On post-mortem examination of five desi chickens, cherry red coloured spindle shaped worms were collected from the proventriculus of each bird for identification. Based on the morphological examination, these worms were identified as Tetrameres mohtedai. A high prevalence of Tetrameres mohtedai helminth infection was documented in desi chickens in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, which causes high morbidity and mortality in desi chickens from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. Appropriate deworming strategies need to be followed in desi chicken for the control of parasite in this region.

Globally, many clinico-pathologic differences between hounds and other breeds have been investigated and most of the research has been focused on differences in the hematologic values between the breeds and hematologic reference intervals for the Greyhounds, which have been recently published. However, our native hound, Chippiparai, closely resembles the morphological traits of the hounds and yet there are no published reports on the hematological parameters of the Chippiparai breed from Tamil Nadu. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the red cell variables like Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and RBC counts which were compared with that of non-hound breeds. Chippiparai hound dogs (n=30) and non-hound dogs (n=30) were selected amongst the dogs presented at Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital and various native hamlets. The Hb, PCV and RBC level sin the Chippiparai breeds were found to be higher which may probably be attributed to the need for appropriate oxygen supplementation under extreme climatic conditions, for running and hunting and probably as an inheritance from the other sight hounds. Also, these breeds can be  recommended as good blood donors since a lesser volume of their transfused blood (with greater PCV) can increase the hematological parameters of the anemic recipient dog as compared to an equal volume of blood from the non-hound blood donors.

The house fly sex pheromone (Z)-9-tricosene was impregnated into different pheromone dispensers (septa, plastic and polythene) and their efficacy in luring Muscadomestica towards red acrylic delta trap was studied. Out of the 514 house flies trapped, (Z)-9tricosene when impregnated in circular plastic green lure attracted the maximum number of flies (165), followed by polyvial (132), silicone septa (111) and rubber septa (79) whereas the least number of flies was attracted with rectangular plastic dispenser (27). Among the house flies trapped, 46.49 per cent (239) were males and 53.50 per cent (275) were females redominance of male flies was observed with circular plastic green lure, polyvial and silicone septa, whereas in rubber septa and rectangular plastic lure, more number of female house flies were trapped. Observations revealed that circular plastic green lure, polyvial and silicone septa can be used as an effective dispensers to impregnate (Z)-9-tricosene in order of preference to facilitate slow and sustained release of pheromone and thereby trapping the optimum number of house flies towards delta trap.

An investigation was carried out to assess the nurtional , texture profile, microbial and sensory quality of wafer cones. Refined wheat flour and water, lecthin oil, vegetable fat, baking powder, SMBS (Sodium Meta Bisulphite) were used for the preparation of the wafer cone. Treatments were prepared with casein powder at the rate of 3, 5 and 7 per cent for enriching the wafer cones and control samples were prepared by using refined wheat flour. The quality assessment for moisture, protein and fat was carried out using infrared analyser from NDC technologies. Sensory acceptability was assessed by 9- Point Hedonic Scale and results were analysed statistically.

A 3 time calved cross bred Jersey cow with its 20 days old calf was presented to the outpatient medical unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of anorexia, mild respiratory distress and eruptions on the skin for a period of 10 days. General clinical examination revealed high temperature, anaemia, icteric conjunctival mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular amp; cutaneous lymph nodes, eruptions on the skin and presence of ticks on the body. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pre scapular lymph node and pheripheral blood smear examintaion confirmed theileriosis. Incidentally its 20 days old calf too had similar symptoms. Both the dam and the calf were treated with suitable therapeutic regimen including blood transfusion.

Tiruchy Black is one of the coarse wool breeds of sheep reared in Tamil Nadu. An investigation was undertaken to ascertain the migratory pattern and socio-economic status of Tiruchy Black sheep at 71 flocks in 53 villages of Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri Districts of Tamil Nadu. The migratory tracts were almost regular over the year in the breeding tract. A total of eight migratory tracts comprising of three major and five minor tracts were identified. The overall distance covered was 98.64 ± 1.13 km with a range of 15 to 128 km. The mean radial migratory distance was 184.12 ± 1.42 with range from 65 to 234 in major tracts and 34.12 ± 1.62 with a range of 15 to 64 Km in minor tracts. The Tiruchy Black sheep farmers family size was comprised of 2-5 numbers and both the genders were involved in sheep rearing. In the present study, it was observed that vast majority of sheep farmers belonged to the most backward (72.16 %), followed by backward (22.37 %) and others (5.47 %). Majority of sheep farmers belonged to the ‘Kurumba Gounders’ (96.00%). A small proportion of them in small farms belonged to the Vanniyars (4.00%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant relation between caste, community and farm size. Depending upon the condition of the animal, prices of adult rams and ewes varied from Rs. 7,000 to 8,000 and from Rs.5000 to 6,000 respectively. Surplus ram lambs were sold at the age of 3 to 5 months for Rs.1,750 to 2,500. It is concluded that the Tiruchy Black sheep farmers were following traditionally migratory pattern over the generations and which helps improves their socio­economic status in the breeding tract of Tamil Nadu.

In present day, supplementation of extra minerals and vitamins is highly essential in commercial diets due to high productivity and to withstand the detrimental effects of different stresses. Selenium is one of essential trace minerals for better growth and productivity as well as anti-stressor in commercial broilers. Nano-selenium can effectively be synthesized through High Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) technique from its precursor, for use in commercial broilers as anti-stressor and to support multiple bodily functions. The prepared nano particle had 44.5 % of selenium as measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis with the product yield of 50 g/hr. The chemical composition of sodium selenite powder was same as that of the original mega particle. The size of Se nano particle ranged from 37-85 nm as analyzed through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). X-Ray diffraction pattern confirmed that the synthesized Se nano particle was free of impurities and provided accurate information on the atomic arrangements. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum of synthesized nano particle source of selenium peaks was located at 3023.26, 2800.12, 2502.23, 2314.17, 1610.40 and 1413.30 cm-1 which showed chemical bonding in a target material. The zeta potential of nano selenium was -23.30 mV when analyzed through particle size analyzer. Se nano-particles could be successfully synthesized through High Energy Ball Milling method from its precursor and could be characterized for its quantity, size, shape, stability and purity. The synthesized Se nano-particles could be utilized for the conduct of biological trial in commercial broilers.

A study undertaken to analyse the design and operational aspects of Needlefish gillnets of four different fishing villages of Ramanathapuram district of Tamilnadu, revealed the existence of notable difference with respect to catch rate despite having many common design features. Relatively shallow and broader continental shelf boarded with coral reef was found to serve as an ideal habitat for Needlefishes along the coastal villages of this district. Six species viz.,Ablenneshians, Tylosurus crocodiles, T. choram, T. agus,Strongylura strongylura and S. leiura were found to constitute the fishery of Needlefish in gill nets with the dominant species being either A. hians orT. crocodiles.A. hians was dominant in the gillnet catches Gulf of Mannar while T. crocodiles showed its dominance in the gillnet catches from the fishing villages of Palk bay. Trawling was found to be a common disturbing activity forNeedlefish gillnetting in all the four fishing villages studied. Among four villages, Mundal was found to be notable for Needlefish gillnetting as relatively longer gill nets involving more number of fishing crafts were found to be operated from this village. The catch composition of gillnets revealed that the mean Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of Needlefishes ranged from 23 to 25 nos/boat/day while the CPUE of commercially important fishes such as seer fish, barracudas, mackerels, flying fish, queen fish and sail fishes altogether ranged from 15 to 19 nos/boat/day. The study suggests evolving a selective pelagic longline gear for capturing Needlefishes considering the rich resource of Needlefish along the coast of Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu.

Prostate gland is the accessory sex gland found in dog. The gland was collected from apparently healthy six sexually mature dogs. The prostate gland was bilobed exocrine gland. Histologically, the prostate gland consisted of stroma and parenchyma. The stroma consisted of capsule, septa and interstitial connective tissue. Parenchyma was enclosed by a thick capsule with outer thin fibrous and inner thick fibromuscular layer. The capsule contained blood vessels, myelinated nerve fibres and nerve ending like meissner’s corpuscle, pacinian corpuscle. Fibromuscular septa entered the parenchyma and divided it into lobes and lobules of different shapes and sizes. Paraenchyma of the prostate gland was consisted of glandular portion and collecting ducts. The gland was compound tubuloalveolar in type. Parenchyma of prostate gland was divided into lobules with many glandular follicles. The glandular follicles showed two zones namely outer and inner zones. The glandular follicles were lined by simple columnar epithelium with oval dark staining nucleus at the basal part and eosinophilic staining part apically. The duct system was ordered into tertiary, secondary and primary ducts. The secretory glandular portion entered into the tertiary duct, to secondary duct and finally to the primary duct. The primary duct then opened into prostratic sinus. The primary, secondary and tertiary collecting ducts and prostratic sinus were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium and stratified cuboidal epithelium. The prostatic urethra were lined by transitional epithelium.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of addition of estradiol and growth hormone on in vitro growth, maturation and antrum formation of preantral follicles (PFs’) in sheep. Preantral follicles isolated from the sheep ovarian cortical slices were cultured for six days in bicarbonate buffered tissue culture medium 199B, standard culture medium supplemented with estradiol and growth hormone during the culture period at different time points. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) segregated from the follicles toward the end of six days culture in various treatments were exposed to in vitro maturation for extra 24hrs. Estradiol plus growth hormone supplementation during 0-2 days of the culture significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the average diameter of PFs' and supported better for antrum formation. Further the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes in COCs isolated were developed to metaphase II stage at a higher rate. First two (0-2) days supplementation with estradiol plus growth hormone to TCM 199B in vitro culture medium followed by standard medium in later stages (3-6 days) supports better development of PFs' and appears to be advantageous for the development of oocytes to M-II stage.