Breeding records of 40 white rhinoceros and 155 Cape buffalo were analysed. Three rhinoceros cows bred in captivity, themselves conceived for the first time at 84, 87 and 95 months of age, respectively. Rhinoceros cows breed throughout the year. There is no evidence of a relationship between calving interval and month of birth. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 34 months and there were no significant differences between bulls, cows or sex of calf. There was no difference in the sex ratio of calves born to young cows nor older cows. The male:female ratio of the calves was Younger cows did not have shorter birth intervals. Although captive Cape buffaloes breed throughout the year, there is a preponderance of births in midsummer. There was some evidence that larger cows produce heavier calves and that season of birth may influence birth weight. Male calves weighed 41.20 + 0.68 kg vs 39.00 + 0.73 kg (range 24-60 kg) for female calves but this difference was not significant. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 395 days and the male:female ratio of the calves was 1:1.2.

Objective-To assess gait abnormalities associated with selective anesthesia of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) achieved by use of perineural catheterization and thereby determine the function of that nerve as it relates to gait in horses. Animals-3 adult horses with no preexisting clinically apparent lameness at a walk. Procedure-Each horse was anesthetized; the right SSN was exposed surgically for placement of a perineural catheter to permit delivery of 1 mL of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride. Six hours after recovery from anesthesia, each horse was videotaped while walking (50-step data acquisition period) before and after administration of mepivacaine. Videotapes were reviewed and the proportion of abnormal steps before and after selective SSN anesthesia was assessed. A step was considered abnormal if a marked amount of scapulohumeral joint instability (ie, lateral luxation of the proximal portion of the humerus) was observed during the weight-bearing phase of the stride. Results-Clinically apparent gait dysfunction was detected in all 3 horses following perineural administration of the local anesthetic agent. Anesthesia of the SSN resulted in scapulohumeral joint instability as evidenced by consistent lateral excursion of the shoulder region during the weight-bearing phase of gait at a walk. The proportion of abnormal steps before and after SSN anesthesia was significantly different in all 3 horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-These data support the role of the SSN in shoulder joint stability in horses and define SSN dysfunction as 1 mechanism by which the syndrome and gait dysfunction clinically referred to as sweeny may develop.

Objective-To evaluate whether additive genetic correlations existed between certain aspects of the radiographic appearance of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bones (RNB) or between RNB and other types of radiographic changes in the limbs of Hanoverian Warmblood horses. Animals-5,157 horses. Procedures-Quasi-linear and binary traits were defined by the appearance of canales sesamoidales (CSs) and the structure and contour of the forelimb navicular bones (NBs). Prevalences of osseous fragments in the metacarphophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) and tarsocrural joints and deforming arthropathy in tarsal joints were analyzed as binary traits. Genetic parameters were estimated by use of multivariate linear models. Results-Heritability estimates for the RNB traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.34. Additive genetic correlations among those traits were usually close to unity. Extensive radiographic changes in the NBs, including changes in CSs and alterations in structure and contour, had correlations with less distinct radiographic changes. Negative additive genetic correlations were observed between small numbers of short and conical CSs in the central portion of the distal border of the NB and osseous fragments and arthropathy, and between most types of radiographic findings in the NBs and osseous fragments in tarsal joints. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The genetic bases for different types of RNB were not identical. The detection of correlations between normal RNB and findings of short and conical CSs versus deformed CSs and structural and contour changes warrants further study. Genetically justified distinction between physiologic and pathologic NB changes will increase the efficiency of selecting against NBs with radiographically apparent alterations.

This study was aimed to obtain the anatomical information on the location of ostia of left and right coronary artery in 3 weeks old and 6 months old hybrid swine. The each intercommissural distance of 6 months group was twice than 3 weeks old group. The largest sinus was right aortic sinus followed by left and posterior sinus. All left coronary artery ostia in left aortic sinus were located near the right aortic sinus as well as lower than the ostia of right one.

An 8-month-old 3.15 kg female Cocker-spaniel with history of ataxia referred to the Veterianary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University. There were no abnormalities in CBC and serum chemical analysis. Agenesis of dens was found on dorsoventral view in cervical radiography. Compressed cervical spinal cord and enlarged cerebral ventricle were observed in magnetic resonance imaging. It was diagnosed as atlantoaxial instability with hydrocephalus.

A 7-month-old female Shih-tzu dog was presented with intermittent trembling, dyspnea, generalized muscle weakness, and unconsciousness after exercise. No remarkable findings were shown in the complete blood counts and the radiographic examination. On serum biochemical profiles, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were mildly elevated. Based on history takings, physical examination, and neurological findings, presumptive diagnosis was made as a myasthenia gravis (MG).

A 7-year-old, female ponter dog was referred to the SNU Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for the evaluation of lameness in the pelvic limb of 10 days' duration. After the treatment for 2 weeks (carprofen 2.2 mg/kg, bid), the progressive, symmetric, ambulatory caudal paraparesis was profound. In the spinal myelography, left lateral extradural compression of the spinal cord over the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebral bodies was found. A left hemilaminectomy of the ninth and tenth thoracic vertebrae was done.

A 1-year and 6-month-old, intact male, Shit-tzu dog was referred to the Konkuk University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, due to ascite, melena, severe anemia, and polyuria/polydipsia. Complete blood count showed moderate leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and microcytic hypochromic nonregenerative anemia. On serum biochemistry profiles, hypoalbuminema and hypoproteinemia were observed, and proteinuria was detected on urinalysis.

About 8 year-old castrated male Yorkshire terrier was presented for evaluation of dysuria, stranguria, hemtauria, and pollakiuria. On history taking, dysuria first was observed three months ago and these signs were waxed and waned. Physical examination revealed mild left perineal swelling. On routine laboratory examination, no significant findings were identified. Positive contrast urogram identified peritoneal herniation of urinary bladder. Urinalysis showed proteinuria and hematuria.

We established an in vitro experimental system using the following procedure. We first introduced tritium-labeled norepinephrine ([³H]-NE) into PC12 cells. The [³H]-NE incorporated into PC12 cells were then stimulated by a high concentration (60 mM) of K+ buffer during 12 minutes. Then, we collected 100 μl supernatant and counted the amount of [³H]-NE release from PC12 cells with a scintillation counter. After screening fungal, Streptomyces spp. or bacterial product using this experimental sytem, we obtained FS11052 from Streptomyces spp. which inhibited [³H]-NE release from PC12 cells.