A six years old Jersey crossbred cow was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur district with the history of jowl edema and voiding foul smelling diarrhoea for a month. On clinical examination of the cow, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, jowl edema, moist muzzle and watery malodorous diarrhoea, body temperature 38.4 0C, heart rate - 64 bpm, respiratory rate - 28 bpm were found. Ultrasonography of liver parenchyma showed hyperechoic small areas of hepatic parenchyma with dilated hepatic vein, portal vein and caudal vena-cava and gall bladder showed distension with presence of hyperechoic sediments. On cholecystocentesis under ultrasound guidance with 20 Gauge 1.5” needle at right costochondral junction at 9th intercostal space, collected bile sample revealed Fasciola gigantica eggs. Faecal examination revealed eggs of both Paramphistomes and Fasciola gigantica. Measurement of eggs of parasites was carried by micrometry which confirmed 151 x 72 μm size Amphistome eggs in feces and 162 x 91 μm size Fasciola gigantica eggs in both bile and fecal samples. The cow was treated with oxyclozanide @ 18mg/kg body weight orally and supportive therapy. Good improvement was noticed in the health status of the animal after treatment. Further examination of faecal samples from that animal did not show any parasite eggs on 15th, 30th and 45th day after treatment. In this study, ultrasonography of liver and gall bladder combined with faecal examination was helpful in detection of concurrent paramphistomosis and fasciolosis. The present case seems to be the first report of mixed infection of Fasciola sp and paramphistome in cattle from the Cauvery Delta region of Tamil Nadu.

Semen production performance data of 88 buffalo and 179 cattle bulls of different breeds from 1975 to 2018, were collected from two frozen semen stations of BAIF Research Development Foundation. The objective of the present study was to document the lifetime semen producing performance of cattle and buffalo bulls. Traits studied were lifetime frozen semen production doses (LFSP),lifetime production period (LPP),age at first semen production (AFSP) and age at last semen production (ALSP). The factors tested for influence on these traits were breed, period and season of birth. Overall means of AFSP, ALSP, LPP and LFSP were 1859.6, 4257.2, 2581.7 days and 183631.9 semen doses in buffalo bulls, while 1386.7, 4029.4, 2076.16 days and 264566.3 semen doses in cattle bulls. Production performance for results obtained for various breeds could be useful in devising important culling and disposal policies for AI centres in the country.

Twining incidence is influenced by a wide variety of genetic and environmental factors ranging from 0.5 to 4%. This case report places on record the successful management of dystocia due to dizygotic twins in a pluriparous cross-breed cow of four and a half year of age in her third parity. Both fetuses were non identical and had separate placenta which suggest ‘Dizygotic twins’.

Colour bait preferences of Musca domestica (house fly) was evaluated in a dodecagon maze. Flies collected from a poultry unit maintained in an in sectary were used for the study. An acrylic dodecagon maze was fabricated with dimensions 30 cm L x 25.5 cm B x 26 cm H with a lid. Twelve chambers were colour coded with red, black, blue, green, yellow and white in duplicate. House flies were swiftly released into the central chamber of dodecagon maze in batches, lid closed, observed for 30 min. Out of the total 718 house flies evaluated, 81.05 per cent (582 flies) responded to different colours whereas 5.01 per cent (36 flies) were non responders. Out of the 582 house flies responded to different colours, 30.41 per cent (177 flies), 21.99 per cent (128 flies), 16.32 per cent (95 flies), 14.43 per cent (84 flies), 10.48 per cent (61 flies) and 6.35 per cent (37 flies) preferred red, black, green, yellow, blue and white colours, respectively. Preference of house flies towards different colours compared to white was found to be highly significant statistically. Findings of the present study indicate that red being the most preferred colour, it can be used in house fly traps.

The livestock sector has a good growth potential. One of the major challenges is huge shortage of fodder, more so during drought situations and in summer. As part of fodder security policy, government of Andhra Pradesh has started Ooruraa Pasu Graasa Kshetralu (OPGK) scheme. It is felt necessary to study the influencing factors for adoption and hence the study entitled “Correlation of adoption of OPGK scheme with socio-profile characteristics of dairy farmers in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh” was undertaken. Respondents from each of the six mandal’s of Srikakulam district formed a sample size of 120 farmers.. Correlation coefficient (r) computed showed that, age, socio-economic status, social participation, innovativeness, mass media exposure, extension contact, economic orientation, achievement motivation and risk orientation were the influencing factors for adoption of OPGK scheme.

Glyphosate is an organophosphorus herbicide widely used in agricultural practices. The present study was conducted to find out the protective effect of P. amarus aqueous extract against hematobiochemical alterations caused by glyphosate toxicity in Wistar rats. About 60 Wistar rats were randomly (n=12) divided into five groups: Group 1 (Control group), Group 2 (Glyphosate (GLP)-500 mg/kg),Group 3 (Phyllanthus amarus (PA)-100 mg/kg aqueous extract), Group4 (Glyphosate 500 mg/kg +Phyllanthus amarus 100 mg/kg aqueous extract-GLP +PA prophylactic) and Group 5 (Glyphosate 500 mg/kg (Upto 9 days) + Phyllanthus amarus 100 mg/kg aqueous extract-GLP+PA therapeutic (10th to 28th day)}. Haematological parameters, liver specific enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), kidney function tests (BUN and creatinine), serum electrolyte and minerals were studied in glyphosate induced toxicity. Phyllanthus amarus extract (Prophylactic and Therapeutic) showed highly significant reduction ((P<0.01) in the Haemoglobin, PCV and TEC compared with glyphosate group. Numerical reduction in the values of ALT, AST and ALP in the treatment groups compared with glyphosate group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in the values of BUN and creatinine observed in treatment groups compared with glyphosate group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in the value of sodium observed in treatment groups compared with glyphosate group.The results indicated that P.amarus had partially protective effect on haematobiochemical changes caused by glyphosate toxicity in Wistar rats.

The study was undertaken to ascertain the present status of adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge like complete adoption, partial adoption, discontinuance and rejection and its perceived attributes like relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and trialability using the schedule developed for this purpose and its economic impact. Partial budgeting was done to assess the economic impact of adopting progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge. Farmers were aware about the progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge through the constituent units of TANUVAS like veterinary colleges, KVKs and VUTRCs (84%); veterinary officers (47%); extension workers (46%); friends and relatives (34%). Majority (80%) of the respondents reported to have completely adopted the innovation for treating infertility while the remaining (20%) had discontinued it. Majority of the dairy farmers (78%) were in the medium level of adoption behaviour about the innovation followed by low (12%) and high (10%) level. Most of the dairy farmers perceived that progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge was cheaper in price, exorbitantly profitable, time saving, situationally and culturally feasible, physically compatible, trialable, adoptable and the results are observable. Partial budgeting analysis revealed that net income of the dairy farmers was increased by Rs. 28,041.90 per dairy animal due to the adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge in their infertile dairy animals. The present status of adoption of innovation by farmers was positively correlated with land holding and dairy animal possession and change in net income at 1% level, while their adoption behaviour was positively correlated with education and change in net income at 1% level and with land holding and extension agency at 5% level of significance.

Pre and postpartum genital prolapse pose a threat to buffalo farmers and incur a financial loss in terms of milk loss and treatment costs. Effective clinical management warranted to treat the genital prolapse in field condition. In this context the present study was carried out to compare different therapeutic regimens for the management of genital prolapse in graded Murrah buffaloes. Buffaloe heifers (n=6) and She buffaloes (n=14) with a history of straining, discomfort, protruded posterior vagina and cervix through vulval lips were diagnosed with pre and postpartum genital prolapse. Depending on the severity of the prolapsed mass, either with or without oedema, different treatment modalities (finely powdered sugar, POP IN spray®, ice cubes, and herbal PROLAPSE IN powder®) were tested and were found to be effective without any complications.

The transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that is sexually transmitted between dogs. TVT lesions affect the mucus membranes of the external genitalia in dogs of both sexes. Tumour masses are seen in the caudal aspect of the penis and frequently the prepuce area in males and the posterior vaginal area, particularly the vestibule vaginal junction of females. Sixteen bitches of various ages (2-6 years) and breeds were brought to the clinics at Veterinary Clinical Complex, Gannavaram with the history of continuous oozing of blood from vagina, anorexia and depression. All these were diagnosed as TVT based on the history, clinical symptoms and cytological examination and therapy was initiated. At weekly intervals, all the bitches were administered with combination therapy of Vincristine sulphate (0.025 mg/kg body weight, strict and slow I/V) and Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg body weight, strict S/C) for four consecutive weeks. All of the bitches underwent significant reduction in tumour size with improvement in general health during the course of therapy with exception that one bitch showed signs of anorexia and dullness.

Prosthogonimiasis is one of the most pathogenic neglected fluke infections affecting bursa Fabricii, oviduct and cloaca of poultry, reared in free ranging systems especially low intensity farming in rural areas. A farmer from Orathanadu brought a dead, ten months old hen with enlarged bursa Fabricii. A yellowish caseous mass of about 5 gm weight was present in the bursa Fabricii on the cut section. Microscopical examination of impression smears from caseous mass revealed a large number of ova of Prosthogonimus spp. Histopathologically, bursa Fabricii revealed proliferation of interfollicular fibrous tissue. Few follicles had turned into cyst like structures that contained irregular blue calcified material. Lymphoid depletion was seen in most of the follicles. This is the first report of Prosthogonimiasis in native chicken from Tamil Nadu.