Nanotechnology has been used in a variety of medical applications, including diagnostics, immunisation, medication and gene delivery. Nanotechnology has opened up new ways for molecular biology and biotechnology applications, and it has revolutionised practically every area of veterinary and animal sciences by introducing new, small-scale instruments and materials that are advantageous to living species. Metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, fullerenes,  liposomes, and dendrimers are among the several forms of nanomaterials employed in detection of various diseases, therapy, drug administration, animal nutrition and breeding. It is concluded that, before making nano-products available for animal use, extensive risk evaluations should be carried out to ensure their safety. So, this article provides an overview of existing and promising nano applications in veterinary research that may lead to increased efficiency and production.

Nutritional evaluation of different pulse chunnies was carried using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and validated with wet analysis for inclusion in livestock feeds. The portable NIRS spectrophotometer FOSS XDS RCA and FOSS 6500 chemometrics software were used for the study. A total of 324 samples of four pulse chunnies (red gram (RGC), green gram (GGC), black gram (BLGC) and bengal gram (BGC)) were assessed using NIRS. It revealed that RGC had significantly (P<0.01) highest DM content than other three samples. The mean CP content was highest (P<0.01) in GGC and lowest in BGC and significantly (P<0.01) higher ether extract (EE) was recorded in BLGC and RGC and lowest in BGC samples. The ash content was significantly (P<0.01) highest in BLGC and lowest in RGC samples. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were higher (P<0.01) in BGC and lower in GGC samples. Wet analysis shown, the DM content did not differ (P>0.05) among pulse chunni samples, while significantly (P<0.01) higher organic matter was recorded in RGC and lowest in BLGC samples. The CP was higher (P<0.01) in BLGC and lower in BGC and significantly (P<0.01) highest crude fibre recorded for BGC, RGC and was lowest in BLGC and GGC samples. Highest (P<0.05) EE was observed in BLGC while lowest in BGC. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in nitrogen free extract among pulse chunnies, while ash content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in BLGC and lower in RGC samples. NDF, ADF and ADL were significantly (P<0.01) higher in BGC and lower in GGC samples. The study concludes that the NIRS technique can be used to screen large number of samples in lesser time for using them in livestock feed formulations as there is a high correlation between NIRS and conventional feed analysis.

An outbreak of pasteurellosis was recorded in a local Japanese quail farm in Tamil Nadu with a flock capacity of 20,000 birds per batch. Mortality was reported in new arrival of 2000 birds of 14 week old quails. Mortality was recorded to be increasing from third day to 10th day of arrival with a total mortality of 410 birds at the rate of 20 birds per day for three consecutive days and 30 to 60 for seven consecutive days with the history of depression, ruffled feathers, discharge of mucous from the mouth and nostrils, anorexia, diarrhoea and respiratory distress. Necropsy was performed on dead birds which revealed numerous greyish necrotic foci scattered on the entire parenchyma of the liver on gross examination. Heart showed petechial haemorrhages on the pericardium while other organs namely kidney, intestine, spleen and lungs showed only congestion. Impression smear of the liver revealed presence of bipolar organisms on microscopic examination. Cultural examination of heart blood swab and PCR assay carried out on liver tissues confirmed the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Based on the postmortem examination and laboratory findings, diagnosis was confirmed as pasteurellosis and all the other ailing birds were treated with enrofloxacin orally @ 5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The treated birds became active with normal feeding habits after 10 days of treatment. 

An attempt was made to measure the comparative advantage of dairy farming among different occupational groups of rural Tamil Nadu (540 households and 2500 persons) for its poverty alleviation role. The most commonly used measures of poverty viz., head count index (P 0), poverty gap index (P1) and squared poverty gap (poverty severity) index (P2), the Watts index and average exit time from poverty were calculated. About 59 per cent of the total sample households and close to 65 per cent of sample population were found to stay below poverty line. P1 P2 and W index were observed to be the highest among agricultural labourers and the lowest among dairy farmers. At four per cent of hypothetical income growth rate, the time required to exit out of poverty was estimated to be the least for dairy farmers (4.66 years for buffalo and 4.91 years for cattle), followed by fishermen (5.09 years). Keeping in view of poverty reduction potential of dairy farming, it shall be included in poverty alleviation programmes. 

An outbreak of chorioptic mange infestation was observed in a sheep and goat flock during 2021 in the Kandukur village of Anantapur district, with a history of skin itching, thick scabs and loss of hair. Skin lesions were characterized by alopecica, crusty scabs on hind limbs, face, ears and scrotal region. Microscopic examination of deep skin scrapings revealed the presence of Chorioptes spp mites. Affected sheep and goats were treated with Ivermectin injection (200 mg/kg. body wt) administered subcutaneously weekly once for 2 weeks along with dipping using Butox spray (Deltamethrin) and supportive therapy with brotone syrup (liver tonic). Examination of deep skin scraping two weeks post treatment found negative for the Chorioptes spp mites.

A one and half year old heifer was presented with a hard mass hanging from brisket region. The mass was oval shaped, 10 x15 cm in size, pedunculated with the base at the level of carpal joint. Cytological examination revealed melanocytes with the presence of numerous blackish melanin pigments in the cytoplasm. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was comprised of heavily pigmented spindle shaped cells, arranged in sheets with a large nuclei and abundant granular black pigment in the cytoplasm. Following surgical removal of the mass, the animal recovered with no recurrence. Based on clinical examination, cytology and histopathological findings, the growth was diagnosed as cutaneous melanoma.

A one year old, non descript doe presented with the history of straining to deliver and hanging of ruptured water bag from the vulva was diagnosed as dystocia. The attempts for manual extraction of foetus were failed and a dead emphysematous male foetus was removed by caesarean section. Hydrocephalus and prognathism were observed in the dead foetus. The doe uneventfully recovered postoperatively.

A pluriparous full-term pregnant buffalo was presented with a history of unproductive straining with improper relaxation of the vulva. Detailed obstetrical examination revealed the presence of two fetuses that were conjoined twins with attachment present at the sternal region of the thorax of the fetuses. The conjoined twins (Ziphopagus monster) were delivered per-vaginal by episiotomy technique.

Parasitic infestation is the primary aetiology of anaemia in goats. Chronic parasitic infestation being the most common cause for severe anaemia in addition to the elimination of aetiology, supportive therapy is necessary for the early regain of normal physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters. The present study was conducted at the Veterinary clinical complex, Veterinary College, Bidar. Six severely anaemic goats were selected for the present study to know the efficacy of iron sucrose as supportive therapy. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded as per the standard procedures. Haemato-biochemical parameters were estimated on day 0 and day 15 of post therapy as per the standard procedures. Goats were promptly treated for the primary complaint, dipped, and dewormed to eliminate the Endecto parasites. Selected goats were supplemented with 50 mg of iron sucrose on every alternate day four times in 100 mL normal saline solution by slow intravenous route. A significant (p< 0.05) improvement was observed in physiological and haemato-biochemical parameters after 15 days of post therapy. 

The objective of the present study is to find out the scope and extent of utilization livestock farm service provided by the Agricultural Technology Information Center (ATIC), TANUVAS, Kattuppakam, Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. The available records for a period of two years from January 2021 to December 2022 were analysed to study the number of farmers visited, and their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam. The findings of the study revealed that a total of 1727 farmers visited ATIC, Kattupakkam in which majority (86.21%) respondents were males. Among the specific purpose of visits, purchase of fodder seeds (35.95%) was their high priority followed by purchase of publications (32.42%), farm advisory (13.60%), livestock feed (11.92%) and others (6.07%). On farm advisory, majority were benefited on goat farming (31.66%) than other livestock farming practices. It was concluded that during the study period more than 65% of farmers benefited through the purchase for fodder seeds and publication and around 68% of the livestock farmers were likely to be more specific in their purpose of visits at ATIC, Kattupakkam.