Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 3 cows from rectal pinch
samples. Direct smear stained with Acid Fast and Kinyoun stain was used to detect the organism. Subsequent samplings also indicated positive for Cryptosporidiosis, whereby one of the animals died due to dehydration and severe clinical signs of diarrhea. The farm had contaminated water supply where two out of the four ponds were
positive for Cryptosporidium spp. whereas the municipal water supply was negative. The management of the farm was poor in terms of nutrition and cleanliness which led to Cryptosporidium spp. infection in the cattle compounded by stress factors. The mortality of the adult dairy cattle and calves was also high reaching up to
40%. The most common cause of death was leg weakness, severe dehydration and pneumonia in calves as a result of severe infections. Cryptosporidiosis is zoonotic and thus needs to be controlled to prevent outbreaks in the human population.

Anthelmintic resistance which is escalating in Malaysia and other
countries is forcing farmers worldwide to look at alternative, green technologies to improve productivity and reduce diseases caused by helminths in livestock. One such method is the use of effective microbes or Useful Microbes (UM) for worm control. Therefore, a preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of UM on nematode parasites of goat in a government farm. Fifteen Boer goats were randomly selected and fed with UM Bokashi mix (effective microbes in the form of granules) with commercial goat
pellets and UM fluid in drinking water. UM used in this study was produced by Department of Veterinary Services Penang by fermenting UM stock culture with a fruit base and molasses. Faecal egg counts
(FEC) using the modified McMaster technique was carried out weekly for 5 weeks. The results show that the UM used for animal feeding (5% Bokashi with commercial goat pellet) and ad lib UM fluid in drinking water, fed over a period of 1 month showed Faecal Egg Count
reduction from 3240 e.p.g. to 677 e.p.g. (79% reduction). The general packed cell volume also increased in a majority of the animals indicating better general health. Further studies are necessary to establish the systematic use of UM in smallholder farms as well as large commercial establishments and to determine its mode
of action in the pathophysiological aspects in the face of common limitations such as poor nutrition and other stress factors.

Atotal of twenty four LargeWhite Yorkshireweaners nearly of same body weight were selected for the present study.The prediction equations were constructed to estimate the body weight of pigs indirectly from different body measurements of 24 pigs. The body weight was highly correlated (PO.OI)with body length, heart girth and height at withers. Accuracy for the measurement of body weight with prediction equation using one or two independent variables shifting from heart girth to height at withers with increase in body weight. Coefficient of multiple determination (R2)increases gradually as the number of independent variables increased in the prediction equation and the best prediction equation was observed when all the 3 body measurements were included in the equation. orrelationcoefficientof body weightwith body measurementswere also foundto be highly correlated.

USGB with biopsy gun using free hand technique was found to be an easy, safe and accurate technique for obtaining sufficient and good quality tissue for histopathological diagnosis in cases of hepatic, renal, prostatic, splenic affections and abdominal masses in dogs. Similarly USG-FNABwith 20-22 G needles attached with 5-10ml disposable syringe using free hand technique was found to be an easy, safe, economical, accurate and reliable technique for obtaining sufficientand good quality samples for cytological diagnosis in cases of splenic and prostatic affections and abdominal masses in dogs.

The present report was based on analysis of 410 cases (300 buffaloes and 110cattle) of reproductive disorders. Buffaloes (300 cases) constituted the major number of the total cases followed by cows (110 cases). Dystocia cases were the major obstetrical problem in buffaloes and cattle constituted 77 and 40 per cent, respectively.

The therapeutic efficacy of two formulations, one containing garlic and other lead carbonate and acetate, camphor, neem and eucalyptus oils were assessed in 18 and 29 clinical cases of dermatological disorders in dogs, respectively. None of the preparation showed satisfactory results against mange infestation. Both the preparations were almost equally effective in cases of fungal and non-specific dermatitis.

A case of idiopathic tetanus in a horse was treated with large doses of long acting penicillins along with tetanus anti toxins, tetanus toxoid, muscle relaxants and metronidazole. Supportive medication included parenteral dextrose saline, antioxidants, nervine tonics and restoratives. The successful treatment ofthe case over a period of fifteen days was recorded.

The effect of two thawing temperatures (37°Cfor30 sec. and 60°Cfor 7 sec.)on sperm survivability and conception rate in buffaloes with frozen semen of Murrah bulls was compared. Thawing at 60°C resulted in statistically significant increase (P0.05) in sperm survivability (motility,live spermatozoa and intact acrosomes) compared with thawing at 37°c. In all, 161 buffaloes were inseminated with frozen semen thawed at 37°Cand 159buffaloeswith semen thawed at 60°Cbetween 2006-07 and 2009-10. Conception rate of 64.15% and 50.31% was obtained with semen thawed at 60°C and 37°C, respectively, and the difference was significant (P0.05). Artificial insemination of buffaloes with frozen semen thawed at 60°C for 7 sec. could be safely used to improve both sperm survivability and conception rate in buffaloes.

The response of Japanese quail to supplementation of Morinda citrifolia truit juice with reference to growth, production and immune response was studied. The Japanese quail were fedMorinda citrifolia ITuitjuice @5% from 0-7 weeks during growing period and from 8-14 weeks during laying periods. The body weight gains, feed conversion ratio, performance index and immunity status were recorded in both control and treated groups. The result revealed better growth performance in theMorinda fed groups compared to the control group. Overall performance index of Morinda group was also better than control group. The humonil immune response ofthe Morinda group was significantly better than control group. The Morinda fed birds produced 30.90 eggs / hen housed during 8-14 weeks of age. While only 20.9 eggs/hen housed produced by control groups. The overall analysis of the growth and production performance of both the groups revealed that supplementation of M. citrifolia crude truit juice @ 5% daily enhanced the body weight gain and egg production performance in the Japanese quail.

Interactive effect of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica leaves with glibenclamide (oral hypoglycemic agent) on hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats was studied. The diabetic rats were administered with C. indica leaf extract at the dose of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight in combination with glibenclamide at the rate of 0.125 mg/kg. Blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglyceride were estimated at 15 days intervals and liver glycogen, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxides in tissues at the end of the experiment. All the treatment groups showed significant lowering of blood glucose after 45 days of treatment when compared to the diabetic control. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides also returned to normal levels after 45 days of treatment. Reduced glutathione and lipid peroxide levels were also comparable with that of normal control at the end of the treatment. None of the treatment group showed any severe hypoglycaemia or other toxic effects and the combination of C. indica at the rate of 200 mg/kg with glibenclamide produced the most significant antidiabetic effect. The results suggested that interaction of C. indica with glibenclamide can produce significant hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats and can be used safely in the treatment of diabetes.