Infectious diseases account for nearly 40% of the burden of human mortality and morbidity in low-income countries, of which 7% is attributable to zoonoses and 13% to recently emerging diseases from animals. One of the strategic approaches for effective surveillance, monitoring and control of infectious diseases compromising health in both humans and animals could be through a combination of multiple disciplines. The approach can be achieved through a joint effort from stakeholders comprising health professionals (medical and veterinary), social, economic, agricultural, environmental and other interested parties. With resource scarcity in terms of number of staff, skills and facility in low-income countries, participatory multi- sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches in limiting the burden of zoonotic diseases could be worthwhile. We review challenging issues that may limit the ‘One Health’ approach for infectious diseases surveillance in Tanzania with a focus on Health Policy and how best the human and animal health systems could be complemented or linked to suit the community in need for disease control under the theme’s context.

Present study were carried out on ten adult males of coot bird, for determinate the histological structure of kidneys. The results were showed that each kidney consisted of three parts, a large cranial (mean of its length 28±0.15mm and its width13±0.08mm),a small caudal (mean of its length 13±0.07mm and its width 4±0.08mm) and a middle part (mean of its length30±0.08mm and its width7.5±0.10mm ) . Histological results were showed that the kidneys consisted of cortex and medulla, the cortex made up the majority of the kidney and composed of large and small renal corpucles,each renal corpuscle consisted of Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus .The proximal convoluted tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium .The distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The macula densa was situated at vascular pole of glomerulus in close to distal convoluted tubules. Medulla of kidney was composed of thin and thick segment of henles loop and collecting ducts and these structures were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium. The collecting ducts continued to form the papillary ducts which lined by simple columnar epithelium. Key words: kidneys, coot bird, nephrons ,glomerulus ,histological.

The present study was carried out on 500 of small ruminants ( sheep and goats ) to determine the prevalence of Coxielosis in small ruminants in AL-Qassim city by using ELISA test . The results showed 16% of small ruminants in AL-Qassim city were seropositive to coxiellosis . Infection in sheep ( 19.4% ) was higher than in goat (8% ) .The persent studywas concluded that coxiellosis did not affected by sex and age of examined animals.

This study was conducted to detect the intestinal coccidial types in87Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica)the birds were purchased from different parts of Nenevah governorate. The current study reveals that the total percentage of infection with Eimeria spp.oocysts 49.4%. Three species were diagnosed,according to their percentage they are:E.tsunodai 44.8%,E. uzura 34.5%,E. bateri 24.1%. The higher rates were in young birds. There was no significant difference with respect to sex. The results showed the higher infection rate and intensity was recorded in caecum infection with three species of Eimeria was most frequent in Japanese quails with percentage 46.5%. Macroscopical lesions of infected birds revealed thatsoftening of feces,thickening of mucosa and hemorrhagein caecum. Microscopically lesions characterized by sever hyperplasia of epithelial cell with construction of intestinal gland cavities in small intestine, caecum and presence of odema between muscle fibers with different development epithelial cells and infiltration with inflammatory cells. This study is regarded the first study in detection of species and pathological effect of Eimeriain Japanese quails in Nenevah governorate.

The histological structure and statistical of the salt glands were investigated in some domesticated and wild marine birds. Both species have a well-developed bilateral salt glands lie under the skin in the supraorbital depression of the frontal bone. The salt glands consist of many concentric polygonal lobes arranged in rows and separated by richly vascularized interlobular connective tissue. Each lobe is made up of branched secretory tubules lining with single layer of radialy arranged cuboidal cells from a central canal and meshed with connective tissue enriched of blood capillaries. The duct system of each lobe opens into the central canal that drain in a main duct leads to the anterior of the nasal cavity. The measurements of the epithelium heights in the domestic pekin duck were significantly lower than the other birds subjected in the present study

Fifteen rabbits were used in present study, all rabbits were infected with septic arthritis experimentally by injection Staphylococcus aurous (108 diluted) in knee joint. Animals were divided into three groups, 1st group which was treated with static magnatic field 350 gaus/daily; 2nd group was treated with penicillin- streptomycin (antibiotics) and dexamethazone (anti inflammatory drug) daily and 3rd group was control group which leaved without treatment. After seven days, 1st and 2nd groups were not different in radiographic image and there were no degenerative change in the articular surface of the joints, but in control group we found degenerative change in the aticular surface. In total white blood cell count of the synovial fluid, there were no significant change in 1st and 2nd group because of normal synovial fluid were founded in 1st and 2nd groups but in control the synovial fluid is turbid and containing high number of white blood cells. In conclusion both treatments (the magnetic field therapy and antibiotics and anti inflammatory treatment) were efficient and statically significant, so we can use the magnetic therapy as replacement to treat septic arthritis

The study was included isolation of ticks from ear, tail and udder of 60 sheep began from February to April (2012), The tick samples wereidentificationand assign to typeHyalomma sppdepended on diagnostic characters whichincluded: being festoons or none, legs appeared like banded andShape of spiracle like long coma in male,triangularshape in femalewith haslike tail inside at the end . Theblood were taken from its and were growing onMaConkeyand Eosin methylene blue agars,thebacterial colonies were growing inEosine methylene blue agarwas Escherichia coliwhich is appear as green metallic sheen, However thecoloniesonMaConkey agar wasopaque, pink in color and mucus in natural which refer tobacteria Klebseilla pneumonia, The number and percentage positiveof infectionby these bacteria was 8(13%) forEscherichia Coliand 3(5%) for Klebseilla pneumonia.

The study covered a diagnosis for detection of microfliaria in 90 blood samples obtained from quail birds. The results recorded that total infestion rate was (15.6%). Three species of microfliaria have been diagnosed in quail. Form A of detected larvae measured 106 – 125 μm in length and 2.5 –3.0 μm in width, while form B measured 97–145.4 μm in length and 4.0 – 6.0 μm in width , finally form C dimensions measured 120–150 μm and 4.5 – 5.0 μm in width respectively. Knott technique detected most positive cases with higher sensitivity rate 85.7%, than other techniques used in the study. The rate of infection recorded in adult birds 14.5% was little higher than it in young birds 10.7% with no significant statitiscal defferences between males and females. The study showed appearance of 7.7% of mixed infections of microfliaria with Aegyptianella spp. and 4.4% with plasmodium spp. Finally the study pointed that microfliaria appeared with high percentage in circulating blood than peripheral blood of 40 quail birds, as15% and 10%in circulating and peripheral blood respectively.

Study included Basrah provinces ( Fao, Abo-alkhaseib , Shatt –Al-arab, Alzubair , Deir ,Hartha,Alqurna,Almudaina,and center of Basrah)2004-2009.3453 cases ,(217 goats,80 dogs,40 baffalo,658cattle,2432 sheep, 15 horses,1 camel)were diagnosed with OWS. Lesions of myaisis were included ( cutaneous ,uterine, ear, eyes, oral cavity, udder and foot). Myaisis in dogs and buffalos with OWS because of ticks bites or FMD disease lesion. Suitable environment temperatures (30 C) (0 – 60 c). Although humidity (56%)( 22-90 %) as well as wind speed (5,25 m/Se)( 3,8-6,7 m/Se). This study improve that OWS survive in high temperatures ( 30 - 60 C) and low temperature (0 C)and infected all type in different types of animals with different cases of myiasis .Eradication of myaisis in last of that study be sure with use technique new method by vertical and horizontal spray of insecticides material with local treatment take good results healing in short time. No case detected from 2007-2009 with this technique