The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of complete feed regimen on the carcass composition and serum profile of Madras Red sheep. Sixteen numbers of Madras Red lambs (90 d old) were dewormed and maintained on a dry fodder based complete feed regimen (14.25 % crude protein and 61.07 % TDN) for a period of 180 days. The animals were provided with ad libitum water and feed at all times. During third month of trial, blood samples were collected from individual animals via jugular vein for serum mineral and enzyme profile. At the end of 270 d the animals were slaughtered and the carcass parameters recorded. The average final body weight was 18.03 ± 0.89 kg and the mean daily body weight gain was 57.58 ± 4.65 g/day. The dry matter intake was 0.93 ± 0.08 kg/day. the carcass traits including those of edible and non edible portions and serum profile of Madras Red sheep maintained under intensive management system fed dry fodder based complete feed were found to be superior to those of Nellore and Garole sheep breeds..

The modified Apgar score for puppies was evolved based on the reference range of heart rate, respiration, irritability reflex, motility and membrane mucous colour according to the physiology of canine neonate. A total of 100 puppies born to the bitches that underwent Spontaneous Whelping (SW), Assisted Whelping (AW) and Caesarean section (CS) were selected and were divided into III groups viz. SW (n=30), AW (n=35) and CS (n=35).A modified Apgar score model was used to assess neonatal viability of the puppies. Among the total 100 pups evaluated 36, 13 and 51 pups were having Apgar scores of 0 to 4, 5 to 9 and 10 to 14, respectively. Out of 36 pups having Apgar scores of 0 to 4 at birth, 5.56, 19.44 and 75.00 per cent of pups were born through SW, AW and CS, respectively. Among 13 pups born with Apgar scores of 5 to 9 at birth, 0, 38.46 and 61.54 per cent of pups were born through SW, AW and CS, respectively. Out of 51 pups with Apgar scores of 10 to 14 at birth, 54.90, 45.10 and 0 per cent of pups were born through SW, AW and CS, respectively. Among the viable pups at birth, the pups born through CS were having low and medium Apgar scores of 0 to 4 and 5 to 9, respectively. All the pups delivered through SW had highest Apgar scores at birth while the pups delivered through AW had shown Apgar scores between 5 to 9 and 10 to 14.

Animal pain management is an important aspect in veterinary medicine. Trauma, illness and surgery can all result in acute pain and good management of pain is required for animal welfare (i.e., Health, physical and mental wellbeing). Newer classes of drugs are emerging for the management of pain which has lesser side effects and more efficacy than older drugs which were used against pain. Combination of two or more drugs has been proved to be more effective for the management of pain than the single drug usage. Selection of the most suitable drug combination is based on the severity of pain, effectiveness of the drug and also health status of the animal. Management of animals that are under pain needs a combination of good nursing, nondrug therapies (for example, ice packs or heat, bandaging and physical therapy) and drug treatments. The article reviews about the classes of drugs which are used for the management of acute and chronic pain in animals, their most common side effects, and the treatment regimen for different class of drugs. It is aimed to guide the veterinary practitioner to select and dose the animals with effective analgesics for the management of pain.

Data on 1, 64,962 ejaculates of 486 bulls maintained at BAIF (Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation) Research Foundation was utilized for this study. Six semen production traits viz. ejaculate volume (EV- ml), sperm concentration (SC- 109/ml), initial sperm motility (ISM- %), post-thaw motility (PTM- %), total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (TNS- 109/ejaculate) and the theoretical number of semen doses (TNSD) were included in the analysis. Effect of different factors like location, season, year, collection time, collection interval, ejaculation order, breed and age of the bulls was studied on the semen production traits and least-squares means were obtained for these fixed factors while adjusting for the random factors like bull and semen collector. Bayesian method using Gibbs sampling was used to obtain precise least-squares estimates along with 95 per cent posterior standard densities. Better yield was obtained in the early hours of the day before 7 AM, when the ambient temperatures were lower and the first ejaculate was better than the second ejaculate for all the traits. EV was highest when the bulls were six years old, whereas, ISM gradually declined as the age advanced.

Human–wild pig conflict is one of the main threats to farmers as wild pig destroys the growing crops completely. Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu was purposefully selected for the study as it ranked first in human-wild pig conflict incidents in Tamil Nadu. Farmers who had at least one wildlife conflict incidence in their lifetime were selected for this study during 2015- 16 on adoption and effectiveness of traditional practices to manage human-wild pig conflict situations. Sixty participants were selected using the snow ball sampling and data were collected using semi-structured interviews, complemented by free listing techniques, nonspecific prompting and reading back. A total number of nine traditional practices were identified and found that they were adopted at various levels. Further, boundary clearing, using metal cow bells and using shining tapes (100 %) were found to be most effective traditional method followed by fireworks/ crackers (75 %), noise making (72.2 %) and scarecrows (69.6 %). Although encouraging, these results require more widespread testing and demonstration to ensure their effectiveness at broader scales.

Twining incidence is influenced by a wide variety of genetic and environmental factors ranging from 0.5 to 4%. This case report places on record the successful management of dystocia due to dizygotic twins in a pluriparous cross-breed cow of four and a half year of age in her third parity. Both fetuses were non identical and had separate placenta which suggest ‘Dizygotic twins’.

Fish are the source of high-quality protein and are preferable due to its exceptional richness in calcium, phosphorus and vitamins. Photobacterium damselae is a potential pathogen of marine fish and an opportunistic pathogen in humans which causes pasteurellosis. A study for the screening of Photobacterium sp. in the marine fish landings of Pulicat Lake, Tamil Nadu, India was undertaken between August 2018 and February 2019. About 113 samples of fishes belonging to various species viz., Ablenneshians, Rastrelliger kannagarta, Hemiramphus, Thunnus sp., Nemipterus bipunctatus, Leognathus sp., Scombroid sp., Saurida thumbil, Triacanthus biaculatus and Pomadasys sp. were used for the study. Photobacterium sp. has been isolated in 26 fish samples which include Rastrelliger kannagarta (13/16), Leognathus sp. (4/11) and Saurida thumbil (9/11). Pathogenic Photobacterium sp. could pose threat to the health of consumers through the ingestion of contaminated, improperly cooked seafood or may gain entry to the human body during handling of contaminated fish through the cuts or abrasions or by swimming and other recreational activities in the contaminated water bodies.

The study was undertaken to ascertain the present status of adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge like complete adoption, partial adoption, discontinuance and rejection and its perceived attributes like relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and trialability using the schedule developed for this purpose and its economic impact. Partial budgeting was done to assess the economic impact of adopting progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge. Farmers were aware about the progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge through the constituent units of TANUVAS like veterinary colleges, KVKs and VUTRCs (84%); veterinary officers (47%); extension workers (46%); friends and relatives (34%). Majority (80%) of the respondents reported to have completely adopted the innovation for treating infertility while the remaining (20%) had discontinued it. Majority of the dairy farmers (78%) were in the medium level of adoption behaviour about the innovation followed by low (12%) and high (10%) level. Most of the dairy farmers perceived that progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge was cheaper in price, exorbitantly profitable, time saving, situationally and culturally feasible, physically compatible, trialable, adoptable and the results are observable. Partial budgeting analysis revealed that net income of the dairy farmers was increased by Rs. 28,041.90 per dairy animal due to the adoption of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponge in their infertile dairy animals. The present status of adoption of innovation by farmers was positively correlated with land holding and dairy animal possession and change in net income at 1% level, while their adoption behaviour was positively correlated with education and change in net income at 1% level and with land holding and extension agency at 5% level of significance.

A Jersey crossbred cow which was presented with the history of inanition and purulent vaginal discharge was investigated. Gynaeco-clinical and ultrasonographic examination revealed severe utero-ovarian adhesions and with presence of live ectopic foetus in the pelvic cavity. The present report places on record a rare case of secondary ectopic pregnancy in a crossbred cow.

A two months old desi chicken carcass was received for necropsy. On necropsy the oesophagus was found directly entering into the gizzard and the proventriculus could not be located grossly. Further complete telescoping of proventriculus into the gizzard was observed. Based on the gross findings, the case was diagnosed as proventricular intussusception into gizzard. On histopathological examination, the proventricular mucosa revealed diffuse moderate diphtheritic proventriculitis. The incidence of intussusception of proventriculus is rare and this condition might be due to increased peristalsis associated with intestinal helminthiasis.