Synbiotics are synergistic combinations of prebiotics and probiotics. This study was aimed to design synbiotic in vitro and validate them in broiler chickens upon in vivo delivery. Based on the in vitro assays and extracellular assays for estimation of the antioxidant potential, a scoring system was evaluated to screen the probiotic isolated with maximum antioxidant potential.  A consortium of probiotic bacteria was formulated based on the scoring system that comprised E. hirae-2, E. faecium-2, E. fecalis-1, E. durans, and P. acidilactici. The probiotic inoculum was scaled up in a fifty-liter pilot scale fermenter supplemented with MRS broth under optimum growth conditions. The product was then spray-dried in a low-temperature spray drier. The lyophilized product was stored at room temperature for further use. Two hundred and forty day sold broiler chicks (Vencobb) were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (prebiotic alone, probiotic alone, symbiotic, and commercial probiotic and control treatments) on the basis of body weight in a randomized complete block design. Dietary supplementation of probiotics significantly enhanced growth performance by improving body weight gain, performance index, and protein efficiency ratio. Growth performance and nutrient retention of the Lactiflora-supplemented group was significantly better than that of the control and Provisacc-supplemented group but comparable to the combination group. It was concluded that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation at the rate of 0.05% each is beneficial in improving body weight gain, growth performance, nutrient utilization, and immune response of broiler chicken.

  Lungworms are found to be a serious problem in pigs by causing severe infections.  The  worms  were  collected  during  post  mortem  from  a  6  year  old male, non – descriptive pig at Periyeri hamlet of Thurinjikuppam, Polur taluk, Thiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu which was raised and hand fed as a single animal and had access to the agricultural field. On post mortem examination, the trachea was severely congested and occluded with pus and the lungs were congested in which the lung worms wriggled out with pus while sectioning the lungs. The worms were morphologically identified as Metastrongylus sp.in a non-descriptive pig in Tamil Nadu.

A one year old, female, Persian cat, weighing about 4kg was presented to Veterinary College Hospital, Hassan with a history of swollen upper lip and presence of ulcers since one week. The cat was not showing any signs of pruritus and was taking food normally. Physical examination revealed swollen upper lip. Impression smear of ulcerative lesion revealed presence of predominant number of eosinophils, ruptured eosinophils leaving naked nuclei, eosinophilic granules in background and infiltration of neutrophils in some areas. Based on history, clinical signs and cytology, the case was diagnosed as eosinophilic ulcer (indolent ulcer). The animal was managed successfully with glucocorticoids and antibiotics.  

Cervico-vaginal prolapse is a common complication in pluriparous cows and buffaloes due to relaxation of pelvic ligaments in mid to late gestation. Successful management of mishandled cases of post-partum vagino-cervical prolapse by quacks is reported in the present study.

Vaginal hyperplasia is a common reproductive disorder in intact female dogs, primarily occurring during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle due to elevated estrogen levels. This case report describes the successful surgical management of Type III vaginal hyperplasia in a nulliparous, one-year-eight-month- old Labrador Retriever, kept for breeding purposes. The dog was presented with a protruding vaginal mass and stranguria for 12 days. Clinical examination revealed a hyperemic, edematous, and ulcerated doughnut-shaped mass protruding from the vulvar rim. Hematological findings showed a mild leukocytosis, and vaginal cytology confirmed the late estrus stage. Given the need to preserve reproductive function, radical excision of the prolapsed vaginal mass was performed under general anesthesia, avoiding ovariohysterectomy. Postoperative care included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, wound management, and the use of an elizabethan collar. The patient exhibited an uneventful recovery, with normal urination restored the day after surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed vaginal hyperplasia without evidence of malignancy. The dog successfully conceived following estrus 25 weeks post-surgery, demonstrating the efficacy of surgical excision in maintaining reproductive potential. This case emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies in breeding animals, ensuring both reproductive preservation and clinical resolution of vaginal hyperplasia.

A biological trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate (GPEGR) supplementation on the production performance in broiler chicken. A total of two hundred day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments  containing forty birds in each  group with five replicates in each treatment group and thus constituting  eight birds per replicate . The control group (C) received basal diet, T1 group received the basal diet and GPEGR, while the T2, T3, and T4 groups received GPEGR-supplemented diets with graded reductions in energy density by 20, 40, and 60 kcal/kg, respectively. All the birds were maintained under uniform and standard managemental conditions with  access to ad-libitum feed and water. The study found that the final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) in the T1 group (1804.99 g and 50.21 g, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control group (1662.80 g and 46.16 g, respectively). While the energy reduced diets (T2, T3, T4) supplemented with GPEGR did not show significant improvements in body weight and ADG compared to the control. The cumulative and average daily feed as well as the feed conversion ratio (FCR), showed no significant (P>0.05) differences among the groups. It can be concluded that the feeding of GPEGR supplemented diet containing 3000 Kcal per kg enhanced the growth rate  in broiler chicken 

A six-month-old pregnant female grey rabbit was presented to the outpatient unit of Madras Veterinary College, with a history of discharge from the vagina, dullness, inappetence and owner was not aware of the mating details. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, pain on palpation, skin turgor for more than 2 seconds, with a dull woebegone appearance. On abdominal palpation, there was a hard mass suggestive of pregnancy. There were moderate purulent secretions from the vagina. The temperature was within normal range. The ultrasonographic assessment revealed pregnancy with visualization of fetal bones. However, none of the fetus had heartbeat and no clear visualization of fetal organs. However, fetal bones like skull and ribs were visualized. Ultrasonographic assessment revealed a bi-parietal diameter of 11.43 mm in a few fetus and which was tentatively diagnosed at approximately 19-20 days of pregnancy. Emergency surgery was performed, a hysterectomy was done and fetal contents were collected in sterile swabs were sent for microbial testing.  

A Kankrej cow was presented to the Large Animal Obstetrical Unit of the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Theni, with a history of foul-smelling vaginal discharge persisting for past one month and the cow had been previously treated for fetal maceration six months earlier during gestation. Per-vaginal examination revealed that the external os of the cervix was dilated to one finger width, with mucoid, foul-smelling discharge and per rectal examination revealed a hard mass in left uterine horn. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of hyperechoic mass in the left uterine horn. Based on the case history, rectal examination and ultrasound findings, the case was diagnosed as foetal bone remnants due to incomplete evacuation of macerated foetus. Despite administering prostaglandin (500 µg IM) to induce cervical dilation, the cervix did not sufficiently dilate. Therefore, laparo-hysterotomy was planned to remove the foetal bone remnants under local and paravertebral nerve block using 2 per cent lignocaine hydrochloride. Post-operative care included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and supportive therapy for five days along with wound management. The cow had an uneventful recovery, with complete wound healing. Skin sutures were removed 14 days post-operation. The cow exhibited normal estrous cycle after a month of surgery. 

Shrikhand is a traditional fermented dairy product with added nutritional profile. The present study encompasses on analyzing the functional properties viz. phenolic content, antioxidant activity, microbial quality and calorific value of functional shrikhand incorporated with orange fruit peel extract. The statistical analysis inferred that extracts of orange contained phenolic content in the range of 7.78±0.36 to 16.25±0.94 mg/g during storage. The ethanol extracts incorporated functional shrikhand presented higher antioxidant activity (17.74 to 34.25%) than that of aqueous extracts (14.35 to 33.64%) of orange peel. On further comparison, the dried fruit peel extracts offered more TPC and antioxidant activity (16.25±0.94 to 10.85±0.21 and 34.25±0.05 to 22.80±0.31%) than fresh fruit peel extracts (15.85±0.39 to 7.78±0.36 and 28.58±0.15 to 14.35±1.09) respectively. The orange fruit peel incorporated functional shrikhand can be stored up to 15 days at 5°C without affecting the overall sensory acceptability with enhanced antioxidant activity and total phenolic content and it could be used as dairy supplement in human diet.

A clinical case of feline scabies was recorded in an eleven month old male cat. With thick yellow crusty erythematous lesions and alopecia on the head and ears, the skin scrapings revealed positive for Notoedres cati mite. Treatment with two doses of Ivermectin at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight given by subcutaneous route biweekly for a month along with supportive therapy resulted in major improvement in the condition.