An attempt was made to have a better understanding of wound healing in skin of adult rabbits. Stages of healing showed in during microscopic changes in epidermal and dermal regions. The ratio of changes was rapid up during 48 hours. The epithelium invaded actively underlying connective tissue. There was a closely packed mass of cells immediately subjacent to the epithelium, also there was an appearance of collagen fibers laying between the cells. Close contact between dermal and epidermal cells was happened at the time when epithelial invasion and basement membrane was reformed close to the epithelium.

This study conducted to evaluated 150 sheep urine sample [91 female (59) male] for the physical characteristic (color, odor, and specific gravity), chemical characteristic (ketone bodies and glucose) and for the presence of bacterial isolates. Most urine samples have amber color and ammonia odor especially the samples which show positive results in bacterial isolate, while presence of ketone bodies was indicated by the appearance of fruity odor. This study showed that 48 (32%) of urine samples are ketone positive [34 (37.36%) females and 14 (23.72%) males], and 42 (28%) of samples are glucose positive[26 (28.57%) females and 16 (27.11%) males]. Where as the bacteriological examination of urine revealed that 38 (32%) of female urine samples show positive results in bacterial isolation including 15 (16.48%) Escherichia coli, 11 (12.08%) Staphylococcus aureas, 6 (6.59%) streptococcus spp., 4 (4.39%) Proteus spp. and 2 (2.19%) Klebsilla spp. . While the results of bacterial examination of male urine samples revealed that 20 (33.89%) show positive bacterial isolation including 8 (13.55%) E. coli, 6 (10.16%) Staph. aureus, 3 (5.08%) Sterpt. Spp. and 3(5.08%) Proteus spp.

Oral carbohydrate administration tests were used to gain more insight into the ability of common carp Cyprinus Carpio to digest different sources of carbohydrates. Four carbohyd- rates were administered orally after the common carp were fasted for 24h. Blood was sampled from fish at selected time intervals from 1 to 4h. Higher blood glucose level(p

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cyperus longous (Rhizomes) on killing the (larval stage) protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro compared with the two drugs Tinidazole and Praziquantel using the concentrations (5 , 10 , 15 , 20) % of the plant extracts and (1.25 , 1.8 , 2.5) % for Tinidazole and (0.1 , 0.15 , 0.2) % for Praziquantel respectively. The study shows that the aqueous extract at 20% have showen highest protoscolicidal activity. All the protoscolices were killed in the first day after treatment. While the concentration 5% shows the lowest activity in killing the protoscolices which was in the 6th day , while the time of killing protoscolices was in the 3rd day and 2nd day at the concentration (10 , 15)% respectively. There is no significant differences between aqueous and alcoholic extract of Cyperus longous P< 0.01 , so aqueous extract used in our study because of its lower price and its safety. Tinidazole and Praziquantel have showen the great activity on killing the protoscolices in the ½ an hour and an hour at (2.5 , 0.2) % respectively. The preservative solution ( Hankُ s solution). Keep the protoscolices viable 59% to 21 days.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the pathological changes of the acute toxicity of Malathion as organophosphorus insecticide in wild pigeons (Rock dove). Liver enzyme Alanine Transaminase (ALT) in the serum of treated pigeons was measured. The maximum tolerated dose of malathion was 3.525mg / kg B.W. However, when the maximum tolerated dose of the malathion was given to group A, two out of eight pigeons died within two hours after treatment .The insecticide caused clinical signs appeared within two hours before death, they included salivation, lacrimation , gasping, frequent defecation, drooping of wings, tremors, convulsion and recumbancy. Also the histopathological changes of the acute toxicity of present study included vacculation of nerve fibers in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve, meningitis associated with lymphocytic infiltration in the brain, myocardial fibrosis, aggregation of lymphocytes and hepatic septal fibrosis. Cortical fibrosis with inflammatory cells, regenerating renal cortical tubules and dilated cortical tubules were also seen. Compared to control values the exposure to insecticide caused increase of the ALT level in the serum for treated pigeons, and this increment was significant. In conclusion Malathion insecticide administered orally at maximum tolerated dose induced clinical signs of poisoning, pathological changes in different organs of pigeons and increased the ALT value.

To questing the severity and courses of experimental infection with Trichophyton mentogrophytes var mentogrophytes in four groups of eight rabbits, prepared HIS against the fungus was used in different routs and doses in two groups (second and third group). 0.2ml subcutaneously in 2nd group and0.1 ml interadermally in 3rd group. The shorter course of the infection was recorded in 1st group previously infected and left with out treatment with HIS, while complete healing was recoded after 5 weeks and 8 weeks in 2nd and 3rd group respectively in compared to 4th group ( control group) after 10 weeks.

Twenty pregnant goats at gestation period ranged from 100 – 130 days were used in this study and divided in to four groups according to duration of gestation period. G (A) = 100 – 110 days, G (B) = 111 – 120 days, G (C) = 121 – 130 days. All of the goats were injected with a single dose of 2.5 mg / kg B.W. Bromocriptine I.M. The fourth group also 5 goats G (D) = 120 – 130 days were used as control & given 2 ml distal water I.M. Results showed that 80% of G (A) aborted after 5.12 ± 1.74 days, 60% of G (B) aborted after 4.92 ± 1.15 days and 60% of G (C) aborted after 4.97 ± 1.15 days of injection. In addition all the aborted goats showed complications represented by retention of fetal membranes and subsequent uterine infection compared to controls which showed neither abortion nor complications.

A sero-epidemiological study was made of detection of toxoplasmosis between slaughter workers in Basrah abattoir city, southern Iraq. A total of (100) blood sample was collected with different ages between (20-50) years. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was found between (45-48%).

Many clinical studies have reported that fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects supporting the idea that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil are anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Sixty one-day old broiler chicks were used in this study to determine the effect of fish oil on humoral immunity. They were divided into 3 equal groups (A, B &C) and raised under the same conditions until the end of the study at 49 day of age. The birds were vaccinated 3 times against Newcastle disease, at the 7th day they were vaccinated with Hitchner B1 and at 21st day and 35th day with LaSota type vaccine. Group A was fed fish oil supplemented diet for 14 days before the 3rd vaccination, whereas group B was fed after vaccination. Group C was served as control. Serum samples have been collected at 49th day from all groups. Antibody titer was detected by HI test; 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive IgM and 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant IgG were also measured. Serum total protein, albumin and globulins were also estimated. Differential white blood cell count was performed to detect the number of heterophils and lymphocytes and their ratio. The results indicated that HI antibody titer was significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased in both group A and B. Two-mercaptoethanol-sensitive IgM and 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant IgG were also showed significant ( p< 0.05 ) increase of IgG in both groups. The present study was also revealed a significant (p< 0.05) increase of serum globulins of group A and B in comparison to that of control group. Heterophils and lymphocytes percentage of both treated groups (A and B) significantly higher than that of untreated control group. These results showed that 50 gm/kg of diet fish oil accelerates antibody production and maintain proper immune function in chickens fed after vaccination against Newcastle disease with LaSota type vaccine at 35th day of age.

Combination therapy of antibiotics can be used against multi drug resistant bacteria. In vitro investigation of two antibiotics combinations regimens were used against multi drug resistant local isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolated from chronic otitis media patients to determine the usability of combination therapy for the treatment. The first attempt of combination therapy regimen was tested for synergy between MIC of Rifampicin 4µg/ml with MICs of Tri-methoprim 50µg/ml, Cephlexin 50µg/ml, Tetracyclin 45µg/ml, Gentamicin 4µg/ml, and Erythromycin 40µg/ml, respectively in nutrient broth medium, the results yielded synergistic action in the combination therapy of Rifampicin and Erythromycin, confirmed spectrophotometrically. The second attempt of combination therapy examined against the same isolates on nutrient agar medium between MIC of Ciprofloxacin 20µg/ml and MICs of Rifampicin 4µg/ml, Gentamicin 4µg/ml, Streptomicin 4µg/ml, Tobramicin 3µg/ml respectively, the results were exhibited full synergistic bactericidal activity that took place for four combinations therapy with MIC of Ciprofloxacin in combination with the MICs of other antibiotics.