counteracting hepatotoxicity and inflammation. Additionally, it exhibited significant wound-healing effects in rat models. These results reinforce the potential health advantages of spirulina as an effective functional food. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 303-311]

Objective: This study aims to analyze and map existing research literature on peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) to identify research hotspots, knowledge gaps, and future directions. PPRV causes peste des petits ruminants (PPRs) disease, leading to significant impacts on small ruminants through high mortality rates and trade limitations. Eradication programs are led by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Organization for Animal Health. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from the Scopus database using keywords related to PPRV and PPR, covering the period from 1990 to 2023. Validation methods were employed to verify the search strategy's accuracy. Data analysis focused on identifying temporal evolution, geographical distribution, key contributors, sources, research hotspots, and gaps, which were visualized using maps. Results: The study identified 478 research documents from 1,834 authors, with most being research articles (91.0%). A significant increase in publications was observed from 1990 to 2023, peaking in 2019 and 2021. India led with 112 articles, followed by the UK (79) and China (71). Top research institutions included the Indian Veterinary Research Institute and the Pirbright Institute in the UK. Major contributors like S. Parida and V. Balamurugan formed dense international col¬laboration networks. Key journals included "Transboundary and Emerging Diseases" and "Journal of Virological Methods." Conclusion: This study reveals an increased global scientific production on PPRV, driven by international collaboration. However, research gaps remain, particularly from North African and Middle Eastern countries. Priorities include vaccine development, vaccination campaigns, veteri¬nary capacity building, and enhanced reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction implemen¬tation. Insights from ths study can guide policymakers, funders, and researchers in prioritizing resources and strategies to eradicate PPRV, ensuring sustainable livestock health and economic stability. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 90-98]

Objective: The increasing antibiotic resistance in poultry pathogens presents a significant public health risk, leading to the exploration of effective alternatives in broiler feed, particularly probiotics such as Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to isolate B. subtilis strains from indigenous chicken feces that can inhibit Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains, common causes of diarrhea in poultry. Materials and Methods: Bacillus strains were isolated from chicken feces and screened for antibacterial activity using an agar well diffusion assay. Bacillus strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Their probiotic potential was assessed through in vitro assays measuring extracellular enzyme production, adhesion properties, and resilience to acidic and bile salt conditions. Freeze-drying techniques were applied to evaluate strain viability and stability. In vivo studies determined the colonization ability of selected strains in the chicken intestine. Results: From 121 B. subtilis isolates, six B. subtilis strains demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. typhimurium. Five strains were confirmed as B. subtilis through sequencing. Based on their probiotic attributes, B. subtilis H1 and B. subtilis BSn5 were identified as the most promising candidates. Notably, B. subtilis BSn5 exhibited stable viability when freeze-dried, surviving for up to two months, and successfully colonized the chicken intestinal tract in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that B. subtilis BSn5 may serve as a viable probiotic alternative to antibiotics in poultry, with regular supplementation necessary to sustain its benefits. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 53-63]

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of aging time on the quality of meat, fatty acid profiles, and volatile compounds in cooked Thai native beef. Materials and Methods: The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design, where the aging time (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) served as the treatment and the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from Thai native cattle (n = 4) was considered a block. Results: Meat color and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased as the aging time increased. Furthermore, the moisture content decreased while the protein and ash content increased with a longer aging time. The proportions of fatty acids showed significant differences with varying aging times. These fatty acids exhibited the highest proportions in the 14-day dry-aged beef samples. The levels of short-chain aldehydes (pentanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, and 2-non¬enal) and alcohols (1-hexanol and 1-octanol) decreased as the aging time increased. However, there was an increase in long-chain aldehydes (tetradecanal, hexadecanal, heptadecanal, and octadecanal) with longer aging time. In addition, the levels of toluene, dodecane, tridecane, methyl-pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, and dimethyl trisulfide were higher in 14-day dry-aged beef compared to beef that had not been aged. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the number of the 6 significant fatty acids in the dry-aged beef samples and the 12 volatile compounds in cooked beef. Conclusion: Our results suggest that aging times significantly influence the fatty acid profiles of Thai native beef, which in turn are correlated with the characteristic volatile compounds. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 179-191]

Objective: The objectives of this study are to measure the body weight (BW) and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes, identify the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene polymorphisms, and associate them with the BW and morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes. Materials and Methods: This study used 39 Napu buffaloes (9 males and 30 females). Morphometric measurements were performed using a measuring tape. The GH and IGF-1 gene diversity analysis was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing techniques. Results: The results showed that there is diversity in BW and body size of Napu buffaloes due to the influence of age and sex. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis of the GH|AluI gene showed 0% VV, 100% LL, and 0% VL genotypes. While the IGF-1|SnaBI gene shows the genotype AA 0%, BB 100%, and AB 0%. The sequencing results of the GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes did not find mutations. Conclusion: Age and sex in Napu buffaloes may affect BW and body size. The GH and IGF-1 genes in Napu buffaloes are monomorphic, so no association can be made with the morphometric parameters of Napu buffaloes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 205-213]

Microplastics (MPs) are tiny particles derived from plastic, and their high fragmentation poses a significant threat to the marine environment. MPs can originate from various sources, such as primary or secondary sources as well as internal or external sources. However, in marine environments, MPs mainly enter from external sources, such as plastic waste, debris from land-based activities, tourism, shipping, and atmospheric deposition. MP accumulation in marine ecosystems is also influenced by the use of plastic equipment, aquaculture feed, health products, and particular environmental conditions. Understanding the ecotoxicological effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs on the health of marine organisms is crucial. The effects of MPs on the health of marine organisms are well reported by different studies, highlighting their interactions with a wide range of marine life, including plankton, invertebrates, crustaceans, corals, seagrass, fish, and even humans. Thus, MPs have been reported as a notorious pollutant because of their deleterious impacts on the morphology, physiology, immunology, behavior, reproduction, and heredity of marine organisms. Moreover, most MPs are slowly degradable, and degradation is dependent on various biotic and abiotic factors, resulting in continuous accumulation in the marine environment. This review provides an in-depth explanation of the sources of MPs, along with their impacts on marine organisms, ecosystems, aquaculture, and human health. In addition, it will discuss the degradation of MPs in the marine environment to explore the potential strategies for reducing the harmful impacts of MPs. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 260-279]

Objective: The present study was designed to conduct molecular and morphological identification of cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from Bangladesh along with nucleotide polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from two hosts (cat and human). The species was identified through morphological studies first, and then DNA was extracted for subsequent molecular analysis. A part of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using extracted DNA as a template. The amplified region was sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy method. The sequence was subjected to NCBI BLASTn search. BioEdit and MEGA 11 software were used for multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and generating a phylogenetic tree. Results: Morphological features such as shape, size, and appendages showed similarity with C. felis. The metatibial formula of chaetotaxy (2-2-2-2-1-3) was confirmed for species-level identification. NCBI BLASTn search showed the highest sequence identity with the available sequence of C. felis such as 99.78% (NC_049858.1) and 99.12% (MW420044.1 and MK941844.1) with 100% query coverage. MSA of C. felis sequences from different geographical distributions show their sequence affinities with each other, and the phylogenetic tree presents their relationship with each other. Conclusion: Both morphological and molecular studies clearly indicate the identity and confirmation of cat flea (C. felis) from Bangladesh. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 280-286]

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of 2 mT static magnetic field (SMF) exposure for 1 h on the expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 genes in hepatic cells of obese mice. By examining these critical regulators of calcium (Ca2+) signaling and cellular metabolism, the research aims to elucidate the role of SMF in modulating molecular pathways essential for Ca2+ homeostasis and metabolic regulation in the context of obesity. Materials and Methods: Liver samples were obtained from C57BL/6J mice and preserved in RNALater. The samples were divided into two main groups: the control group, which received a standard diet, and the obese group, which was exposed to a high-fat diet. Furthermore, the obese group was stratified based on the duration of SMF exposure, including intervals of 0, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (1 h per day with an intensity of Bmax = 2 mT). Statistical tests were conducted with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The research findings highlighted a noteworthy increase in the relative expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 among obese mice exposed to SMF for 7 days (obe7) and those exposed for 14 days (obe14) in comparison to the obese group without SMF exposure. Both the obe7 and obe14 groups exhibited no significant difference in relative Stim1 expression when compared to the non-obese group. However, in terms of Itpr3 expression, the obe14 group did not show a significant difference from the non-obese mouse group. The results of the correlation analysis unveiled a substantial and robust correlation between the relative expression of Stim1 and Itpr3 (r = 0.627, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest a potential link between SMF exposure, the expression of Ca2+ regulatory genes, and the intricate pathways involved in obesity-related molecular responses. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 231-237]

Objective: This study aimed to use the potential chitosan processing waste from shrimp heads as a premix to improve the production performance of laying chickens. Materials and Methods: This research uses shrimp head waste, NaOH, hydrochloric acid, Na₂SeO₃, and NaCl solutions. Processing shrimp head waste into chitosan is done in three ways, namely demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. Each of the resulting liquid wastes is then mixed until a neutral mixture is obtained. The data observed were the nutrient and amino acid content of liquid waste from the deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation processes, as well as the neutral mixture. Results: The results showed liquid waste from the process of making chitosan from shrimp head waste using deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation methods, as well as a neutral mixture containing little energy, protein, and fat but is rich in minerals. The most abundant and complete amino acid content is found in deproteination process wastewater and neutral mixtures. Conclusion: In conclusion, the waste from making chitosan from shrimp head waste through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, and the neutral mixture contains enough minerals and amino acids needed by livestock, so it has the potential to be used as a premix. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 117-122]