In the study, 348 bacterial isolates comprising of Escherichia coli (100), Klebsiella aerogens (45), Proteus mirablis (35), Peudomonas aerogens (20), Staphylococcus sp. (78), Streptococcus sp. (13), Bacillus sp. (57) were isolated from egg shell and egg contents of 150 egg samples collected from local market in Patna (Bihar). The isolates were subjected to antibiogram. This study demonstrated that egg from organized farm microbial contamination than unorganized poultry farm reflecting the effect of environment, storage and transportation on microbial quality of eggs.

The herd strength of the farm was 480 crossbreds containing 393 females and 87 males, out of which 43 females and 15 males suffered from fluorosis leading to overall prevalence of 12.08 %. It is revealed that overall prevalence in males (17.24 %) was higher as compare to the females (11.05%). The prevalence in males below six months of age group and in six months and above (adults) was recorded to be 16.66 % and 17.46 % respectively. The adults and calves were equally susceptible to fluorosis in both sexes while heifers were least susceptible (3.12 %). Genetic group wise studies concluded that,prevalence in Brown swiss 50 % + Holstein Frisian 25 % + Gir 25% (16.88 %), then comes Holstein Frisian 50 % + Gir 50 % (15.84 %), then (11.94 %) in Holstein Frisian 50 % + Jersey 25 % + Gir 25% and least (5.95 %) was recorded in reciprocal crosses. Clinical examination revealed two forms viz: osteodental fluorosis and osteofluorosis. The level of fluorine in serum samples ranged between 1.0 to 7.0 ìg/ml. Epidemiological investigation could not ascertain the source of fluorine intake. Drop in milk production, adverse effect on reproduction and evidence of hypothyroidism were not recorded in any animal. Aluminium sulphate @ 30 gms to 45 gms / day was given as a curative treatment while in chronic cases of fluorosis @ 20 gms/animal was given for 15 days keeping 7 days gap and again given for 15 days till there is improvement in clinical symptoms. There was no recurrence of clinical symptoms and no addition of new cases. __________________________________________________________________

Oestrosis is a worldwide myiasis infection caused by the larvae of
the fly Oestrus ovis (Diptera, Oestridae), that develops from the first to the third stage larvae. This is an obligate parasite of the nasal and sinus cavities of sheep and goats. The Oestrus ovis larvae elicit clinical signs of cavitary myiasis seen as a seromucous or purulent nasal discharge, frequent sneezing, incoordination and
dyspnea. Myiasis in an incidental host may have biological significance towards medical and public health importance if
the incidental host is man. This infection can result in signs of generalized disease, causing serious economic losses in sheep and goat reared for meat and dairy production. Due to the large numbers of small ruminants imported into Malaysia from countries which are endemic with oestrosis, precautionary measures should be exercised to prevent this infection from establishing here. In 2009, there was a report of respiratory distress (pneumonic sign) accompanied by high mortality in Damara sheep that was imported from Australia. Investigations showed the presence of Oestrus ovis larvae in affected
sheep. The post mortem was conducted in the field and the larvae were discovered in the tracheal region. The larvae was confirmed as Oestrus ovis using the appropriate keys for identification by Zumpt. The carcass showed pulmonary edema with severe congestion of the lungs accompanied by frothy exudation in the bronchus. There were also signs of serious atrophy (heart muscle) and mild enteritis
(intestine histopathological examination showed, there was pulmonary congestion and edema, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, renal tubular necrosis and myocardial sarcocystosis. The sheep also showed chronic helminthiasis and Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from organ specimens.Oestus ovis infection is rare in Malaysia, as such this case posed as an unusual case for investigation.

One hundred and sixteen cattle sera were randomly selected from 17
farms in five different states of Malaysia (Perak, Terengganu, Johor, Melaka and Sabah). All serum samples were tested by Indirect Flourescent Antibody Test (IFAT) using specific conjugates (from MRD). The results showed that only 2.6% were positive for Toxoplasma gondii.

The objective of this study was to examine the nutritionally-related
blood metabolites; total protein and glucose levels in goats of Kinta and Hilir Perak districts. A total of eight farms were screened, involving a total of 220 animals. Serum samples were collected in plain tubes for total protein determination, while
plasma samples were collected in sodium fluoride tubes for glucose determination. Total protein and glucose determination were carried out using Idexx Vettest 8008 Blood Chemistry Analyzer. Results show
that goats in seven out of eight farms had malnutrition problems and poor body scores. Farmers were given advices based on the laboratory results obtained from this study.

Strangles is an extremely contagious bacterial infection specific to
equine species( horses, mules and zebras). A nationwide screening of S. equi was conducted among horses following an isolation of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) from a horse. All horses were monitored for the presence of respiratory signs, nasal discharge and submandibular swelling. This paper reports the isolation of S. equi from horses during a nationwide survey from August 2010 to December 2010. From August 2010 to December 2010 our laboratory received 2,825 nasal swabs, 9 guttural pouch flushes, 1 submandibular swab and 1 submandibular abscess. The samples were subjected to conventional bacterial isolation and identification.
Streptococcus equi-positive samples were also confirmed by detecting the M-gene (SeM) of the bacteria by using PCR. Two nasal swabs from two horses and one submandibular abscess from a horse were positive for S. equi by culture and subsequently by PCR. Surveillance for S. equi should be continued for the control of the strangles. PCR can be carried out in parallel to bacterial culture to increase the
detection rate of carriers and shedders.

A textura, ou maciez, pode ser avaliada pela mensuração da força necessária para ocorrer o cisalhamento das fibras musculares. Objetivou-se, nesse trabalho, a análise da textura de músculos submetidos à fixação e conservação em álcool, ao longo de um ano, mediante uso de um aparelho analisador de textura. Foram utilizados 48 peitos de frangos jovens, pesados, fixados e conservados em álcool etílico 96º GL. As análises foram realizadas após 15, 30, 90, 180 e 360 dias de conservação, além do grupo controle de músculos frescos. Os valores da força de cisalhamento dos diferentes grupos aumentaram progressivamente de 3,38 (grupo controle) até 15,31 Kgf (180 dias), caindo para 9,53 Kgf após 360 dias. Concluiu-se que quando músculos são submetidos à fixação e conservação em álcool 96º GL, ocorre diminuição da maciez, tornando-os quase cinco vezes mais rígidos ao corte após seis meses, e três vezes mais rígidos após um ano. Sugere-se que a dissecção de peças anatômicas musculares ocorra até 90 dias após fixação e conservação em álcool 96º GL ou ao redor de um ano nesse agente conservante, pois há menor rigidez tissular nesses períodos. Embora se tenha estudado o efeito do álcool na textura de tecido muscular de aves, acredita-se que, devido à grande homogeneidade tissular neste caso, tais dados possam ser extrapolados ou servir de base para estudos similares em outras espécies. | Texture, or tenderness, may be evaluated by measuring the force necessary to cause rupture of muscle fibers. The aim of this paper was to analyze the texture of muscles fixed and kept in alcohol, throughout a year, by using a texture analyzer. Forty eight poultry breasts were weighted, fixed and kept in a 96º GL ethylic alcohol solution. Analyses were performed at 15, 30, 90, 180 and 360 days of conservation, besides the one of the control group of fresh breasts. Values of shear forces of different groups increased progressively from 3.38 (control group) to 15.31 Kgf (180 days), decreasing to 9.53Kgf after 360 days. It was concluded that when muscles are fixed and kept in ethylic alcohol 96º GL the tenderness is decreased, becoming almost five times harder during the first six months and three times harder after a year. It is suggested that muscle anatomic pieces dissection occurs up to 90 days after fixation and conservation in 96º GL alcohol or around 1 year on this conservation product because there is smaller muscle stiffness in these times. Although the alcohol effect in texture of poultry muscle tissue has being studied in this paper, it is believed that, due this great tissue homogeneity, these data might be taken or being basis to similar studies in other species.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a maturação e o desenvolvimento embrionário após a fecundação in vitro de oócitos bovinos que tiveram a maturação bloqueada com Butirolactona I e Roscovitina em meio de pré-maturação suplementado com soro fetal bovino (SFB). Oócitos foram divididos em 4 grupos: Controle 0 hora, Controle (maturação por 24 horas), Butirolactona I (bloqueio da maturação com 150µM de Butirolactona I por 24 horas, seguido de 24 horas de maturação) e Roscovitina (bloqueio da maturação com 50µM de Roscovitina por 24 horas, seguido de 24 horas de maturação). Para avaliar a maturação nuclear, os oócitos foram fixados e corados em aceto orceína. Parte dos oócitos dos grupos Controle 24 horas, Roscovitina e Butirolactona I após o período de maturação, foi fecundado in vitro. O desenvolvimento embrionário foi avaliado pelos índices de clivagem (D3) e formação de blastocistos (D7). Oócitos do grupo Butirolactona I apresentaram índices de Vesícula Germinativa após o bloqueio e de Metáfase 2 após a maturação semelhantes ao dos grupos Controle 0 hora e Controle, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a Roscovitina apresentou menores índices de Vesícula Germinativa e Metáfase 2. Os grupos Controle e Butirolactona I apresentaram maiores índices de clivagens. O grupo Controle apresentou maior produção de blastocistos que o Roscovitina e não diferiu do grupo Butirolactona I. Conclui-se que a Butiroloactona I pode ser utilizada no sistema de pré-maturação em meio contendo SFB, pois apresentou resultados semelhantes ao do grupo Controle o mesmo não ocorrendo com a Roscovitina, que apresentou menores índices de maturação oocitária e de desenvolvimento embrionário. | This study evaluated the bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development after in vitro fertilization. The maturation of the oocytes was blocked using Butyrolactone I and Roscovitine using pre-maturation medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). The ocytes were divided in four groups: Control 0 hour, Control (24 hours of maturation), Roscovitine (maturation blockage with 50mM Roscovitine during 24 hours followed by 24 hours of maturation), and Butyrolactone I (maturation blockage with 150mM Butyrolactone I during 24 hours followed by 24 hours of maturation). The oocytes were fixed and stained with aceto orcein to evaluate the nuclear maturation. After the maturation period, the remaining oocytes of the Control group, Roscovitine, and Butyrolactone I were fertilized in vitro. Embryo development was assessed by the cleavage rate (D3) and blastocysts formation (D7). The Butyrolactone I group had similar rates of germinal vesical stage oocytes during blockage, and Metaphase 2 after maturation, comparing to Control group at 0 hour and Control group, respectively. On the other hand, the Roscovitine group had lower rates of vesical stage oocytes during blockage, and Metaphase 2 after maturation comparing to Control groups. After in vitro fertilization, higher rates of cleavage were observed in Control and Butyrolactone I groups. For the blastocyst formation rate, the Control group showed better results than Roscovitine group. In summary, Butyrolactone I group had similar results to the Control group, and for this reason, is suitable for pre-maturation of bovine oocytes using FCS. In contrast, Roscovitine group had lower oocyte maturation and embryo development.

Reconhecida desde a antiguidade, a raiva é uma infecção aguda do sistema nervoso central que acomete mamíferos, sendo causada por um RNA vírus da família Rabidoviridae, gênero Lyssavírus. O Brasil, desde a implantação do programa de controle da raiva em áreas urbanas, vem apresentando um declínio de casos de raiva em cães e em seres humanos. Em Cuiabá, as atividades realizadas pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses voltadas para o controle da raiva como: vacinação antirrábica animal, bloqueios de foco, captura de animais errantes, entre outros, permitiu o bloqueio da circulação do vírus na espécie canina. Desde 2008, o município de Cuiabá não registra nenhum caso da doença na espécie canina. Com o objetivo de conhecer a distribuição temporal da raiva canina em Cuiabá- MT, assim como identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos cães infectados pelo vírus rábico e verificar as medidas de profilaxia para a raiva canina, adotadas pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonose do município de Cuiabá no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2008, realizou-se o presente estudo. Para o estudo observacional descritivo foi empregado o banco de dados referente à série histórica do CCZ e do Laboratório de Apoio a Saúde Animal - LASA ambos situados no município de Cuiabá- MT. O período de estudo foi de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2008. Neste período foram examinadas 1021 amostras de cérebro de cães, destas 8,71% (89/1021) foram positivas e 91,29% (932/1021) negativas para a raiva. Os meses de maior incidência da doença foram os meses de janeiro 15,05% (14/93), fevereiro 12,5% (9/72), março 12,5% (9/72), abril 14,14% (9/72) e dezembro 13,69% (10/73). O maior número de cães doentes era macho 59,55% (53/89) com idade acima de dois anos 50,55% (45/89) e não domiciliados 67,41% (60/89). Em relação à imunoprofilaxia, a maioria dos cães 99,63% foi vacinada em campanhas. A cobertura vacinal ficou acima dos 80% exceto em 2006. Entre os animais que apresentaram a enfermidade o maior número, 67,41% (60/89), foi de cães não domiciliados, os chamados cães errantes. O percentual de cães domiciliados infectados pelos VR foi igual a 32,58% (29/89). As campanhas de vacinação, portanto, são fundamentais para a imunização do maior número de animais possível e a sociedade deve se conscientizar sobre a importância da raiva e as medidas que devem ser tomadas para controlá-la. | Known since the ancient times, the rabies is an acute infection of the central nervous system that affects mammals, caused by an RNA virus of the Rhabidoviridae family, Lyssavirus gender. Since the implantation of the urban area rabies control program in Brazil the number of cases in dogs and human have shown a decrease. In Cuiabá, the efforts to control the rabies, such as animal vaccination, focus isolation, capture of nomad animals and others realized by the Zoonosis Control Center has leaded to locking in the viral circulation in the canine species. Since 2008, zero cases of the disease in dogs were reported. In order to know the temporal distribution of canine rabies in Cuiabá - MT and identify the epidemiologic aspects of the rabies's infected dogs, and verify the canine rabies's profilatic actions of the Zoonosis Control Center of the city of Cuiabá, during the period of January, 2002 to December , 2008, the present study was performed. The historic data base from Cuiabá - MT was obtained at the Zoonosis Control Center and at the Animal Health Support Laboratory and used to perform the descriptive and observational study. During the performance of the study, 1021 samples of canine's brains were examined, 8,71% (89/1021) of them were positive and 91,29% (932/1021) of them were negative for the rabies test. The Months with higher incidence were January with 15,05% (14/93), February with 12,5% (9/72), March with 12,5% (9/72), April with 14,14% (9/72) and December with 13,69% (10/73). The major part of the infected dogs were males with 59,55% (53/89) older than two years old 50,55% (45/89) and were nomads animals 67,41% (60/89). 99,63% of the infected dogs were vaccinated in anti rabies vaccination campaigns. The vaccinal cover was higher than 80%, except in 2006. The percentual of the domiciled infected dogs by the rabies virus were 32,58% (29/89). Therefore the vaccination campaigns are essential for the immunization of a higher number of animals, and the society must be awareabout the importance of rabies and about the actions to control it.

A indústria de lã, leite, carne e pele de ovinos tem crescido em importância e novas biotecnologias do sêmen estão sendo estudadas para a elucidação de causas de infertilidade em machos. Sabe-se que danos causados na membrana espermática diminuem a qualidade seminal. Considerando que estas são compostas por uma bicamada de fosfolipídios e que a peroxidação lipídica é causadora de lesão celular, explica-se a importância de estudos sobre os lipídios constituintes do sêmen. A peroxidação lipídica é consequente da reação entre os lipídios e as espécies reativas de oxigênio. Esse quadro pode ser controlado pela presença de antioxidantes no sêmen. O sêmen foi coletado pela técnica da vagina artificial e após análise imediata e mediata, foi separado em duas frações: plasma seminal e pellet de espermatozoide. Seus lipídios foram extraídos por dois métodosbaseados no método Folch, Lesse Stanley modificado diferentes, utilizando clorofórmio e metanol como solventes. Após foram qualificados e quantificados pela especificidade e sensibilidade da Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiência e escolheu-se a melhor extração. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do programa SAS for Windows. O AG saturado predominante no espermatozoide é o mirístico e o AG insaturado predominante é o DHA, em ambas as extrações. No plasma seminal, nos dois métodos, o AG saturado que prevalece é o palmítico e o insaturado é o oleico. Dentre os dois métodos estudados, o que obtivemos melhores resultados na identificação e quantificação dos AG foi a Método 1. | The sheep industry for wool, milk and meat production is of increasing importance and new technologies for assessment of semen are in course for the elucidation of male infertility causes. It is well known that damage to the sperm membrane decreases semen quality. Considering that sperm membranes are composed by a phospholipid bilayer, and that lipid peroxidation is a major cause of cell damage, studieson the lipid components of semen are relevant. Lipid peroxidation is a consequence of the reaction between lipids and reactive oxygen species. This event may be reduced in the presence of antioxidants in semen. Semen was collected with an artificial vagina and, after sperm evaluation, samples were centrifuged to separate the sample into two fractions: seminal plasma and spermatozoa pellet. Both had their lipids extracted by two different methods based on Folch, Less& Stanley method modified, using chloroform e methanol as solvents. After the extraction, some esterified fatty acids were qualified and quantified for the sensitivity and specificity to the high performance liquid chromatography in order to determine the most efficient extraction technique in quantitative and qualitative aspects. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software for Windows. The predominant saturated fatty acid in sperm under these experimental conditions was the myristic and the most abundant insaturated fatty acid in both extractions was DHA. In seminal plasma, in both methods, the prevailing fatty acid is the saturated palmitic and the unsaturated oleic. Among the methods evaluated, we obtained the best results of identification and quantification of fatty acids in Method 1.