The objective of the study was to analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of luteal blood flow during the first trimester of pregnancy in crossbred cows. Sixty pregnant animals were ultrasonographically investigated during three stages of gestation viz., Stage I: 25 – 35 days; Stage II: 45 – 60 days and Stage III: 75 – 90 days. The intensity of luteal blood flow was assessed and quantitative parameters were recorded. Very high intensity of luteal vascularity was found in stage I indicative of active neo-vascularization. The values of Doppler indices were reduced in stage II when compared to stage I, indicating a lesser resistance and free flow of blood as the pregnancy advanced. Progressive increase in vascularity could be attributed to the increasing demand of the CL to meet out the endocrine activity and maintenance of pregnancy.

This paper investigates the shelf life of mother’s milk at refrigerated storage (5˚C) processed by pulsed electric field technology (PEF), which is one of the novel, non–thermal methods of processing. Mother’s milk was processed using PEF technology by applying voltage gradient 35kV with different treatment times (3000 μs and 4500 μs). The processed samples were collected in sterile bottles and stored at 5˚C. The physico – chemical parameters (pH and acidity) of the PEF treated samples were analyzed at regular intervals and the results were compared with the pasteurized (62.5°C for 30 minutes) mother’s milk samples. Mean value for pH and acidity (ºD) was observed as 6.8±0.07 and 5.84±0.48 respectively during the 19th day of storage at 5ºC when the samples were treated at 35kV with a PEF treatment time of 4500 μs (T2). For pasteurized samples, mean value for pH and acidity (ºD) was observed as 6.75±0.09 and 6.17±0.61 respectively during the 7th day of storage at 5ºC. The results revealed that PEF treated samples stored at 5ºC remained shelf stable for 19 days whereas pasteurized milk samples stored at 5ºC remained shelf stable for 7 days.

Five years old seven month pregnant crossbred Jersey cow was presented with the history of anorexia and passing coffee coloured urine. Clinical examination of the animal revealed fever, pale mucous membrane, haemoglobinuria, suspended rumination and moderate tick infestation. Peripheral blood smear was stained with Giemsa stain and examined under compound light microscope found that the sample was positive for Babesia spp. The animal was treated with diminazine aceturate @ 3.5mg/kg b.wt IM along with supportive therapy. The animal was successfully recovered from the Babesiosis, after the ten days of recovery the cow was aborted.

A Seven months old female Jersey cross bred calf was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College amp; Research Institute, Tirunelveli with the history of trauma on the left eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed chronic deep corneal ulcer on the left eye. The presented case was successfully treated with temporary tarsorrhaphy and medical management. Animal had an uneventful recovery.

Vibrio is a major sea food pathogen which needs to be monitored regularly for devising appropriate control strategy to ensure food safety among sea food consumers and handlers. The present study aims to ascertain the occurrence of Vibrio spp. in seafood viz fishes, prawn/shrimps, crabs and water samples collected from various fish markets in and around Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 175 samples were screened, of which 106 (60.57%) samples were found positive by PCR targeting the 16s rRNA of Vibrio genus and all the positive isolates were subjected to toxR gene identification by Multiplex PCR for species level identification. At the species level 28(26.41%) were positive for Vibrio parahemolyticus (Vp), 6 (5.67%) positive for Vibrio Cholerae (Vc), 2 (1.89%) positive for Vibrio vulnificus (Vv). The presence of mixed vibrio species were also observed of which 56 samples (43.40%) revealed the presence of Vp and Vc, 7 (6.60%) with Vp and Vv, 3 (2.84%) with Vv and Vc and 14 samples with (13.20%) Vp, Vv and Vv. The present study identified the presence along with mixed Vibrio spp. in most of the samples tested from the study area.

A retrospective study was carried out to assess the udder affections of cows that were presented to the Large Animal Medicine Referral Clinic of Veterinary College and Research Institute, Thanjavur, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu during June 2017 to April 2018. In this study involving 161 cows, 4 cows were found to have udder swelling / abscess diagnosed by ultrasound and percutaneous aspiration done under sonagraphic guidance. Udder ultrasound revealed hyperechoic alveolar tissue with anechoic/ heterogenous content in the affected quarters. Aspirated samples were culturally positive for the isolate Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test showed highest susceptibility to streptomycin followed by enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and amoxycillin with good recovery on treatment.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) or viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is an infectious neuropathological disease affecting more than 120 fish species. Although VER affects mainly marine fish , the disease has also been detected in certain species reared in low  saline and freshwater environments. In the present study, a case of betanodavirus associated massive mortality was investigated in juvenile seabass Latescalcarifer, maintained in cage culture facilities in brackishwater pond in Odisha(India).The affected fish showed clinical signs typical of betanodavirus infection around 70 days post hatch (dph), resulting sudden mass mortality in all the cages affecting almost 100% of the population. Histopathology revealed massive necrosis of tubules in kidney and mild vacuolation of the nervous system, suggesting an infection by betanodavirus.The presence of virus was detected and confirmed by nested RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis of PCR product. Sequencing of the PCR product indicated sequence homology with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus(RGNNV) type.However , the reservoir of the virus leading to the outbreak remains unidentified but suspects the infected fry as source. This is the first report of mortality associated with natural infection of betanodavirus infection in inland cage farming facilities in India.

Trazodone is a commonly used medication in the United States for the treatment of anxiety in dogs.This article is intended to bring awareness among small animal veterinary practitioners of India about trazodone and its potential uses in the treatment of post-operative hyperactivity, noise phobia, separation anxiety and aggressive behavior.

Tiruchy Black is one of the coarse wool breeds of sheep reared in Tamil Nadu. An investigation was undertaken to ascertain the migratory pattern and socio-economic status of Tiruchy Black sheep at 71 flocks in 53 villages of Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts of Tamil Nadu. The migratory tracts were almost regular over the year in the breeding tract. A total of eight migratory tracts comprising of three major and five minor tracts were identified. The overall distance covered was 98.64 ± 1.13 km with a range of 15 to 128 km. The mean radial migratory distance was 184.12 ± 1.42 with range from 65 to 234 in major tracts and 34.12 ± 1.62 with a range of 15 to 64 Km in minor tracts. The Tiruchy Black sheep farmers family size was comprised of 2-5 numbers and both the genders were involved in sheep rearing. In the present study, it was observed that vast majority of sheep farmers belonged to the most backward (72.16 %), followed by backward (22.37 %) and others (5.47 %). Majority of sheep farmers belonged to the ‘Kurumba Gounders’ (96.00%). A small proportion of them in small farms belonged to the Vanniyars (4.00%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant relation between caste, community and farm size. Depending upon the condition of the animal, prices of adult rams and ewes varied from Rs. 7,000 to 8,000 and from Rs.5000 to 6,000 respectively. Surplus ram lambs were sold at the age of 3 to 5 months for Rs.1,750 to 2,500. It is concluded that the Tiruchy Black sheep farmers were following traditionally migratory pattern over the generations and which helps improves their socio­economic status in the breeding tract of Tamil Nadu.

nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; The pelvic girdle of Chinese goose was a large, elongated bone, narrow cranially (3.0 cm) and wide (8.0 cm) caudally. It consisted of two os coxae, each of which was made up of an ilium, an ischium and a pubis. The ilium of the Chinese goose was the largest and longest (14 cm) bone of the os coxae. The pre-acetabular part of the ilium was 6.80 cm long and 2.0 cm wide. The post-acetabular part of ilium was 7.2 cm long. The ilioneural canal was slightly broad in front and narrow caudally. The pelvic surface of ilium showed six openings on either side of the bodies of the lumbosacral mass. The ischiatic foramen was 3.60 cm long and 1.20 cm wide. The ischium was triangular in shape and 7.50 cm long. The caudal border of the pelvis was wide (7.50 cm) and showed a deep notch. The pubis was long (12.0cm), thin, bent rod-like bone, projected well beyond the caudal border of the os coxae and bent medially. The pectineal process was short and rounded. Pneumatic foramina were absent in the os coxae of the Chinese goose. The acetabulum was large and formed by all the three bones. The anti-trochanter was quadrilateral in shape and prominent.