Di butyl phthalate (DBP) is a most important plasticizer which is suspected as reproductive toxicant and exposure to it has the  potential effect on the human as well as animal reproductive system. The research work was conducted to evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of di butyl phthalate in male wistar rats. The animals were divided in four different groups with 12 male rats in each group.  Group I served as control and was administered corn oil (2 ml/kg body wt.) while groups II, III, and IV were administered DBP orally at  the dose rate of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg respectively for consecutive seven days. Three rats from each group were sacrificed at 24 hrs, 7th day, 14th day and 21st day after initial dosing. There was gradual decrease in WBC count, RBC count, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, gradual increase in albumin, gradual decrease in total protein, glucose values, gradual decrease in relative weights of the  testes, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicles as well as increase in liver weight with increase in dose of DBP in group II, III and IV as compared to control group at different intervals of sacrifice. Grossly reductions in the size of testes were observed only in rats that belonged to high dose group IV on 21st day. The plasticizer DBP was found to produce histopathological lesions in male reproductive organs as well as in liver in dose dependent manner after oral administration. The finding suggested that DBP can cause toxicity  lesions in male reproductive organs especially in testes and epididymis at the dose rate of 500 to 2000 mg/kg body weight in wistar rats.

An investigation among fifty each tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers in four dairy dominated development blocks of Cachar district of Assam revealed that, among tribal and non-tribal farmers attitude towards dairy farming, economic motivation and source of motivation for dairy communication were found to have favourable scores with positive and significant correlation with communication behaviour. Regression analysis revealed that source of motivation for dairy communication crucially influenced communication behaviour of dairy farmers. Further, there louid significant difference between the tribal and non-tribal dairy farmers indicating sensitive strategies for dairy development in the area involving the veterinarians. 

This study on the employment and income of fishermen in the nonmechanized fishing craft categories of Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu was carried out with the specific objectives of estimation of costs per fishing trip, seasonal employment and identification of the factors determining quantity of fish catch. The sample size was 90 fishermen respondents equally distributed among canoe, vallam and FRP boat operating villages. Descriptive analyses were used to estimate the items of costs and returns, pattern of employment and levels of net income per fishing trip for different fishing seasons. The average annual fishing days of employment was 243, 138 and 136 for canoe, vallam and FRP boat categories, respectively. The overall mean gross income per fishing trip was r. 1843.42, r.2444.77 and r. 2116.97 for canoe, vallam and FRP boat categories, respectively.

A study was conducted in buffaloes suffering with horn affections .The physiological and haematological parameters were within the normal limits in all the horn affections, but the plasma cortisol and C-reactive protein were more than the normal levels in all the horn affections for initial periods. A radiological sign like increased radio-opacity was noticed in the septic horn cases. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples of horn and skin following amputation revealed normal histology except in horn cancer where squamous cell nests and mitotic figures in the squamous cells were observed.

A 3 months old goat kid presented to Veterinary Dispensary, Chetiyur, Salem district Tamil Nadu   with case history of ring like patches on the body complete alopecia, frequent itching with thick and scaly skin . Dermatophytes are cited among the most frequent causes of dermatological problems in domestic animals. The superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytes are called dermatophytosis- Trichophyton are usually the cause of dermatophytosis in domestic animals. Trichophyton verrucosum is the major fungal agent encountered in case of goats. Direct microscopic examination of skin scrapping with 20% KOH revealed long chains densely packed chlamydiospore found with swollen hyphae. The skin scrapping materials cultured in thiamine inositol nutrient supplement selective culture medium. Long chains of densely compacted chlamydospores present in lactophenol cotton blue staining. The goat kid recovered within a week by external antifungal and systemic antibiotic and nutritional therapy with good hygienic management.

A two year old male cat was presented to the Emergency and Critical Care Unit with a history of inappetence after paracetamol 300 mg (Half tablet of 600 mg) administration overnight. On clinical examination the cat had a mild elevation of vital signs. Based on history and clinical signs the case was diagnosed as paracetamol poisoning and treated with activated charcoal a total dose of 3 g)orally and N-acetyl cysteine intravenously at 140 mg/kg along with Ringer’s lactate, 10 ml/kg b.wt. The owner was advised to administer Nacetyl cysteine at 70 mg/kg orally for every 6 hours for five times. After treatment the cat was recovered successfully.

Commercial cocktail enzymes were collected from the market and evaluated for enzyme activity. Among the enzyme preparations which is having more enzyme activity was selected for invitro evaluation by using de oiled rice bran as substrate. The results of the present study indicated that a significant (P < 0.05) and linear increase in the release of glucose and reducing sugars with the increase in the level of enzyme mixtures from 0 to 7.5 mg / 10 g of DORB.

The present study describes the cloning and expression of endoglucanase gene from termite gut bacteria. Salmonella enterica with cellulolytic activity was  isolated from the gut of the termite Odontotermes formosanus and characterized by sugar fermentation tests, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA  sequencing. Endoglucanase gene was amplified from the genomic DNA of the bacteria and the purified 1.72 Kbp Polymerase chain reaction product was cloned into pET100 prokaryotic vector. The recombinant plasmid expressed a 65kDa endoglucanase which reacted with anti His-HRP antibody in western blotting. Cellulolytic activity of the recombinant plasmid was confirmed by congo red assay and the enzyme activity was found to be 54 Units/ml.

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) on performance and intestinal integrity in broilers.  A total of 300 day old Vencobb chicks were randomized in 5 groups, each with 6 replications (5x6) 10 birds per replicate. Groups provided with Sb ( 2 × 108 cfu/kg) in 0,0.02,0.04,0.08 and 0.16 mg/L in D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 respectively through water up to 42 days of age with adlibitum isonitrogenous and isocaloric ration. The results revealed, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in body weight gain, better FCR with increased concentration of Sb in water (D5). No significant variation was observed in feed intake with the level of Sb in water. Intestinal villus height, cryptal depth increased in groups with increased Sb. The results suggest that supplementation of Sb  at 0.16mg/L through drinking water  improved  the performance of the broilers by increasing the absorption capacity in the gut. 

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of sprouted green gram, selenium and vitamin E and their combinations on reproductive performance like semen quality and fertility for a period of five weeks with forty two adult White Leghorn cocks and seventy White Leghorn hens which were divided into seven treatment groups containing six cocks and ten hens for each treatment. The treatment groups consisted of control (T1), sprouted grains 50g/kg (T2), selenium 0.5mg/kg (T3), vitamin E 500mg/kg (T4), sprouted grains 50g/kg + selenium 0.5mg/kg (T5), sprouted grains 50g/kg + vitamin E 500mg/kg (T6) and sprouted grains 50g/kg + selenium 0.5mg/kg + vitamin E 500mg/kg (T7). Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between treatment groups. The overall sperm motility of treatment and control groups did not differ significantly. The sperm concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in all treatment groups compared to control.  Inclusion of sprouted green gram, selenium and vitamin E had significantly reduced the overall dead (P<0.01) and abnormal (P<0.05) sperms when compared to the control group.