ABSTRACT Invegstigation of antibacterial activity of phenolic extract of Punica granatum Peel was carried out in this study on Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. The results exhibited variable susceptibilities of microorganisms for different concentration of phenolic extract. The activity of this extract was associated with high concentrations. Using plate method, phenolic extract of P.granatum had the highest effect and wide diameter of growth inhibition zone against Streptococcus sp.,and it has no effect on growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus only when very high concentration is used.

This study was conducted on 215 milk samples collected from apparently healthy lactating buffalo during the period from August 2012 to March 2013. Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were carried on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical properties. Antibiotics susceptibility of the isolated organisms were also done . Out of 215 milk samples examined 22 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus . Results of antibiotics sensitivity in this investigation showed that Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to kanamycin , azithromycin , gentamycin , vancomycin , nitrofurantoin , streptomycin and resistant to oxacillin and ampicillin.

This study was conducted to detect the effects of Selenium on some physiological and reproductive parameters in rats male, Twenty-four mature male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups; each group consists of eight males. First group was injected intrapretonially with 0.1 ml of normal saline for 30 consecutive days as control group, while second and third groups were intrapritonially injected with 0.1 ml of sodium Selenite at concentration (2,4 mg/kg body Wight ) of selenium for 30 days. The hematological and biochemical parameters including, red blood cells count(R.B.C), white blood cells count(W.B.C), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), package cell volume (P.C.V) , in addition to ALT and AST were performed after animals elimination . The concentration and percentage of normal and abnormal sperms were calculated after epididymis extraction. Statistical analysis reveals that significant differences (p≤0.05) in Red blood cells count, package cell volume, while WBCs count and liver enzymes ALT,AST show increase significant differences (p≤0.05) in comparison with control group . In concern with reproductive parameters, this study indicates there is significant differences in motility and activity of sperms of treated males, in comparison with control group

This study was designed to find out the effect of oral inoculation of aqueous extract of Curcuma Longa at two doses (1 and 5) mg/ kg body weight daily for 4 weeks on the immune response of Balb/c mice by estimating of serum concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) , interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) using ELISA test. The present results revealed that significant increase (p

The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics / College of Agriculture / University of Basra , from 1/5/2013 to 18/12/2013. The aim was to study the possibility of fertilization of Oocytes in vitro by sperm withdrawn from the epididymis . Reproductive tracts were brought from Basra slaughter house with a total of 410 samples. Withdrawing the sperm from the epididymis and oocytes from small follicles (less than 4 mm) and from large (more than or equal to 4 mm) .Rams aged (1.2 -2) years showed significant superiority (P

The present study revealed the prevalence and pathology of sheep brain(male and female). One handred brain samples were obtained randomly from Mosul animal slaughter house and butcher shops since October 2012 to August 2013 from animals with and without nervous signs. The main gross lesions were edema which accounted 53% of the cases, congestion 51% , hemorrhage 20% and 3% cyst of coenurous cerebralis. The major lesions were observed by histopathological examination of three different areas of the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata)in each case. Lesions include vascular change, neuronal degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory change, gliosis, neuronophagia, amyloid deposition. Three cases revealed the presence of the coenurous cerebralis and two cases were abscesses and one case showed the presence of Sarcocystis SPP.

The present study included determinationof fetal sex prenatal by analyzing free fetal DNA cells in maternal plasma by using dupplex PCR . At the first amplifying the DNA which extracted from male and non-pregnant female goat plasma which used as control to confirm the accuracy of this technique. After thatblood were collected from 5 pregnant females goat prepared the plasma and extract the DNA by using heat-based direct method for plasma and then investigate the sequences GAPDH and DYS14 through the use of dupplex polymerase chain reaction technique and the results were 2 (40%) males show a double bands one at 97 bp representing GAPDH and the second at 198 bp representing DYS14 and 3 (60%) females show a single band at 97 bp representing GAPDH. This technique of sexing is applied for the first time on animals especially in Iraq.

Fift y nine samples of feces were collected from broiler flocks farms located in Hama and Aleppo provinces of Syria, which suffered from diarrhea or respiratory problem or both. For the first time, this study confirmed the infection of the broiler flocks with Cryptosporidium in Syria with a rate of 8.4%. The infection has been demonstrated by detecting the Cryptosporidium oocysts in the fecal by using direct smear method and Formol-Ether concentration method, then stained by Kinyoun acid fast stain. The result of tests based on morphology and size of Cryptosporidium oocysts showed that the parasite is probably C. baileyi which ranged between (6 µm X 4 µm).

Morphologically,the testes of adult duck was suspended by mesorchium with the roof of the the abdominal cavity. The testes appear as elongated bean shaped and situated asymmetrically. The mean average of the testis was 1,48 cm in length, 0.47cm in width, and 1.54gm in weight. Histologically, each testis was covered by a connective tissue capsule.The stroma of the testis posses no mediastinum. Leydic cells were commonly found in groups within the connective tissue which filled the spaces between the seminiferous tubules. Germ cells and Sertoli cells constituent the main component of the seminiferous epithelium. There were type A-spermatogonia, type I-spermatogonia, and type B-spermatogonia. Type B-spermatogonia passes through proleptoten, leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakineses. The primary spermatocytes give rise to secondary spermatocytes. These latter cells enter the second meiotic division to form the spermatids which undergo through thirteenth stages to form the sperms.

Food safety issues and potential health risks in avian tissues are one of the most serious environmental concerns, this paper carries out probabilistic risk analysis methods to quantify trace elements bioaccumulation in chicken liver, gizzard, and lung content to assess the range of exposures for the people who consume the contaminated chicken. The concentrations of Al (aluminum), Mn (manganese), Cu (copper), Co (cobalt), and Zn (zinc) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), using the stock standard solution of heavy metals and blank sample. Results show the contents of elements in bird tissues samples were in the range of (18.68-62.24, 1.6-18.6, 0.12-0.61, 2.12-24.95, 35.10-93.85 µg/g for Al, Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn respectively. A risk assessment on human health beings due to consumption of chicken was performed using toxic reference benchmark, namely the reference dose (RfD). The hazard index (HI), sum of the hazard quotients calculated for all pollutants have shown that the risks of fowls consumption were generally low and are within safe limits.