Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a numerous group of synthetic organic compounds used in various industries. They pollute the natural environment and negatively affect humans and animals. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the exposure of sheep bred in the Kyrgyz Republic to six selected PFASs.

Interest is increasing in natural feed additives that improve animal health, raise farming productivity and enhance the quality of animal products. These additives, especially polyphenols, are biologically active chemical compounds found in plants.

This field study was designed as a cohort (prospective) and involved 71 calves within the borders of Aydın Province. Each calf in the study was from one of three different farms (Farm A with 12 non-infectious diarrheic, 15 infectious diarrheic, Farm B with 13 non-infectious diarrheic, 19 infectious diarrheic, and Farm C as the healthy control group n=12). Serum samples were separated into Eppendorf tubes after centrifugation and stored in a -80 °C freezer until analysis. The competitive enzyme immunoassay technique was applied using the Bovine Diamine Oxidase ELISA test. Diamine Oxidase (ng/mL) measurements in infectious, non-infectious, and healthy calves were determined to be 6.52 ± 2.85, 7.16 ± 3.40, and 17.05 ± 2.63 (p< 0.001), respectively, in terms of mean ± standard error. The data obtained suggest that determining circulating diamine oxidase enzyme levels under field conditions can support diagnosis as a biological marker of intestinal permeability, and more prominently, diamine oxidase activity may decrease in both non-infectious and infectious diarrheic calves in relation to small intestinal mucosal damage. This could represent a step closer to the diagnosis of leaky gut in calves.

Biocompatibility, which shows the compatibility between the host and the biomaterial, is very important for the reliability of a biomaterial. It is a must for a newly produced biomaterial to meet the biocompatibility criteria, which are bound to certain rules by international organizations. One of the criteria of biocompatibility is genotoxicity. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of a commercial polyaxial pedicle screw in vitro. For this purpose, in vitro micronucleus test and bacterial reverse mutation test were performed. Extraction method was used for both tests. When the obtained results were compared statistically, it was concluded that the tested biomaterial was not genotoxic.

The current study aims to examine the occurrence and antibiotic susceptabilities including methicillin resistance of S. aureus in pet cats oral and nasal svabs and to assess their potential role in the epidemiology for antibiotic resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal bacterium found in the skin, nasal microbiota,  mucose membrans and respiratory tracts of humans and animals especially dogs and cats, respectively. This trend of increasing pet ownership has raised concerns about the potential for companion animals to spread zoonotic infections, including S. aureus. A total of 12 (%25) S. aureus isolates were obtained and identified as bright zoned black colonies on RPF-BP agar from 48 nasal and oral swabs collected from cats. According to the evaluation of methicillin susceptibility using the disk diffusion test following the EUCAST method, 2 S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant. All S. aureus strains isolated were determined to be susceptible to vancomycin. In the double-disk diffusion test conducted to determine susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin, one (1) of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates also exhibited resistance to both erythromycin and clindamycin. In the PCR test, among the 2 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, 2 contained the mecC gene, while mecA gene was not found. Considering that these animals are pets, it suggests that they could transmit MRSA bacteria to their owners or other individuals through various routes such as biting, licking, and close contact. These results are of significant importance from a public health perspective, especially one health perspective.

ABSTRACT Laboratory animals have frequently been used in scientific and preclinical pharmaceutical drug safety and efficacy research. Although the introduction of new in silico assays and computer modeling for drug discovery has shown promise in reducing laboratory animal trials, there is still a need to develop in vitro alternatives to in vivo animal models. The in vitro spheroid wound model is one of the best options for developing alternative techniques to animal research as it is the most widely used laboratory animal model. The aim of the study is to using 3D in vitro wound modeling as an alternative to in vivo wound healing assays. In the study, a three-dimensional cell culture (organoid culture) with cell/cell and cell/matrix junctions was generated using the most common Fibroblast and HaCaT cell lines hanging drop technique to replicate the healing stages in the injured skin area. After spheroid epidermal structures were formed, inhibitors and activators were added to the culture medium and their effects on the wound line and 3D cells produced were determined. It was noted that the number of spheroid structures increased significantly and cell-cell interactions became visible in the additional activator groups compared to the control groups. When the inhibitor-treated group was compared with the control groups, it was observed that the formed structures completely disappeared or decreased in amount and cell-cell interactions could not be established. In conclusion, this study offers an alternative to using laboratory animals to evaluate potential medicines and/or extracts in wound healing experiments.

This study investigated the prevalence of dental diseases in cats, with a focus on the distribution of age and gender among effected individuals. A total of 50 cats were included, comprising 21 females (42%) and 29 males (58%). Age distribution revealed that 24 cats (48%) were kitten (0-11 months), 22 (44%) were adults (1-5 years), and 4 (8%) were elderly (≥6 years). Comprehensive clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed to assess the condition of the pulp, resorption, and the overall dental health, including the status of deciduous and permanent teeth, tooth mobility, dental plaque, halitosis, salivation, and mucous membrane appearance. The condition and number of deciduous and permanent teeth, mobility of teeth, dental plaque status, bad breath, salivation, and the appearance of mucous membranes were assessed.  The findings showed that 44 cats (88%) presented with at least one dental disease, affecting a total of 125 teeth. Alarmingly, none of the owners practiced routine oral or dental care for their cats, and only a minority had any awareness of feline dental health. These results underscore the widespread neglect of oral hygiene in cats and highlight the urgent need for educational initiatives to improve awareness and management of feline dental health in the general population.

CDV and CPV are significant viral agents that frequently cause fatal infections in both domestic and wild dogs. In this study, a total of 95 animals, including both healthy individuals and those exhibiting gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, aged between 6 and 24 months, were serologically examined for CDV and CPV infections using the ELISA test. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the assay range for CDV was specified as 0.7 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml, with a sensitivity value of 0.665 ng/ml. Among the total 95 animals, 48 (50.52%) with good general health had antibody titers ranging between 7 and 20, while 9 (9.47%) had titers between 50 and 85. In animals showing lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms, 22 (23.15%) had titers between 7 and 20, 10 (10.52%) between 20 and 35, 12 (12.63%) between 35 and 50, and 4 (4.2%) between 50 and 85. In terms of CPV antibodies, 88 (92.63%) were found to be positive. In conclusion, the study data indicate the necessity of developing and strictly implementing strategies to combat CDV and CPV infections. Further studies are required to investigate the genetic variability of these viruses, the effectiveness of vaccine-induced antibodies in protecting against local strains, and the pathogenesis of the diseases.

Toxicology is a science that dates to Ancient Egypt. Animal and herbal poisons were classified according to their source, and cases were categorized based on symptoms, with comments about prognosis, were included at texts were written Ancient Egypt period. In the texts written by the ancient writer Strabo, it is understood that communities with mastery on snakes lived in Anatolia. There is also information that plant-derived poisons were used in hunting and war tools in ancient time. It is seen that poisons were used quite widely in the Roman Period. There is also the extensive use of lead, especially in Roman plumbing, caused researchers to think about whether there was mass chronic poisoning. The aim of this study is to determine the current situation in order to use the Toxicology discipline in the field of Archaeology and to shed light on the period by using animals that met needs such as food sources, mounts and protection in the ancient period as biomarkers.

Introduction In Germany, around 150,000 kg of mostly Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), were produced in 2021. Sudden mortalities affected negative control Russian sturgeon in experimental infection of several European aquacultured fish species with tilapia lake virus (TiLV). An investigation sought the causative agent. In most of the sturgeon, a specific herpesvirus was detected which also occurred in the carp, crucian carp and tench subjects, but not in Nile tilapia. This herpesvirus was latent in the sturgeon population but became productive to cause the outbreak after three weeks of experimentation. Material and Methods Different European aquacultured fishes were experimented upon. Chosen PCRs, nested PCRs and re-amplifications were carried out to identify the causative agent of the mortality event. Sequence analysis of the obtained PCR fragment and in-situ hybridisation (ISH) using tissue sections of the experimental fishes were performed. Results The PCRs used for detection of Acipenser herpesvirus (AciHV)-1 and -2 were always negative. An additional PCR assay with lesser specificity for AciHV found 118 of 123 sturgeon samples and some samples of cohabited cyprinids positive. The similarity of all isolates was 99.7%. The PCR results were confirmed by ISH using probes based on the same sequence, which detected identical viral sequences in both sturgeon and cyprinid samples. These findings revealed that a sterlet sequence previously deposited in the NCBI database had been incorrectly classified. Conclusion It seems that different herpesviruses and/or a new subspecies of AciHV are widespread in European farmed sturgeon populations, which, at least for aquacultured fish, opens up the possibility of vaccination against the disease which they cause. Additionally, a more specific diagnostic PCR has to be established.