An attempt was made to overview the conduct, components and output of various livestock research activities conducted in TANUVAS for the period from 2008 to 2018. Among 152 projects completed during the study period, there were 52 health projects, 36 production, 25 social science, 16 clinical science, 14 infrastructure, six processing, two environment and one education related projects. The research investment of projects completed from 2008 to 2018 was found to be the highest for Health (Rs.1767.70 lakhs), followed by Infrastructure (Rs.1723.40 lakhs), Production (Rs.668.72 lakhs), Social science (Rs.393.82 lakhs), Clinical science (Rs.360.28 lakhs), Education (Rs.221.47 lakhs), Processing (Rs.87.50 lakhs) and Environment (Rs.14.64 lakhs). Among various livestock species, Poultry research occupied predominant position with 39 numbers of projects with outlay of Rs.791.25 lakhs. It should be noted that the research on companion animals and fodder were less than 10 in last ten years. A total of 44 patents were filed in TANUVAS during last decade, among which seven were granted. It is concluded that the focus should also be made on fodder, swine and companion animal and fodder research.

In recent times drug repurposing has gained interest over the traditional drug discovery due to reduction in time and cost of development of new drug. Drug repurposing approach has given promising drug candidates for various viral diseases like COVID 19, Ebola, Zika, Dengue, Influenza, HIV, Herpes, etc. Ontarget and off-target are the two basic strategies of drug repurposing. Macrolide, Artemisinin, Quinoline antiparasitic drugs are some of the drugs repurposed against cancer and drugs like thalidomide are repurposed against COVID-19 infection. Repurposing of veterinary drugs like ivermectin, levamisole and benzemidazole group of antiparasitic drugs are also under consideration. This review elaborates repurposing of antihypertensive drugs like angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers as anti- neoplastic drugs, anti-diabetic drugs against Alzheimer’s disease, fluorophenyl benzimidazole (FPD) as antihypertensive drug, thalidomide against COVID-19 infection, levamisole as antineoplastic drug, benzimidazole as anti-cryptococcal drug and some other new drugs. Usage of in silico techniques and pharmacophore modeling strategies can further accelerate the process of drug repurposing. The drug repurposing strategies significantly minimize research and development costs, provide greater chances of success, shorter research time and lower investment risk.

An attempt was made to document the management practices of the backyard goat production in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu. The primary data were collected by interviewing 180 backyard goat farmers selected by multi-stage random sampling using pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed through descriptive statistics. About 46.11 per cent of the respondents kept their animals under open system of housing and floor of the goat shed was mud type in 96.67 per cent of the sampled farmers. All the farmers stored manure in an open place. Majority of goat farmers raise their goats solely on browsing and grazing stubble of field crops, natural pasture and tree leaves. Majority of farmers did not possess their own breeding buck but they use community buck for breeding purpose. Middlemen (57.22 per cent) played a major role in marketing of goat in all categories of flocks, followed by butcher (36.11 per cent). Only one-fifth of flock owners dewormed their flocks yearly twice. None of the sample respondents vaccinated their goat against infectious diseases. Goats were marketed round the year (87.78 per cent) and about 12 per cent marketed their goats on special occasions. The major reasons for marketing was found to be the want of money to overcome financial problem (61.07 mean score) in case of bucks / male kids and culling due to old age (66.00 mean score) in case of breeding does. Majority of the sample backyard goat farmers did not follow scientific  management practices at their farm level, which warrants intensive extension programmes. Implementation of best management practices among backyard goat farmers in Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu would improve the profitability.

The objective of the present study is to find out the scope and extent of utilization livestock farm service provided by the Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC), TANUVAS, Kattuppakam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. The available records for a period of two years from January 2021 to December 2022 were analysed to study the number of farmers visited, and their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. The findings of the study revealed that a total of 1727 farmers visited ATIC, Kattupakkam in which majority (86.21%) respondents were males. Among the specific purpose of visits, purchase of fodder seeds (35.95%) was their high priority followed by purchase of publications (32.42%), farm advisory (13.60%), livestock feed (11.92%) and others (6.07%). On farm advisory, majority were benefited on goat farming (31.66%) than other livestock farming practices. It was concluded that during the study period more than 65% of farmers benefited through the purchase for fodder seeds and publication and around 68% of the livestock farmers were likely to be more specific in their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. 

A total of sixteen commonly available medicinal herbs (different parts) used in Indian traditional medicine were collected. The collected parts were, shade-dried, ground to fine powder and stored in air-tight containers. The samples were analyzed for proximate principles, acid-insoluble ash, gross energy, minerals and fatty acids. Emblica officinalis fruits had significantly (P < 0.05) highest moisture (88.67%), Moringa oleifera leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude protein (26.99 %), Coriandrum sativum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude fibre (32.53%), Syzygium aromaticum buds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest crude fat (18.57 %), Mentha spicata leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest total ash (11.53 %), Allium sativum bulbs had significantly (P < 0.05) highest nitrogen-free extracts (90.14 %) and Murraya koenigii leaves had significantly (P< 0.05) highest acid insoluble ash (4.71 %). The gross energy content was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in Coriandrum sativum seeds (4605.33 Kcal/Kg). Azadirachta indica leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest calcium (2.99 %), Phyllanthus niruri leaves had significantly highest (P < 0.05) phosphorus (0.53 %), Andrographis paniculata stem and leaves had significantly (P < 0.05) highest copper (41.27 ppm), E. officinalis fruits had significantly (P < 0.05) highest iron (596.78 ppm) and S. aromaticum buds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest manganese (286.96 ppm). C. sativum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of oleic acid (73.76 %), T. foenum seeds had significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of linoleic acid (36.43 %) and P. niruri leaves had the significantly (P < 0.05) highest levels of linolenic acid (51.78 %) Further studies are needed to quantify other bioactive compounds, to study their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties so that they could be used as alternatives to antibiotics / other drugs for livestock and poultry.

A study was carried out in the month of September, 2022 to know the economics on rearing of indigenous (local) comparative broiler birds at the Poultry Unit of SCS college of Agriculture, Rangamati, Assam Agricultural University, Dhubri, Assam. For the study, day old chicks of indigenous and broiler, 100 numbers each were introduced in deep litter system of management. Broilers were marketed at the completion of 6 th week, while the indigenous birds were kept up to 8 th week and then marketed. Mean body weight was found to be 2082.67±14.85 g and 658.29±3.49 g in the case of broilers and indigenous birds at 6 th week and 8 th week respectively. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded as 1.64 and 2.29 for broiler and indigenous birds, respectively. The cost of production per kg bird is Rs.114.70 and Rs. 227.90 for broiler and indigenous birds respectively. The net profit calculated in production of broilers and indigenous was Rs. 5100.00 and Rs. 7450.00 respectively. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) in broiler and indigenous bird was found to be 1.22.1.00 and 1.53:1.00, respectively.

An one and half year old Jersey crossbred heifer was presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of recurrent bloat, copious salivation, severe respiratory distress and abdominal distension. Under local infiltration with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride, trocharization was performed on left paralumbar fossa using trochar and canula to relieve the gas from the rumen. Palpable hard mass noticed in the caudal cervical esophagus and attempt was made to retrieve with the hand through the oral cavity was unsuccessful. Oesophagogram revealed barium stasis on ventral aspect between 4 th and 5 th cervical vertebra. As the obstruction could not be relieved by passing a probang, cervical oesophagotomy was performed and foreign body (Trichobezoar) was retrieved without any complications.

The present study was carried out to optimize the space and height for placement of baited delta traps to lure and kill house flies in Japanese Quail layer unit at Poultry Research Station, Madhavaram, Chennai where birds were raised in Californian caged system. Red acrylic delta traps with Z-9-Tricosene-Fish meal pellet baits were used for the optimization study. Height optimization of placement of traps was estimated by placing the traps at four different heights in poultry units, viz., ground level, 0.3 m above ground level, 0.6 m above ground level and 0.9 m above ground level. The optimal distance for placement of the acrylic delta trap was estimated by placing the traps at four different distances within poultry units, viz., close to each other, 0.3 m distance between two traps, 0.6 m distance between two traps and 0.9 m distance between two traps. Trap height optimization trial results revealed that maximum number of flies were trapped at ground level, followed by 0.3 m above ground level, 0.6 m above ground level and 0.9 m above ground level in the descending order of preference. Trap distance optimization trials revealed that more flies got trapped when the distance between two traps was 90 cm followed by 0 cm, 60 cm and 30 cm distance between traps. Results revealed that house fly delta traps deployed at ground level at a trap distance of 90 cm could be effective in house fly trapping and can play a vital role in integrated house fly management strategies. 

The present study was undertaken to understand the present status of adoption of TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture, viz, complete adoption, partial adoption, discontinuance and rejection and its perceived attributes, namely, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability and trialability using the schedule developed for the purpose and the economic impact. Partial budgeting was done to assess the economic impact of adopting TANUVAS SMART mineral mixture. Personal cosmopolite and personal localite communication channels had contributed majorly to the awareness of the dairy farmers followed by mass media. Majority of the dairy farmers (78%) discontinued the adoption of the innovation. Sixty six per cent of them had medium level of adoption behaviour followed by high (28%) and low (6%) level of adoption behavior. The reasons attributable were that the technology was perceived relatively less advantageous and not observable. However, it was perceived as highly compatible, less complex and trialable. Net income of the dairy farmers had increased by Rs. 2,216.80 per dairy animal per lactation due to the adoption of TANUVAS SMART Mineral Mixture. The status of adoption of TANUVAS SMART Mineral Mixture, its adoption behaviour and change in net income were found to be significantly associated with land holding, area under fodder cultivation, dairy animal possession, extension agency contact and mass media exposure of the dairy farmers.

Selection of breeding bucks is one of the crucial decisions in both organised and field populations for genetic improvement. Using high genetic merit bucks in the breeding programme could improve the overall production of the stock, thereby augmenting the economic sustainability of the rural goat keepers with zero input system of management. Therefore, understanding the effect of non-genetic factors with respect to semen characteristics is of paramount importance among the breeding bucks within a breed for effective breeding management. In this study, a total of 164 ejaculates from six adult Salem Black bucks were analysed to determine the effect of season and order of the ejaculate on conventional semen attributes using linear mixed models with lme4 package in R software. The estimated marginal means for semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (million per ml), mass activity (0 to 5 scale), initial and pre-freeze sperm motility (per cent) were 0.69 ± 0.05, 3253.00 ± 167.00, 4.70 ± 0.09, 81.80 ± 0.002 and 79.43 ± 0.003 respectively. Season had a significant effect (p < 0.5) on all the traits under study except for post-thaw motility, whereas, the order of ejaculation did not influence the traits except mass activity.