The current study was conducted on extracted Azadirachtaindicaneem seeds oil using the ethanol, it was measured effectiveness inhibitory of neem seeds oil extraction in different concentrations of 0.001 and 0.003 unit/ml compared with commercial neem oil, known (Azadirachtin) concentration of 0.002 unit/ml on the Hayalomma Spp. The study was conducted on six calves were selected randomly with different ages ranging from 4-6 months in the veterinary clinic in Baghdad / Diyala bridge area. The animals were divided into three group with 2 animals each, namely control group that treated with 0.002 neem oil (Azadirachtin 3.000 ppm) and treatment groups 1 and 2 were treated with neem oil with concentration of 0.0001 and 0.0003 respectively. The parasitic infestation of Hayalomma Spp was confirmed in the laboratory diagnosis and the presence of ticks in addition to the clinical symptoms of infected calves.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of seeds oil of AzadirachtaIndica(Neem) on Hyalomma Spp eliminate on the Cows. Results showed high efficiency of neem oil concentration 0.003 unit/ml as an anti-ticks, where there was a decline of the number of parasites since of the first day to the fourth day of the treatment that showed the mean number of parasites isolated 18.0, 15.8, 3.5 and 0.0respectively, compared with concentration of 0.001 and control group with significantly reduced of the parasites number P< 0.004at 0.05. Also, the most important result showed that there was no side effects of the high concertation of 0.003 of neem oil to treat the infected animals. In conclusion, the concentration 0.003 of neem showed the best extraction to eliminate the parasites without effects of animals’health status.

The comparison toxico-epidemiological study designed to evaluate the Lead, Nickel and Cadmium levels in healthy sheep of different regions in Al Basrah province and compared with sheep from Animal Farm of Agriculture College /University of Basrah(as control group). Sixty three adult male sheep were tested for the study (6 animals for each region). Blood samples were collected from each ram, the Pb, Ni and Cd values were measured. AST, ALT and creatinine values were also determined. The results revealed to high increase levels of Cd, and Pb concentration among the different regions and compared with control rams values. There were no significant differences in the transaminase enzymes activity and creatinine concentration among the animals tested. In spite of the rise in trace minerals values but it did not threshold to harmful effect on rams’ body physiology.

Leishmania major glycoprotein 63 (lmajgp63) gene was used in this study as DNA vaccine candidates. Gene was inserted into VR1012 plasmid by using standard molecular biology protocols, resulting in preparation of lmajgp63/VR1012 plasmid. Vaccine either used as naked or gold particles coated DNA vaccine in immunization of females Balb/c mice. Animals were immunized at week 0, 2 weeks and 6 weeks. Dermojet needle free injector had been used to deliver gold particles coated DNA vaccine intradermally (I/D) while ordinary needle injection was used to deliver naked vaccine intramuscularly (I/M). Immune response for each vaccinated group were detected, two weeks after the third administration of the vaccines, by estimation of serum concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ, as well as anti-soluble Leismania antigen (anti-SLA) IgG titer, by ELISA test. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of DNA vaccines in induction immune response comparing to control groups (P

&nbsp;This study was conducted to elevated the ethanol and methanol of Salixa acmophyllaextraction on bacteria Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin wound of cattle, about100(66.66%)from 150 sample isolated , and made the biochemical test , also sensitivity ofantibiotic .The loaded antibiotic discs namely: gentamicin (CN-10 &micro;g), levofloxacin(LEV -5&micro;g), amoxicillin (Ax -25 &micro;g) , tetracycline (TE -30 &micro;g),vancomycin(30&micro;g),erythromycin (25&micro;g)and streptomycin(25 &micro;g) were placed on thesurface of the medium and left for 30 min at room temperature for complete diffusion. Theplates were incubated for 24 hrs. at 37&deg;C. also made antimicrobial against isolatedbacteria disk diffusion techniques , Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) with differentconcentration of plant extracts (25mg /ml ,50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg /mland 300, . Minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) by Macro-dilution broth method weredone . Anti-inflammation test albumin denaturation Maximum inhibition in case ofethanol extract about (65.25&plusmn;1.2 %) and in methanol extract about (58.135&plusmn;1.23) wasobserved at concentration 300 &micro;g/ml., Aspirin, a standard anti-inflammatory drug showedthe maximum inhibition ، (67.35&plusmn;0.56%) at the concentration of (100&micro;g/ml )&nbsp;

The Staphylococcus aureus responsible for intramammary infection in bovine andis the main etiological agent of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy herds. In thisstudy a total of 64 Staphylococcus aureus strain obtained from 112 samples from mastitiscow (57.14%). S. aureus strain were identified phenotypically and further characterizedgenotypically by polymerase chain reaction PCR. Amplification of genes encodingspecific species for S. aureus(Sau), clumping factor (ctfA), thermonuclease (Nuc) and thegene segment encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region of protein A gene spa. Theamplification of Sau gene produce amplicon in a molecular size proximally 530bp in allstrain, the produce amplicon in a molecular size proximally size 980 bp in ctfA gene(73.43%) andImmunoglobulin G binding region of spa gene produce amplicon in a sizeproximally 950 bp was observed in 43 and 3 strain amplicon in a size proximally 390 bp(71.87%). The thermonuclease gene the amplicon in a size proximally 279 bp with(90.62%). After that methicillin resistance (MRSA) were detected in a percentage(21.87%), all of these strain of MRSA contain all virulence genes.

This study was conducted at Ramin agricultural and natural resources university inKhuzestan of Iran in 2012 to 2013. In order to estimate the (co) variance components andgenetic parameters of growth traits in Zandi sheep, It was used a total of 6188 records of birthweight (BW), 5170 records of weaning weight(WW), 2994 records of 6 month weight(6MW), 2283 records of 9 month weight(9 MW) respectively which collected in the Khajiranimal breeding station from Tehran city during 1994-2010. The SAS statistical software wasused to determine the environmental factors that affect these traits and MTGSAM softwarewas used to determine genetic parameters of growth traits under Bayesian method.Environmental factors include year of birth, lamb sex, type of birth and age of dam had asignificant difference on all traits. It is entered the age of animal in to the model as covariateduring the weigh. It is estimated the heritability and variance components of each trait withBayesian method under the uni-trait animal model. By including or ignoring maternal geneticeffector or common environmental effects due to dam to direct additive genetic effects ofanimal, six different model of analysis were fitted into each trait. To find the best model foreach trait, it was considered the minimum residual variance. Mean and standard deviation ofBW, WW,6MW and 9 MW were 4.24&plusmn;0.72, 21.48&plusmn;3.79, 30.98&plusmn;4.7, 32.8&plusmn;4.53 respectively.Results showed that for BW, model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternaladditive genetic effects and maternal permanent environmental effects without consideringthe covariance between them. For WW, model was included direct additive genetic effects,&nbsp; maternal additive genetic effects with considering the covariance between them. For 6 MW,model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive genetic effects andmaternal permanent environmental effects with considering the covariance between them.For 9 MW, model was included direct additive genetic effects, maternal additive geneticeffects and maternal permanent environmental effects without considering the covariancebetween them. The direct estimated heritability of BW,WW, 6MW with the best model were0.124, 0.169, 0.258 and 0.163 respectively.

The Alpha- hemolysin, produced by Proteus mirabilis PMBS41 grown in a chemical definedmedium was purified 9.77 fold with a yield (14.90 %) . Alpha-hemolysin was estimate themolecular weight which was shown to be 88,750KD by using gel filtration chromatography usingSepharose -6B and 109.64 KD by using SDS-electrophoresis and exhibited an optimum temperatureof 35 and 40&deg;C, and pH optimas at 8.0. Whereas hemolysin reserve a full of its activity at a pH 8and a temperature at 25&deg; - 30&deg;C.Molecular dectection was done by using specific primer to eachHpmA and HpmB genes that encode for Hemolysin as a virulence factor of proteus mirabilis byusing MPCR and electrophoresis technique.The PCR assay results identified (53) isolate possessed hpmA and hpmB genes of the proteusmirabilis bacteria diagnosed , This explains the blood analysis of all pathogenic bacterial isolates butwith different ratio and the importance of PCR in detection of virulence of proteus mirabilis inclinical urine samples of urinary tract infection (UTI) .

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains have been divided into three groups: virulent(velogenic), moderately virulent (mesogenic), and non-virulent strains (lentogenic). The nonvirulentvirus strain (LaSota strain) has been used as a live vaccine, which gives good immunityagainst the virulent strains. The aim of the study was to grow and propagate Newcastle diseasevirus in the lab, determination ofcytopathic effects in chicken embryos, and confirmation ofvirus growth by hemagglutination test. Non-virulent strain (LaSota strain)represented by livevaccine was used for this purpose. Embryonated eggs were inoculated with the virus andincubated for 48 hours; and theallantoic fluids were then collected for further processing.Petichial hemorrhages were clearly observed in the embryos following infection while in theun-inoculated eggs; the embryos appeared normal and did not show any lesions. For furthervirus growth confirmation, the presence of virus in the allantoic fluid was determined byhemagglutiation test. This finding is considered as a starting point for Newastle disease virusantigen preparation, which is essential for the applications of several laboratory techniques.

The intent of this study were to explain the gross anatomical study of the bones of the camelfeet (Forelimb and Hindlimb) from under the carpal and tarsal joints by using traditional techniquesfor gross anatomical preparation of bones (using 6 pairs of forelimb and hindlimb). The camel ischaracterized by two contrary adaptive factors, firstly, its camel leg must be long and skinny forprotective from hot desert environment, and secondly, the leg must be strong enough to a bear theheavy weight of the camel body and to prevent sinking in the sands of the desert. The camel leghave these two factors (elongation &amp; slimness) and at the same time the strength stemming from ofseveral structural adaptations such as the abundance of fatty-elastic (digital cushions) inside thefoot, the length of the metacarpal and metatarsal and the horizontal positioning of phalanges. Theresults showed that the large metacarpal and metatarsal bones are characterized by the fusion of 3rdand 4th metacarpal and metatarsal bones on the entire length of the bone except at the distal endwhich happens a divergence of bone from each other larger than the rest of the animals to distributethe weight of the camel on a larger area, metatarsal bone resemble the metacarpal with theexception of the metatarsal being smaller and has more cylindrical body, the bones of the phalangesare longest when compared to other animals, the proximal phalanx of camel was characterized byits elongation when compared with ruminants, the length of the middle phalanx reach to almost halfthe length of the proximal phalanx while the distal phalanx was considered the smallest of the threephalanges and has the wedge shape, the number of sesamoid bones in the camels were differentfrom other animals in the absence of the distal sesamoid bone in order to allow free movement ofthe foot.

Samples of the snails were collected from site in Al-Rasheed distract (30 km) southern ofBaghdad. Isolation, identification and acclimatization to laboratory circumstances made within thelaboratory. Several toxic parameters as NOEL, Threshold, different values of ED and LD weredetermined in this study. The ED50 of S. officinalis and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (8.8and0.04g/L) respectively. The LD50 of S. officinalis and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (20and 2.2 g/L) respectively.The study showed that the extracts of S. officinalis were less effectivethan CuSO4. The results improved that the toxicity of extracts was dose and time dependent. Thepresent work concluded to ability to use the target extracts in control of snails the middle host ofurinary Schistosomiasis.